• 대한방사선방어학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.212-213
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• 2011

The biological effects of low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) remain insufficiently understood. We examined for the scientific evidence to show the biological effects of LDIR using radiation-sensitive immune cells. We found that Ikaros protein was responsed to low dose-dependent effects of gamma radiation in IM-9 B lymphocytes. Ikaros encodes zinc finger transcription factors that is important regulators of a hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) progression to the B lymphoid lineage development, differentiation and proliferation. In this study, we observed that cell proliferation was enhanced from 10% to 20% by LDIR (0.05 Gy) in IM-9 B lymphocytes. The Ikaros protein was phosphorylated in its serine/threonine (S/T) region and decreased its DNA binding activity in the cells exposed to LDIR. We found that Ikaros phosphorylation was up-regulated by CK2/AKT pathway and the residues of ser-304 and ser-306 in Ikaros was phosphorylated by LDIR. We also observed that Ikaros protein was localized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm after LDIR and bound with Autotaxin (ENPP2, ATX) protein, stimulating proliferation, migration and survival of immune cells. In addition, we found that the lysoPLD activity of ATX was dependent on Ikaros-ATX binding activity. These results indicate that the Ikaros is an important regulator of immune activation. Therefore, we suggest that low dose ionizing radiation can be considered as a beneficial effects, stimulating the activation of immune cells.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1320-1325
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• 2003

The purpose of present study was to assess the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on the immune responses of laying hens. Three hundred and sixty hens at the age of 60 weeks were randomly assigned to ten diets, which contained no oil (CK), 1%, 3%, 5% fish oil (FO); 2%, 4%, 6% linseed oil (LO) and 2%, 4%, 6% corn oil (CO). After 5 weeks of feeding experimental diets, humoral and cellular immune responses were assayed. Laying hens were injected with Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and antibody titers, which were measured on d6, d10, d14 after primary challenge and on d5, d9, d13 after secondary challenge. Concanavalin (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood and spleen lymphocytes were assessed by [$^3$H] thymidine incorporation at the week age of 5 and 10, respectively. The results showed that antibody titers in FO-fed and LO-fed laying hens were higher than that in laying hens fed CO. The proliferation response to ConA was lower in laying hens that fed oils rich in n-3 fatty acids than that in laying hens fed CO. Higher level n-3 fatty acids can improve immune functions of laying hens. In conclusion, dietary fat source and level had a significant impact on immune responses of laying hens.

• Food Industry And Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.7-9
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• 1997

내열설 미생물, Thermus caldophilus CK24에 대한 탄수화물 생합성을 연구하는 과정에서 다양한 탄수화물 관련효소를 탐색하고 그레 대한 생화학적 및 분자생물학적 연구를 수행하고 있다. 일차로 내열성 미생물내 1) 당핵산염 합성효소와 당전이 효소, 2) 탄수화물 대사효소. 3)탄수화물 분해 및 전환효소의 존재를 HPLC/Bio-LC분석을 통하여 확인하고 이들에 대한 연구를 진행하고 있다. 본 연구발표에서는 포도당을 과당으로 전환하는 이성화효소(xylose isomerase), 그리고 맥아당을 트레할로스로 전환하는 트레할로스 합성효소(trehalose synthase)를 소개하고저 한다. 이성화효소는 이미 산업적 과당 생산에서 대규모적으로 사용되고 있는 식품산업효소이다. 본 연구에서는 Thermus caldophilus GK24, Thermus thermophilus HB8, Thermus flavus AT62 3종의 내열성 미생물에 대한 이성화효소 유전자를 클로닝 하고, 각 재조합하고 이성화효소를 대량생산하였다. 이 내열성 이성화효소는 최적 반응 온도가 8$0^{\circ}C$이고, 포도당을 과당으로 전환하는 수유른 55%이었다. 이러한 과당전환률은 이미 산업적으로 사용되고 있는 이성화효소의 과당전환률(43%)보다 훨씬 높은 것으로 과당 생산공정의 단순화의 생산성 향상에 결정적인 요인이라 할 수 있다. 한편 본 이성화효소의 산업적 특성을 증대하기 위하여 구조-기능관계 연구를 착수하였다. 우선 내열성 이산화 효소의 입체 구조를 결정하였고, 구조조정에 따른 기능적 특성을 조사하기 위하여 특정 위치의 선택적 변이 연구를 진행하고 있다. 끝으로 포도당 전이 효소를 추적하던 과정에서 맥아당을 트레할로스로 전환하는 새로운 효소를 Thermus caldo-philus GK24에서 발견하였다. 그 트레할로스 합성효소는 분자량이 약 110kDa이고 최적 반응온도가 75$^{\circ}C$이면, 조효소없이 맥아당을 트레할로스로 80%이상 전환해 주는 가역효소이었다. 본 연구에서는 효소반응의 조건과 특성을 조사하였고, 효소 아미노-밀단의 서열결정정보를 통하여 효소의 유전자를 클로닝 하고 그 유전자의 구조와 발현연구를 진행하고 있다.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 2010

The trophectoderm is one of the earliest cell types to differentiate in the forming placenta. It is an important for the initial implantation and placentation during pregnancy. Trophoblast stem cells (TBSCs) develop from the blastocyst and are maintained by signals emanating from the inner cell mass. However, several limitations including rarity and difficulty in isolation of trophoblast stem cells derived from blastocyst still exist. To establish a model for trophoblast differentiation, we isolated TBSCs from human term placenta ($\geq$38 weeks) and characterized. Cell cycle was analyzed by measuring DNA content by FACS analysis and phenotype of TBSCs was characterized by RT-PCR and FACS analysis. TBSCs have expressed various markers such as self-renewal markers (Nanog, Sox2), three germ layer markers (hNF68, alpha-cardiac actin, hAFP), trophoblast specific markers (CDX-2, CK7, HLA-G), and TERT gene. In FACS analysis, TBSCs isolated from term placenta showed that the majority of cells expressed CD13, CD44, CD90, CD95, CD105, HLA-ABC, cytokeratin 7, and HLA-G. Testing for CD31, CD34, CD45, CD71, vimentin and HLA-DR were negative. TBSCs were shown to decrease the growth rate when cultured in conditioned medium without FGF4/heparin as well as the morphology was changed to a characteristic giant cell with a large cytoplasm and nucleus. In invasion assay, TBSCs isolated from term placenta showed invasion activities in in vivo using nude mice and in vitro Matrigel system. Taken together, these results support that an isolation potential of TBSCs from term placenta as well as a good source for understanding of the infertility mechanism.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.37-58
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• 1995

Whole tues were put uto cement kiln inlet where the tempmalures or gas and cemcnt-raw-materials were 1050 and 800- 850.C. respcclrvely. Tl~ck iln consisls of \ulcorner-stage suspension preheatel- and air quenching coolers The amount of wusle tlrcs added in lhc normal encrgy in lhc ce~ncnlk iln was 3, 5, 7% by volume Welght and steel contents of tiles. ulti~~iaalcn d elemental analysis, ash contents. ash hsion temperature. etc, wete detcnutned to inveshgate thc prnpcrlics a1 tires and ilreir ashes. Flucluat~ons of cement kiln placess, cement quality and an pollulton were invesligalerl during lhc burning tins. When the Ieeding ralio ol wasle lires to normal cncrgy was 50'0, there was nn wlde d~ffereilces m the cemmt quctlity and air pollutcon between operation with tiles and withoul tires. Tl~ch cal iccovcry was uhout 50% w~th5 % add~tionI n the nonndl energy. There was a little lxt fluctuation of cement quultty ncld an pollution at olher feeding ralios.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy) on the pain, ROM (range of motion) and muscle fatigue recovery of DOMS (delayed onset muscle soreness). Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Twenty-six subjects who are student in their 20s at a university participated in this study, these subjects were assigned into two groups, a control group (n=12) and an experiment group (n=14). The subjects in experimental group were intervened by HBOT (40 minutes, 1.3 ATA), while ones on control group weren't by any intervention after induced DOMS. Results: First, in the comparison of VAS (visual analog scale), there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001), interaction of period (p<0.05) and group (p<0.05). In the comparison of PPT (pressure pain threshold), there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001) and interaction of period (p<0.05). Second, in the comparison of ROM, there were significant variations with the period (p<0.001), interaction of period (p<0.001) and group (p<0.01). Third, in the comparison of CK (creatine kinase) and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), there no signigicant variations with all measure variables. Conclusion: The above results indicated that HBOT were effective to decrease the pain and improve the ROM in DOMS. Also the statistical significant variations of blood factors of muscle fatigue were not found in this.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.749-754
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• 2004

Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (Off-Pump CABG) has been proven to have less morbidity and to facilitate early recovery. High-risk surgical patients may have benefitted by avoiding the adverse effects of the cardiopulmonary bypass. We compared the effectiveness of Off-Pump CABG with that of coronary artery bypass using cardiopulmonary bypass (On-Pump CABG) in high-risk patients. Material and Method: 682 patients (424 Off-Pump CABG and 258 On-Pump CABG) underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting between January 2001 and June 2003. Patients who were considered high risk were selected High risk is defined as the presence of one or more of nine adverse prognostic factors. Data were collected from 492 patients in Off-Pump CABG and 100 in On-Pump CABG for risk factors, extent of coronary disease, and in-hospital outcomes. Result： Off-Pump CABG group and On-Pump CABG group did not show differences in their preoperative risk factors. We used more arterial grafts in Off-Pump CABG group (p < 0.05). Postoperative results showed that operative mortality (0.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 2.0% in On-Pump CABG), renal failure (2.6% in Off-Pump CABG versus 7.0% in On-Pump CABG), and perioperative myocardial infarction (1.5% in Off-Pump CABG versus 1.0% in On-Pump CABG) did not differ significantly. However, Off-Pump CABG had shorter mean operation time (p<0.05), lower mean CK-MB level (p <0.05), lower rate of usage of inotropics (p < 0.05), shorter mean ventilation time (p <0.05), lower perioperative stroke (0% versus 2.0%), and shorter length of stay (p < 0.05) than On-Pump CABG. On-Pump CABG had more distal grafts (p<0.05) than Off-Pump CABG. Although Off-Pump CABG and On-Pump CABG did not show statistical differences in mortality and morbidity was more frequent in CABG. Conclusion: Off-Pump CABG reduces morbidity and favors hospital outcomes. Therefore, Off-Pump CABG is safe, reasonable and may be a preferable operative strategy for high-risk patients.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.942-953
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage and fatigue indices and athletic performance improvement of canoe athletes after conducting a high-intensity training program. To achieve the objective, this study applied a high-intensity training program to seven high school canoe athletes. The high-intensity training program is composed of aerobic exercise sessions (twice per week; Tuesday and Thursday), anaerobic exercise sessions (three times per week; Monday, Wednesday, and Friday), and flexibility exercise sessions (five times per week). During the 6 week high-intensity training program, drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was conducted in the first two weeks, wash out (two weeks) followed it, and drug ingestion (L-arginine or placebo) was carried out again in the last two weeks. The crossover design was used for the experiment so all study subjects were assigned to either the L-arginine intake group (the treatment group) or the placebo group (the control group). Each subject ingested 3g per day. This study confirmed the significant effects of L-arginine supplementation on muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, and antioxidants using blood samples. Additionally, FMD was analyzed to evaluate vascular endothelial cell functions and canoe performance was examined using the canoe ergometer. The results of this study showed that L-arginine intake did not have direct effects on the levels of ammonia, IP, and CK. The level of LDH decreased significantly more in the ARG group than in the PLA group due to L-arginine supplementation. Moreover, L-arginine supplementation did not change total NO, d-ROMs, BAP, and FMD significantly. Lastly, the results of the 500m canoe ergometer, which was conducted to evaluate the canoe performance, revealed that L-arginine did not have direct effects on total time, stroke distance, and mean velocity. However, L-arginine supplementation significantly improved muscle damage indices, fatigue indices, antioxidants, FMD, and canoe performance. Therefore, it is believed that additional studies are needed for examining the potential effects of L-arginine supplementation athletic performance enhancement.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.8 s.253
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• pp.551-556
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• 2005

Background: Complete arterial off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) by sequential anastomoses with one or two arterial grafts provides favorable outcomes. However, problems of insufficient graft length, hypopefusion, kinking of graft, and unfavorable course of graft may be encountered. To solve these problems, we have used different technique with multiple arterial Y composite graft to allow end-to-side rather than sequential anastomoses and evaluated the results of this method. Material and Method: Between February 2003 and October 2004, If patients underwent total arterial OPCAB using multiple arterial V composite grafts with left internal mammary artery (LIMA), radial artery (RA), and right internal mammary artery (RIMA). We divided RA into multiple segments by number of distal target site after measuring of individual proper length and constructed arterial composite graft. One of segments was sutured end-to-side to LIMA and other segment was sutured end-to-side to the previously constructed radial graft. Postoperative graft patency was evaluated in 6f patients by multi-slice computed tomegraphy. Result: An average of $2.5\pm0.6$ arteries and $3.7pm0.7$ distal anastomoses per patient were done. There was no perioperative myocardial infarction, clinical hypoperfusion syndromes, and operative mortality. Postoperative mean CK-MB level was $17.4pm29.7\;IU/L.$Overall graft patency was $99.1\%\;(214/216)(LIMA:\;100\%,\;RA:\;98.4\%,\;RIMA:\;100\%).$ Conclusion: This technique allows total arterial OPCAB without technical problems and provides excellent early clinical results and graft patency. We believe that this technique is more convenient in the obtuse marginal area compared to sequential technique, and helpful in patients who require complex arterial grafting.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.110-114
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• 2007

Purpose: This study evaluate clinical findings & management of rhabdomyolysis after strenuous activities in military police recruit. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out from June $1^{st}$, 2004 and May $23^{nd}$, 2005. The study subjects were 13 military police recruit patients who were admitted to our hospital with intractable muscle pain and swelling, and had suspicions of Rhabdomyolysis. The patients were given various blood tests (CPK, CK-MB, AST, BUN/Cr, and Electrolyte) and clinically observed. The patients were all males, and their average age was 20 $(19\sim21)$ years. Seven cases were due to push-up exercises, 5 was due to a soccer game, and 1 was due to riot control activities. The patients complained of swelling and tenderness in various parts of the extremities. Four complained of swelling and tenderness in forearm, 3 in upper arm, 1 in shoulder, and 5 in lower extremity. The diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was made if the patient complained clinical symptom and had a blood CPK level of above 1,000 IU/L at the time of admission. Patients who took medication or had medical problem were excluded from this study. Bone scans were taken of all patients 4 hours after giving 99mTc-MDP 20mCi intravenously. Treatment was bed rest and fluid therapy. Patients who complained of excessive pain were given splint immobilization. Results: The average hospitalization day for the 13 patients was 20 days ($14\sim42$ days). Excluding one patient who exhibited ARF at time of admission, all patients showed a decrease of blood CPK below 1000 IU/L at an average hospitalization time of 8 days ($2\sim11$ days). The patient with ARF recovered after hemodialysis and fluid therapy. Conclusion: Patients complaining of swelling and severe muscle pain after excessive exercise or training should be suspicious of exercise induced rhabdomyolysis, and should be given blood tests and fluid therapy immediately.