• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.447-451
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• 2019

The study was designed to investigate the antibacterial effect of Helicobacter pylori against 32 medicinal plants commonly used as health foods. The medicinal plants used in this study were 32 kinds of medicinal plant extracts using the disk diffusion method for H. pylori activity, which can be eaten every day by everyone. Amoxicillin sodium (150 mg / ml, Ildong Pharmaceutical) and Metronidazole 50 mg / ml) was used as a control group. We measured the area of the transparent area and evaluated that the larger the area, the more effective it is for H. pylori. As a result of this study, the clear zone of inhibition was highest at $372.90mm^2$, second was $358.30mm^2$, and Chungho was $348.32mm^2$. The positive control group, Metronidazole (50 mg / ml CJ), was $503,29mm^2$. In the future, the development of antimicrobial materials of various medicinal plants is expected to be effective for the inhibition of H. pylori.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.114-121
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• 2023

Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibition is a novel strategy to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal side effects caused by conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, some selective COX-2 inhibitors have become apparent to increase the risk of severe cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effect of rosemary extract (RE) and confirm the safety of cardiovascular side effects. Inhibition of COX enzyme activity was assessed, and the levels of COX-2 and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and COX-1 and thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂) were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The 40% RE group showed increased COX-2 inhibition activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the 50% RE group only exhibited at 100 ㎍/mL. In a cell-based study, COX-2 mRNA expression was similar in both RE groups and PGE₂ levels tended to decrease in the 40% RE group compared to the LPS group in the LPS pretreatment condition. In the LPS posttreatment condition, the COX-2 mRNA expression decreased in the 40% RE group, and PGE₂ levels were increased in the 40 and 50% RE groups. In both conditions, there was no significant difference in COX-1 and TXB₂ levels. In conclusion, 40 and 50% RE showed significant COX-2 inhibition, similar to the positive control group. It was confirmed that the inhibition of the COX-2 expression, but the effect did not affect the balance between prostacyclin and TXB₂. These results indicate that rosemary showed COX-2 inhibition activity with a low risk of cardiovascular diseases.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.208-213
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• 2004

In this study, we examined the effects of dietary 1,3-diacylglycerol (DG) compared to conventional triacylglycerol (TG) oil on the postprandial response of total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, and free fatty acid (FFA). This study was conducted using a cross-over design. Ninety subjects participated in the high-fat meal tolerance test where they were randomly assigned to consume two experimental sandwiches containing mayonnaise with TG or DG oil with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected before ingestion and at 2, 3, 4 and 6 hr time point after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin, FFA and phospholipid fatty acid composition. Both TG and DG ingestion had similar effects on postprandial TG response, but a different response from chylomicron TG. Compared with the TG group, TG levels were significantly lower only at 6 hr time point in the DG group. On the other hand, chylomicron TG rose steeply at 2 hr time point and decreased faster in this group. Also, the adjusted value to fasting levels was the same as the unadjusted level. Fasting levels and net differences in insulin were significantly lower at 3 hr time point where chylomicron TG levels were significantly lower in the DG group. But those of glucose and FFA in the TG and DG groups did not differ significantly. Fasting and postprandial levels of fatty acid composition in serum phospholipids in the two groups did not differ significantly. In conclusion, this study indicated that one could reduce the magnitude of postprandial lipemia without influencing glucose metabolism by consumning DG oil as a substitute for TG oil. Based on the correlation of coronary artery disease and postprandial lipemia, dietary DG ingestion might have a beneficial effect in treating such a disease. Further studies are required to clarify the long-tenn effects of dietary DG on blood lipid levels in humans.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.684-692
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the effect of chongkukjang intake on lipid metabolism and liver function in ethanol consumed rats. Twenty one Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 4 weeks old were used as experimental animals, which were divided into three dietary groups; casein diet(CA), soybean diet(SB) and chongkukjang diet(CJ). Alcohol was consumed with water as 25%(v/v) ethanol solution. After 4 weeks of experimental period, rats were sacrificed to get blood and liver samples for analysis of lipids, lipid peroxides, antioxidative enzymes and biochemical indices of liver function. The mean body weight, food intake and liver index were not significantly different among three groups. Serum level of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol of chongkukjang diet group was the lowest among three groups although the difference was not significant. HDL-cholesterol level was significantly(p<0.05) higher in chongkukjang diet group than that of casein diet group. LDL-cholesterol level of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. Liver TBARS of chongkukjang and soybean diet group was significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of casein diet group respectively. The superoxide dismutase activity of chongkukjang diet group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than that of casein diet group. Catalase activity was not significantly different among three groups. As indices of liver function, glutamic oxaloacetic transminase(GOT), glutamic pyruvic transminase(GPT), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase($\gamma$-GTP) and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) were not significantly different among three groups. Serum alcohol concentration and activities of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase(ALDH) were not significantly different among three groups. The chongkukjang diet seems to give a beneficial effect for improving lipid metabolism by increasing HDL-cholesterol level and SOD activity while reducing liver TBARS level. However, effect on liver function has to be investigated further.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2015

Grape products have been known to exert greater antioxidant and anti-obesity than anti-hyperglycemic effects in animals and humans. Omija is used as an ingredient in traditional medicine, and it is known to have an anti-hyperglycemic effect. We investigated whether the combined extracts of grape pomace and omija fruit (GE+OE) could reduce fat accumulation in adipose and hepatic tissues and provide beneficial effects against hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic mice. C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were fed either a normal control diet or GE+OE (0.5% grape pomace extract and 0.05% omija fruit extract, w/w) for 7 weeks. GE+OE decreased plasma leptin and resistin levels while increasing adiponectin levels and reducing the total white adipose tissue weight. Furthermore, GE+OE lowered plasma free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride, and total-cholesterol levels as well as hepatic FFA and cholesterol levels. Hepatic fatty acid synthase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were decreased in the GE+OE group, whereas hepatic ${\beta}$-oxidation activity was increased. Furthermore, GE+OE supplementation not only reduced hyperglycemia and pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell failure but also lowered blood glycosylated hemoglobin and plasma insulin levels. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance levels was also decreased and the decrease seems to be mediated by the lowered activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinases. The present data suggest that GE+OE may have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 2015

This study selected container terminals of Gwangyang and Busan Ports to evaluate the influence of efficient container terminals. For the study, after data envelopment analysis (DEA) using the CCR and BCC models, the decision-making unit (DMU) system was used to define nodes; and with the use of a reference group in DEA (BCC model) and a lambda value, this study created a social network and analyzed the influences of efficient DMUs through a centrality analysis of eigenvectors. The results are presented as follows: First, as a result of the DEA, CCR efficiencies in PNC, HJNC, and HPNT container terminals of Busan Port were 1 and BCC efficiencies at Singamman Terminal, Wooam Terminal, PNC, HJNC, HPNT, and BNCT container terminals of Busan Port were 1. Second, as a result of undertaking social network analysis (SNA), according to an eigenvector centrality analysis, HJNC Terminal was referred to the most (influence score of 0.515), which indicates that it is the most influential as a container terminal. The influence of PNC Terminal was 0.512, while that of Wooam Terminal was 0.379. CJ Korea Express in Gwangyang Port was ranked fourth in influence, but its influence score of 0.256 indicates that it was the most influential of the container terminals at Gwangyang Port.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.281-288
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin levels on growth performance, feed utilization, muscle pigmentation, and antioxidant capacity in juvenile rainbow trout. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0, 50, 75, and 100 mg/kg astaxanthin (designed as AX0, AX50, AX75, and AX100). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (18.5 g/fish) for 10 weeks. Growth performance and muscle composition of fish were not affected by dietary astaxanthin levels. Total carotenoid concentration in the muscle of fish fed the AX50 diet was higher than that of fish fed the AX0 diet, but no significant differences were observed between these fish and those fed the AX75 and AX100 diets. Muscle astaxanthin content increased with increased astaxanthin in the diet. Deposition of astaxanthin in the flesh resulted in a decrease in lightness and an increase in redness and yellowness. The fillets from trout fed the AX75 diet had significantly lower lightness than trout fed the AX50 and AX100 diets. Fish fed the AX50 and AX75 diets showed significantly lower catalase activity than those fed the control diet. Total antioxidant status increased significantly in all astaxanthin supplemented groups when compared to the control group. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in fish fed the AX50 diet compared to fish fed the AX0 diet. These findings suggest that while fillet pigmentation increased with increasing dietary astaxanthin concentration, indices of fish antioxidant capacity may not be affected in a dose dependent manner.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2011

Bacterial density distributions of gut microbes in the digestive organs of Harmonia axyridis collected from three different sources (JK, CK, and CJ) were $6.0{\times}10^4$ CFU/gut under aerobic culture condition and $8.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/gut under anaerobic culture condition. Seven colony types were observed under aerobic condition and three types of similarity were detected under anaerobic condition. In total, 116 strains, including 34 strains under aerobic condition, were isolated from the digestive organs of H. axyridis. Based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, aerobic gut microbes were assigned to the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. A large number of isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus and Staphylococcus of the Firmicutes commonly found in H. axyridis from different sites. Anaerobic gut microbes were found to be similar according to colony morphological, phylogenetic analysis using ARDRA. Eighty-two anaerobic gut microbes were clustered into 17 different ARDRA types according to HaeIII. Representative anaerobic gut microbes in each ARDRA group were divided into five species of ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis; Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter ludwigii, Enterobacter kobei, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans and Pseudomonas koreensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that about 70% of the isolates belonged to ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria, suggesting predominance of gut microbes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.1287-1293
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• 2016

The objectives of this experiment was to evaluate the subsequent growth and organ weights, blood profiles and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks fed pre-starter diets containing fermented soybean meal products during early phase. A total of nine hundred 1-d-old chicks were randomly assigned into six groups with six replicates of 25 chicks each. The chicks were fed control pre-starter diet with dehulled soybean meal (SBM) or one of five experimental diets containing fermented SBM products (Bacillus fermented SBM [BF-SBM], yeast by product and Bacillus fermented SBM [YBF-SBM]; Lactobacillus fermented SBM 1 [LF-SBM 1]; Lactobacillus fermented SBM 2 [LF-SBM 2]) or soy protein concentrate (SPC) for 7 d after hatching, followed by 4 wk feeding of commercial diets without fermented SBMs or SPC. The fermented SBMs and SPC were substituted at the expense of dehulled SBM at 3% level on fresh weight basis. The body weight (BW) during the starter period was not affected by dietary treatments, but BW at 14 d onwards was significantly higher (p<0.05) in chicks that had been fed BF-SBM and YBF-SBM during the early phase compared with the control group. The feed intake during grower and finisher phases was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatments. During total rearing period, the daily weight gains in six groups were 52.0 (control), 57.7 (BF-SBM), 58.5 (YBF-SBM), 52.0 (LF-SBM 1), 56.7 (LF-SBM 2), and 53.3 g/d (SPC), respectively. The daily weight gain in chicks fed diet containing BF-SBM, YBF-SBM, and LF-SBM 2 were significantly higher values (p<0.001) than that of the control group. Chicks fed BF-SBM, YBF-SBM, and LF-SBM 2 had significantly lower (p<0.01) feed conversion ratio compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the relative weight of various organs and blood profiles among groups. Cecal microbiota was altered by dietary treatments. At 35 d, chicks fed on the pre-starter diets containing BF-SBM and YBF-SBM had significantly increased (p<0.001) lactic acid bacteria, but lowered Coli-form bacteria in cecal contents compared with those fed the control diet. The number of Bacillus spp. was higher (p<0.001) in all groups except for LF-SBM 1 compared with control diet-fed chicks. At 7 d, jejunal villi were significantly lengthened (p<0.001) in chicks fed the fermented SBMs vs control diet. Collectively, the results indicate that feeding of fermented SBMs during early phase are beneficial to the subsequent growth performance in broiler chicks. BF-SBM and YBF-SBM showed superior overall growth performance as compared with unfermented SBM and SPC.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.943-947
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• 2007

The acid modification of waxy rice starch was conducted to improve the yugwa production process. The intrinsic viscosity, paste viscosity, and differential scanning calorimetry characteristics of acid modified starch were measured, and bandaegi and yugwa prepared from acid modified starch were evaluated. The intrinsic viscosities of acid thinned starches were 1.48, 1.27, 1.15, and 0.91 mL/g after reaction times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr, respectively. The gelatinization enthalpy was reduced from 16.3 J/g in native starch to 15.8, 15.3, 14.7, and 14.5 J/g in acid thinned starches as the time of acid thinning increased. The peak viscosity and final viscosity decreased with increasing the time of acid thinning, but the pasting temperature was slightly increased in acid thinned starches. The hardness of bandaegi from acid thinned starches under high pressure greatly decreased relative to the control, typical yugwa. Yugwa from acid thinned starch under high pressure maintained a homogeneous structure containing tiny and uniform cells similar to that of native waxy rice starch used for typical yugwa. Acid thinning under high pressure appears to be a good alternative to the existing steeping process for better yugwa quality.