• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2014

This study investigated the quality characteristics of fermented wines using a selected strain to obtain basic data on sugar-free tomato wine production. Alcohol content of the tomato and commercial wine was 8.2~12.9%, whereas tomato wine showed a relatively low alcohol content of 8.2%. For total phenol content, Chile wine showed the highest value of 162.89 mg/100 g, followed by persimmon wine at 122.33 mg/100 g. Tomato wine showed a relatively high total phenol content of 96.57 mg/100 g. In all sections, xylose was not detected, although there were differences in free sugars depending on each product. Acetic and citric acid contents were highest in tomato wine, and the six kinds of commercial wine and tomato wine showed acetic acid content of 800.6 mg/100 g and citric acid content of 1,064.4 mg/100 g. The total free amino acid content was 100.63 mg/100 g in tomato wine, which was 2~3 times higher compared to that in commercial wine ($26.33{\pm}52.15mg/100g$).

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2017

We carry out the study of $850{\mu}m$ sources in a part of the XMM-LSS field. The $850{\mu}m$ imaging data were obtained by the SCUBA-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) for three days in July 2015 with an integration time of 6.1 hours, covering a circular area with a radius of 15'. We choose the central area up to a radius of 9'.15 for the study, where the noise distribution is relatively uniform. The root mean square (rms) noise at the center is 2.7 mJy. We identify 17 sources with S/N > 3.5. Differential number count is estimated in flux range between 3.5 and 9.0 mJy after applying various corrections derived by imaging simulations, which is consistent with previous studies. For detailed study on the individual sources, we select three sources with more reliable measurements (S/N > 4.5), and construct their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from optical to far-infrared band. Redshift distribution of the sources ranges from 0.36 to 3.28, and their physical parameters are extracted using MAGPHYS model, which yield infrared luminosity $L_{IR}=10^{11.3}-10^{13.4}L_{\odot}$, star formation rate $SFR=10^{1.3}-10^{3.2}M_{\odot}yr^{-1}$ and dust temperature $T_D=30-53K$. We investigate the correlation between $L_{IR}$ and $T_D$, which appears to be consistent with previous studies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.218-222
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• 2013

Trade turnover between asia including our country and China and South America including Brazil the Chile is increasing continuously. That key item is diversified very from the raw materials to the agriculture and marine products, the industrial product and the mineral. The international transportation of these freight mainly depends in the aircraft and the container liner. But, in order to pass through the most various port of call is makes transshipment cargo and the long lead-time. so the goods expense of the style increases. The research proposed logistics network's construction between the main harbors of Korea and Ecuador. These nation according to great circle navigation is contiguous geographically in order to confront Pacific Ocean. These nation is contiguous geographically in order to confront Pacific Ocean by the great circle navigation. Specially Korea will become the hub-port of Northeast Asia and South America, which is caused by direct logistics lines's establishment.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1240-1247
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• 2018

Magnetic hysteresis in Ni nanowire arrays grown by electrodeposition inside the pores of anodic alumina templates is studied as a function of temperature in the range between 5 K and 300 K. Nanowires with different diameters, aspect ratios, inter-wire distance in the array and surface condition (smooth and rough) are synthesized. These microstructure parameters are linked to the different free magnetic energy contributions determining coercivity and the controlling magnetization reversal mechanisms. Coercivity increases with temperature in arrays of nanowires with rough surfaces and small diameters -33 nm and 65 nm- when measured without removing the alumina template and/or the Al substrate. For thicker wires -200 nm in diameter and relatively smooth surfaces- measured without the Al substrate, coercivity decreases as temperature rises. These temperature dependences of magnetic hysteresis are described in terms of an effective magnetic anisotropy $K_a$, resulting from the interplay of magnetocrystalline, magnetoelastic and shape anisotropies, together with the magnetostatic interaction energy density between nanowires in the array. The experimentally determined coercive fields are compared with results of micromagnetic calculations, performed considering the magnetization reversal mode acting in each studied array and microstructure parameters. A method is proposed to roughly estimate the value of $K_a$ experimentally, from the hysteresis loops measured at different temperatures. These measured values are in agreement with theoretical calculations. The observed temperature dependence of coercivity does not arise from an intrinsic property of pure Ni but from the nanowires surface roughness and the way the array is measured, with or without the alumina template and/or the aluminum support.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

As a result of analyzing the quality of imported grapes during the 2018 season, the hardness of the grape berry was found to be 10 N or less in total. In the case of Chilean grapes, the soluble solids tended to be lower as imports and distribution periods were delayed. The berry weight was the largest at 14.4 - 14.8 g for the 'Red Globe', 7.1 - 7.4 g for the 'Thompson Seedless' and 6.0 - 7.0 g for the 'Crimson Seedless'. The 'Crimson Seedless' grapes imported from Chile, which had a high berry shatter rate, had a shorter pedicel length, pad width and brush length than that of the other 2 varieties. Regardless of the grape varieties, the weight loss during the distribution at room temperature ($25^{\circ}C$) increased rapidly as the import season was delayed. Additionally, it was found that the later the distribution seasons, a higher stem browning index was observed regardless of the variety. The 'Thompson Seedless' was revealed to be more susceptible to browning than that of the other varieties. The shrinkage of the stem and the pedicel browning progressed within a short time during shelf-life as the distribution time was delayed. The incidence of berry decay of the imported grapes tended to increase with the progression of the distribution period. In the fruits distributed on April, except for the 'Crimson Seedless', the grapes were rapidly corrupted in the second half of the distribution. The 'Red Globe' grapes completely lost marketability due to a berry decay of 26.1% and 69.9% at 9 and 12 days after shelf-life, respectively.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2018

RR Tel is an interacting binary system in which a hot white dwarf (WD) accretes matter from a Mira variable via gravitational capture of the stellar wind. We present a high-resolution optical spectrum of RR Tel obtained with MIKE at Magellan-Clay telescope, Chile. We find broad emission features at 6825, 7082, 7023, and $7053{\AA}$, which are formed through Raman scattering of far-UV O VI ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1032 and $1038{\AA}$, C II ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1036 and $1037{\AA}$ with atomic hydrogen. Raman O VI 6825 and 7082 features are characterized by double-peaked profiles indicative of an accretion flow with a characteristic speed ~ 30km/s, whereas the Raman C II features exhibit a single Gaussian profile with FWHM ${\sim}10{\AA}$. Monte Carlo simulations for Raman O VI and C II are performed by assuming that the emission nebula around the WD consists of the inner O VI disk with a representative scale of 1 AU and the outer part with C II sphere. The best fit for Raman profiles is obtained with an asymmetric matter distribution of the O VI disk, the mass loss rate of the cool companion ${\dot{M}}{\sim}2{\times}10^{-6}M_{{\odot}/yr}$ and the wind terminal velocity v~10 km/s. We also find O VI doublet at 3811 and $3834{\AA}$, which are blended with other emission lines. Our profile decomposition shows that the O VI ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 3811, 3834 doublet have a single Gaussian profile with a width ~ 25 km/s. A comparison of the restored fluxes of C II ${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 1036 and 1037 from Raman C II features with the observed C II ${\lambda}1335$ leads to an estimate of a lower bound of N(CII) > $9.87{\times}10^{13}cm^{-2}$ toward RR Tel, which appears consistent with the presumed distance D ~ 2.6 kpc.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.31.3-31.3
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• 2018

On August 17th 2017, for the first time in the history, the gravitational wave (GW) detectors recorded signals coming from the merger of two neutron stars. This event was named as GW170817, and more interestingly, gamma-ray emission was detected 2 seconds after the gravitational wave signal, and 11 hours later, telescopes in Chile identified that the GW signal came from the NGC 4993 galaxy at the distance of about 40 Mpc. This is again the first time that electromagnetic (EM) signals are detected for a GW source. The follow-up observations by astronomers all around the world, including our group in Korea, successfully identified the optical emission as the kilonova, the elusive optical/NIR counterpart that has been proposed to originate from a neutron star merger. This whole event started the new era of astronomy, so-called the "multi-messenger astronomy", where the combined information from GW and EM radiation reveals an unprecedented view of the universe. In this talk, I summarize this exciting event, and describe the efforts by Korean astronomers that have led to important discoveries about the kilonova and the host galaxy properties, and finally provide the future prospects.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.295-303
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• 2021

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the issue of poverty is one of the most acute social problems of the beginning of the third millennium. The phenomenon of poverty is widespread in third world countries as well as it is observed in relatively developed countries. Poverty rates in Latin America are threatening. Consequently, the issue of social and economic inequality in these countries has become extremely acute. The purpose of the research: to identify the causes of poverty and social inequality and substantiate the main directions of poverty reduction in third world countries. The research methods: comparative analysis; index method; systematization; grouping; generalization. Results. The classification of the causes of poverty has been carried out and the directions of its overcoming in the countries of Latin America on groups of indicators have been defined, namely: 1) political; 2) economic; 3) demographic; 4) regional-geographical; 5) social; 6) qualification; 7) personal. Based on the Net Domestic Product indicator, a comparison of economic indicators of the studied countries has been carried out. It has been revealed that from 1990 to 2018 income inequality increased in 52 of 119 countries studied, and decreased in 57 states. Inequality has increased in the world's most populous countries, particularly China and India. In general, countries with growing inequality are home to more than two-thirds (71%) of the world's population. Trends in the distribution of income in the world have been investigated by applying the Gini index, the high level of which is observed in Latin America (Colombia 48,9%, Panama 46,1%, Chile and Mexico 45,9%). The forecast of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on this issue has been outlined; the ways of its impact on the economies of the countries have been studied. As a result of the study, the main directions and mechanisms of the strategy for poverty reduction and social inequality in the third world countries have been identified. The implementation of the poverty reduction strategy presented in this academic paper may have a positive impact on the economic situation of the population of Latin American countries.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to analyze Korea's trade relations centered on the Pacific Alliance (PA), a major economic integration in Latin America, and identify its problems and suggest measures that can be taken by the government and corporations to reinforce economic cooperation. Design/methodology/approach - To improve the level of contribution of the study, an empirical analysis is necessary. However, due to limited data access, the study will approach the topic of trade relations between Korea and the PA with various statistics and literature. Findings - First, there is an urgent need for changes in import-export goods between Korea and the PA, as trade is focused on specific items. Second, although foreign direct investment from Korea to the PA is centered in manufacturing and mining industries, there should be different investment strategies by countries and industries. Third, it is necessary to reinforce commercial cooperation. Korea currently has Free Trade Agreements with Chile, Peru, and Columbia, but not with Mexico, the largest trading partner among the PA. Therefore, Korea must take active measures to sign an FTA with Mexico, which has been put on hold. Research implications or Originality - Latin America has the most thriving market when it comes to Free Trade Agreements worldwide. With the official establishment of the Pacific Alliance (PA) in 2012, the economic integration of Latin America faced entirely new circumstances. Reinforcing economic cooperation with the PA is extremely important for Korea in terms of entering and dominating the Latin American market. However, there is still a lack of research on the Pacific Alliance, and corporations that aim to enter the Latin American market face difficulties due to lack of information. By investigating the Pacific Alliance and its prospects and analyzing the trade relations with Korea, this study will provide strategic measures for corporations that wish to enter the Latin American market.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2021

It is difficult for observers to conduct an optical alignment at an observatory without the assistance of an optical engineer if optomechanical parts are to be replaced at night. We present a practical tilt correction method to obtain the optimal optical alignment condition using the symmetricity of optical aberrations of a wide-field on-axis telescope at night. We conducted coarse tilt correction by visually examining the symmetry of two representative star shapes obtained at two guide chips facing each other, such as east-west or north-south pairs. After coarse correction, we observed four sets of small stamp images using four guide cameras located at each cardinal position by changing the focus positions in 10-㎛ increments and passing through the optimum focus position in the range of ±200 ㎛. The standard deviation of each image, as a function of the focus position, was fitted with a second-order polynomial function to derive the optimal focus position at each cardinal edge. We derived the tilt angles from the slopes converted by the distance and the focus position difference between two paired guide chip combinations such as east-west and north-south. We used this method to collimate the on-axis wide-field telescope KMTNet in Chile after replacing two old focus actuators. The total optical alignment time was less than 30 min. Our method is practical and straightforward for maintaining the optical performance of wide-field telescopes such as KMTNet.