• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate fish cake made from salmon Oncorhynchus keta frame muscle (FC-SFM) in terms of taste, flavor, and nutritional characteristics. FC-SFM was significantly higher in moisture and lower in ash and carbohydrate than commercial fish cake (CFC). There were no significant differences in protein and lipid contents between FC-SFM and CFC (P<0.05). The total amino acid content of FC-SFM was higher than that of CFC. The major amino acids found in FC-SFM were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. The mineral content based on 100 g of FC-SFM was 76.7 mg calcium, 126.3 mg phosphorus, 19.1 mg magnesium, and 88.7 mg potassium. The total fatty acid content of FC-SFM was 1,833 mg/100 g, which was lower than that of CFC. The major fatty acids found in FC-SFM were 16:0, 18:1n-9, and 18:2n-6. The eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid content of FC-SFM was higher than that of CFC. The results suggest that FC-SFM has different nutritional characteristics to CFC, and FC-SFM could be commercialized.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.16-20
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• 2005

LNG저장탱크용 경질 폴리우레탄 폼의 발포에 많이 사용되어온 것은 CFC-11이었으며 현재 사용되고 있는 것은 HCFC-l4lb이다. 하지만 CFC-11과 이의 대안으로 사용되고 있는 HCFC-l4lb는 성층권에 존재하는 오존층(ozone layer)을 파괴하기 때문에, 선진국의 경우 CFC-11은 1996년부터 사용이 금지되어 왔으며 HCFC-141b도 2005년부터 사용이 금지될 예정이다. 이러한 국제적 제약으로 인해 이들 발포제를 대체할 차세대 발포제와 이를 이용한 폴리우레탄 폼에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 HFC계 발포제를 사용하여 합성한 경질폴리우레탄 폼의 물리적, 기계적 특성을 측정하였으며 이 결과를 HCFC-l4lb를 사용하여 합성한 경질폴리우레탄 폼의 특성과 비교하였으며 이로부터 LNG저장탱크용 단열재에 있어서 HFC계 발포제의 HCFC-l4lb대체가능성에 대하여 검토하였다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 임시총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.138-141
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• 2004

The environmental tracers tritium/helium-3 (3H/3He) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were investigated in ground water from Jeju Island, Korea, a basaltic volcanic island. The apparent 3H/3He and CFC-12 ages were in relatively good agreement in samples with low concentrations of terrigenic He. Ground water mixing was evaluated by comparing 3H and CFC-12 concentrations with mixing models, which distinguished old water with negligible 3H and CFC-12, young water with piston flow, and binary mixtures of the two end members. The ground water CFC-12 age is much older in water from wells completed in confined zones of the hydro-volcanic Seoguipo formation in coastal areas than in water from the basaltic aquifer. Comparison of major element concentrations in ground water with the CFC-12 age shows that nitrate contamination processes contribute more solutes in young water than are derived from water-rock interactions in non-contaminated old water. Chemical evolution of ground water resulting from silicate weathering in basaltic rocks reaches the zeolite-smectite phase boundary. The calcite saturation state of ground water increased with the CFC-12 apparent (piston flow) age. In agricultural areas, the temporal trend of nitrate concentration in ground water was consistent with the known history of chemical fertilizer use on Jeju Island, but the response of nitrate concentration in ground water to nitrogen inputs follows an approximate 10-year delay. Based on mass balance calculations, it was estimated that about 40% of the nitrogen applied by fertilizers reached the water table and contaminated ground water resources when the fertilizer use was at the highest level.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.358-364
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• 1989

• 공업화학
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.963-968
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• 1999

CFCs(chlorofluorocarbons)에 의한 여러 지구 환경문제들이 발생되고 있는 가운데, 사용후 회수된 CFCs에 대하여 보다 안전한 파괴방법이 요구되고 있다. 이런 관점에서 CFC-113의 분해를 위한 보다 좋은 조건을 개발하고자 접촉 산화분해반응하에서 솔-젤법으로 만들어진 에어로젤 $TiO_2-SiO_2(ATS)$ 촉매에 대하여 본 연구를 행하였다. 솔-젤법으로 만들어진 ATS 촉매가 초기 활성에서 우수하였지만 반응시간이 경과함에 따라 침전법에 의해 제조된 촉매보다 급격한 활성저하를 나타내었다. 이런 비활성화의 원인은 SEM-EDX와 XRD의 분석으로부터 생성가스 $F_2$에 의한 촉매표면의 Si 원자에 대한 결합, 유출에 기인된 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 ATS 촉매제조과정에서 prehydrolysis 방법으로 처리된 촉매가 촉매 표면의 산성도가 증가됨에 따라 촉매활성이 지속적으로 유지되고 촉매 피독에 의한 비활성화가 느리게 진행되는 것이 관찰되었다. 또한 ATS 촉매 반응에 있어서 Ti의 mol 비가 80%까지 증가함에 따라서도 산성도가 증가되어 본 반응에서 활성 유지와 비활성화 진행속도가 느리게 됨을 발견할 수 있었다. 한편, ATS 촉매에 대해 황산이온처리된 $ATS/SO_4{^{2-}}$ 촉매가 촉매의 활성유지와 비활성화 방지에 있어서 우수한 성질을 나타내었다. 그러므로 본 반응에 있어서 촉매 표면에 대한 황산이온의 처리가 촉매의 비활성화 방지에 기여할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2012

This study provided sorption properties of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and elucidated potential application of CFC sorption data in hydrogeochemistry. Prior sorption studies were reviewed for hydrophobic organic compounds similar to the CFCs, because there were only few CFC sorption studies. The CFCs are regarded as relatively conservative chemicals in groundwater environments based on their moderate hydrophobicity. However, thermally altered carbonaceous matter (TACM) can significantly increase sorption capacity and nonlinearity for hydrophobic organic compounds such as CFCs, compared to general soil organic matter. CFC sorption behavior are close to the sorption for reviewed organic chemicals. Therefore, the CFC sorption data can be used for determining hydrogeochemical properties and predicting transport of organic contaminants in TACM-containing aquifer environments.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.24-32
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• 1993

Experimental data on the heat transfer characteristics of HCFC-123 and CFC-11 during condensation in horizontal smooth tube are presented. The experimental apparatus consisted of a closed working fluid loop, coolant loop, and measuring system. The major components of the working fluid loop made of a refrigerant pump, boiler, superheater, refrigerant flow meter, receiver and test section. The tube-in-tube type test section was made of smooth tube which were constructed form 9.52 mm outer diameter of smooth copper tube with 50 mm outside diameter of PVC tube duct. The ranges of parameter, such as refrigerant mass velocity, coolant flow rate, and quality were 90-325kg/($m^2$.s), 60-360kg/h, 5-95% respectively. Data were obtained under steady state condition for annular flow. As a result of these, the condensation heat transfer coefficients for HCFC-123 were slightly lower than those of CFC-11 from 8% to 15% inside horizontal smooth tube. Furthermore, a new generalized correlation for the heat transfer coefficients of HCFC-123 and CFC-11 during condensation inside horizontal smooth tube is proposed.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2010

Paper is on defense for so-called internet crisis, the attack of DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) which was targeted to the central government ministries, financial sector, and portal sites of chief counties including Korea on June 7th, 2009 as its start. By conducting attack with various DDoS attacking methods in the lab environment and dividing networks targeted by the attack by layers, this paper records and analyzes the chief information for attack, destination information of packets, defense policy setting, and the flow of packet attack with the subjects of the networks separated. This study suggests CFC system using multiple firewalls applying defense policy corresponding to the target layer for ultimate attack and tests it according to the result of analyzing the attack packet information and its amount, log analysis, access recording port, and MAC and IT information, etc. by layers. This article is meaningful in that it analyzes the attack by layers, establishes firewall policy for protecting each layer, and secures accurate mechanism for detect and defense.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.406-420
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• 1995

As concerns increase over the dangers of environmental destruction on a global scale, CFC regulations have finally been carried out and some CFC's are expected to be phased out by the end of 1995. The research for alternative refrigerants is very demanding. The major activities related to alternative refrigerants are focused on two different areas; one is the development of mixed refrigerants by using the existing refrigerants, and the other is the development of new HFC refrigerants. One of the most promising alternative refrigerant for CFC-12 is HFC-134a. HFC-134a has often been used as a replacement of CFC-12 for automotive air-conditioners. However, due to different thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a, performances of the replaced system are degraded compared with those of the CFC-12 system. Sometimes, the complete redesign of the system is required. In order to analyse and design the new system effectively, the developement of a system simulation program, in which HFC-134a can be selected as a refrigerant, is recommended. Therefore, the summary of this research is as follows : (1) The various thermodynamic properties of HFC-134a are ana lysed and programmed. (2) The model for serpentine heat exchanger is developed and programmed. (3) These subroutines are integrated to develop to develop an automotive air conditioning system simulation program which is verified by the test results. (4) The verified program is used to analyse the performance of a selected automotive air conditioning system.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.389-395
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• 2016

A Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) framework was designed for a small lightweight space camera. According to the distribution characteristics of each optical element in the optical system, CFC (M40J) was chosen to accomplish the design of the framework. TC4 embedded parts were used to solve the low accuracy of the CFC framework interface problem. An integrated optimization method and the optimization strategy which combined a genetic global optimization algorithm with a downhill simplex local optimization algorithm were adopted to optimize the structure parameters of the framework. After optimization, the total weight of the CFC framework and the TC4 embedded parts is 15.6 kg, accounting for only 18.4% that of the camera. The first order frequency of the camera reaches 104.8 Hz. Finally, a mechanical environment test was performed, and the result demonstrates that the first order frequency of the camera is 102 Hz, which is consistent with the simulation result. It further verifies the rationality and correctness of the optimization result. The integrated optimization method mentioned in this paper can be applied to the structure design of other space cameras, which can greatly improve the structure design efficiency.