• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 2001

This study was conducted to compare activities of daily living, fatigue and depression between rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy persons. The subjects consisted of 53 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 53 healthy persons at a university hospital in Daegu City. Data were collected by means of structured interviews with questionnaires from July 20, 1999 to August 25, 1999. The instrument used in this study were the activities of daily living scale developed by Katz et al. (1970) and Barthel(1973), Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue by Belza et al.(1995) and CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) scale. Analysis of data was done by use of descriptive statistics, Pearson Correlation, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, MANCOVA and Duncan with the SPSS program. The major findings are summarized as follows : 1. The first hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patients will have a lower degree of activities of daily living than the healthy persons was supported (F=4.584, p=.035). 2. The second hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patient will have a higher degree of fatigue than the healthy persons was supported (F=7.799, p=.006). 3. The third hypothesis that the rheumatoid arthritis patients will have a higher degree of depression than the healthy persons was supported (F=4.768, p=.031). With the above results, it can be concluded that rheumatoid arthritis patients had a lower degree of activities of daily living and a higher degree of fatigue and depression than the healthy persons. Therefore, by providing appropriate nursing intervention, activities of daily living would be much better and fatigue and depression would be alleviated.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.718-727
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the levels of physical activity and its relationships with depression, health-related quality of life (QoL), sleep disturbance, and physiological indicators in hemodialysis patients. Methods: The participants in this study were 139 patients undergoing hemodialysis in the hospitals in Busan and Yangsan-si. Data were collected using hematologic tests and questionnaires that contained items about individual characteristics, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), Center For Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), a 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one way ANOVA, and correlation. Results: Mean age of the participants was $59.91{\pm}12.63$ and mean physical activity levels were $1,660.35{\pm}1,654.17$. Patients who performed higher physical activities during their daily activities reported lower levels of depression (F=4.16, p=.018) and higher levels of QOL (PCS: F=5.00, p=.008, MCS: F=8.66, p<.001) than those of the others who did not perform physical activities. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of physical activity among hemodialysis patients was significantly associated with their depression and QOL. Developing strategies for enhancing physical activity is warranted to improve depression and QOL among hemodialysis patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.639-655
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• 1999

An explanatory design was employed to identify the relationship of physical, emotional & social readjustment and social support of post hospitalized stroke patients and their caregivers. A convenient sample of 254 patients who given follow-up care at the outpatient department after discharge and 225 caregivers were recruited. Mental Status Questionnaire (MSQ), Social Support Inventory Stroke Survivors (SSISS), Illness intrusiveness(II), Instument Activity of Daily Living(IADL), Center of Epidemilogic Studies-Depression(CES-D), social activity and caregiver burden were used for measurement in this study. Results showed patient's physical level measured by IADL and psychological level measured by depression were high. But social activity was low. Cognitive function, depression & social activity were not significantly different by the posthospitalized period, but IADL was. The source of professional support was mostly the physician at the outpatient department. The family support was found significantly related to patient's depression & social activity and caregiver's subjective burden. Professional support was found significantly related to patient's IADL & depression. Illness intrusiveness as a mediating variable was a sig nificantly predicting power on patient's IADL & depression. The path analysis was used to identify the variables to predict the physical, emotional, and social status of patients. As a result, patient's age, cognitive function, illness intursiveness and professional support significantly predicted the level of IADL ; patient's cognitive function, illness intrusiveness and family support significantly predicted the level of depression ; and patient's age and family support significantly predicted the level of social activity of posthospitalized stroke patients. Based upon these results, the rehabilitation programs to reduce the illness intrusiveness and improve cognitive funtion were recommended for the readjustment of the stroke patients. This model of the readjustment of the posthospitalized stroke patients is recommended as the framework for care of the stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.620-630
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the level of depression, self-esteem and mother-adolescent (M-A) communication perceived by both mothers and adolescents between the early adolescent (E-A) group and the late adolescent (L-A) group; and to examine the actor effect and the partner effect of self-esteem and M-A communication on depression in mothers and adolescents. Methods: Participants were 107 Kirogi families who resided in the Midwest region of the U. S. Data were collected from September, 2008 to March, 2009 using the scales of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D), Self-esteem and Parent-Adolescent Communication Inventory. Results: Mothers in E-A group reported higher scores on depression than mothers in L-A group. Adolescents in L-A group reported higher scores on depression and lower scores on self-esteem than adolescents in E-A group. In the E-A group, mothers' selfesteem had big actor effect on mothers' depression and partner effect on adolescents' depression. In the L-A group, selfesteem of mothers and adolescents had actor effect on their depression respectively without partner effect. M-A communication of mothers influences mothers' depression negatively and adolescents' depression positively. In both group, M-A communication influences their depression with mediating effect of self-esteem. Conclusion: To promote Kirogi families' mental health, programs for mothers and adolescents should be developed differently according to adolescents' development stage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.E4
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• pp.203-213
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• 2002

Receptor modeling is one of statistical methods to achieve reasonable air pollution strategies. In order to maintain and manage ambient air quality, it is necessary to identify sources and to apportion its sources for ambient particulate matters. The main purpose of the study was to survey seasonal trends of inorganic elements in the coarse and fine particles. Second, this study has attempted emission sources qualitatively by a receptor method, the PMF mo-del. After that. both PMF (positive matrix factorization) model and TTFA (target transformation factor analysis) model were applied to compare and to estimate mass contribution of coarse and fine particle sources at the receptor. A total of 138 sets of samples was collected from 1989 to 1996 by a low volume cascade impactor with 9 size fraction stages at Kyung Hee University in Korea. Sixteen chemical species (Si, Ca, Fe, K, Pb, Na, Zn, Mg, Ba, Ni, V, Mn, Cr, Br, Cu. Co) were characterized by XRF. The study result showed that the weighted arithmetic mean of coarse and fine particles were 51.3 and 54.4 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively. Contribution of both particle fractions were esti-mated using TTFA and PMF models. The number of estimated sources was seven according to TTFA model and 8 according to PMF model. Comparison of TTFA and PMF revealed that both methodologies exhibited similar trends in their contribution pattern. However, large differences between contributions were observed in some sour-ces. The results of this study may help to suggest control strategies in local countries where known source profiles do not exist.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.68-81
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• 2002

Arthritis patients living in a rural town are thought to have more problems in terms of life stress, social support, and depression than those living in an urban city. But there were few studies which investigated the status of arthritis patients living in a rural town. This study investigated how much life stress they got, which life events were perceived as stress, what kind of social support were most perceived, and how much they were depressed. Fifty six arthritis patients were surveyed using structured questionnaire. Life stress, social support, and depression were assessed using the following scales: Life changes scale, Duke's short scale to measure social support, and CES-D(Center for Epidemiologic Study- Depression), respectively. They were found to perceive life stress in home-work, health and work, in order. And they were found to perceive relatively good social support. But they sot most of social support from their family members especially their spouses and children. Lastly, it was found that they were moderately depressed. Based upon these results, it is suggested that integrative rehabilitation programs which provide professional support and reduce depression are necessary for arthritis patients living in rural towns.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2013

Apple ring rot disease, caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug. ex. Fr) Ces. et de Not., is one of the most important diseases on apple fruits. In this study, strain 9001 isolated from healthy apple fruits from an infested orchard was evaluated for its biocontrol activity against apple ring rot in vitro and in vivo. Strain 9001 showed obvious antagonistic activity to B. dothidea YL-1 when plated on potato dextrose agar. Soaking healthy apples in the bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 prior to artificial inoculation of fungal pathogen resulted in a dramatic decrease in disease incidence when compared to the control. Moreover, either field application in the growth season or postharvest treatment of apples from infected orchards with bacterial suspensions of strain 9001 resulted in significantly reduced disease incidence within the storage period for 4 months at room temperature. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and the gyrA gene, strain 9001 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. These results indicated that B. amyloliquefaciens 9001 could be a promising agent in biocontrol of apple ring rot on fruit, which might help to minimize the yield loss of apple fruit during the long postharvest period.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2018

Purpose: To find the effect of visual feedback of head angle with using a mobile posture-aware system on craniocervical angle and neck and shoulder muscles fatigue for preventing or decreasing the forward head posture. Methods: Twenty-four healthy young adults in Chungbuk to participate in this study. The subjects started to watch a movie clip for 10 minutes with visual feedback in $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, and $60^{\circ}$ of head angles. During the task, surface electromyography (EMG) was used to collect data from the upper trapezius (UT), sternocleidomasetoid muscle (SCM), cervical erecter spinae (CES) during watching the smartphone. Craniocervical angles were measured using a sagittal-view photograph of the subject in a sitting posture. A one-way repeated analysis of variance with a significant level of 0.05 used for statistical analysis. Results: Craniocervical angle with $0^{\circ}$ visual feedback was significantly greater than $30^{\circ}$ and $60^{\circ}$. Craniocervical angle with $30^{\circ}$ visual feedback was significantly greater than $60^{\circ}$. In addition, MDF of UT muscles in $0^{\circ}$ and $30^{\circ}$ of visual feedback was significantly greater than $60^{\circ}$. Conclusion: We concluded that $0^{\circ}$ visual feedback of head angle with using a mobile posture-aware system would be beneficial to prevent or decrease forward head posture during watching a smartphone. We also could recommend using of $30^{\circ}$ visual feedback in case of caring UT muscle fatigue primarily.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Objective : This study aims to examine the association between exposure to suicide events and suicide ideation by analyzing the levels of suicide ideation among the groups with exposure to suicide death, non-suicide death, and no death in their social relationships. Methods : Data were derived from Wave I of the Longitudinal Study of Suicide Survivors' Mental Health. 1,998 adults nationwide selected using a stratified sampling method based on the Korean Census Data, were categorized into 3 groups with exposure to suicidal death, non-suicidal death, and no death. The levels of depression (Brief CES-D), subjective health status, and suicidal ideation (SSI) were measured. To examine the association between exposure to suicide and the level of suicide ideation, multiple regression analysis was used after controlling the socio-demographic and clinical factors including subjective health status and depression. Results : 32% reported their exposure to suicide. Compared to the other groups, the suicide-exposed group's level of depression and suicide ideation were significantly higher but the subjective health status was lower. Multiple regression model revealed that suicide exposure had a statistically significant association with suicidal ideation at p=0.000 even after controlling the clinical characteristics. Conclusion : HThe findings suggest that exposure to suicide is a risk factor for suicidal ideation. In the clinical field, it is necessary to consider patients' experience in exposure to suicide while treating and intervening in suicide-related cases. At the policy level, a mental health system for suicide prevention should consider this risk factor for those exposed to suicide in their family and social relationships.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.381-391
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the intervention model development of health promotion for women workers working in the traditional marketplace, using community capacity building framework. Methods: Need assessment of the target population, work-related environment investigation, social network group building, and setting health management in the marketplace were performed. Then the interventions including cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health, and psychological health were conducted. The results were evaluated using NCEP-ATP III(National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III), OWAS, and CES-D. Results: It was found that the intervention program for the vulnerable group in marketplace was appropriate, promoting the improvement of metabolic syndrome and the reduction of pain complaints. Therefore, the intervention framework for health promotion of women workers in the marketplace was developed. Work-related environment assessment also was included in the framework development. Several community capacity building strategies, including developing community resources and promoting partnership, making small social network group, and promoting program participation. Conclusion: It is suggested that occupational health nurses and professionals consider the appropriateness of intervention framework development after identifying the needs of women workers' work-related environmental problems.