• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 2017

In this study, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) producer isolates genome were compared with genome of pathogenic and commensal Escherichia coli strains. Conserved genomic signatures among different types of CDT producer E. coli strains were assessed. It was shown that they could be used as biomarkers for research purposes and clinical diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction, or in vaccine development. cdt genes and several other genetic biomarkers were identified as signature sequences in CDT producer strains. The identified signatures include several individual phage proteins (holins, nucleases, and terminases, and transferases) and multiple members of different protein families (the lambda family, phage-integrase family, phage-tail tape protein family, putative membrane proteins, regulatory proteins, restriction-modification system proteins, tail fiber-assembly proteins, base plate-assembly proteins, and other prophage tail-related proteins). In this study, a sporadic phylogenic pattern was demonstrated in the CDT-producing strains. In conclusion, conserved signature proteins in a wide range of pathogenic bacterial strains can potentially be used in modern vaccine-design strategies.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 CDT(Conventional Double Trench) MOSFET보다 스위칭 시간과 손실이 적은 1700 V EPDT(Extended P+ shielding floating gate Double Trench) MOSFET 구조를 제안하였다. 제안한 EPDT MOSFET 구조는 CDT MOSFET에서 소스 Trench의 P+ shielding 영역을 늘리고 게이트를 N+와 플로팅 P- 폴리실리콘 게이트로 나누었다. Sentaurus TCAD 시뮬레이션을 통해 두 구조를 비교한 결과 온 저항은 거의 차이가 없었으나 Crss(게이트-드레인 간 커패시턴스)는 게이트에 0 V 인가 시에는 CDT MOSFET 대비 32.54 % 줄었고 7 V 인가 시에는 65.5 % 감소하였다. 결과적으로 스위칭 시간 및 손실은 각각 45 %, 32.6 % 줄어 스위칭 특성이 크게 개선되었다.

• 대한조현병학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between clock-drawing test (CDT) performance and neuropsychological functions in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls participated in this study. The CDT was administered in three conditions and analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative scoring systems. Comprehensive neuropsychological tests were administered. Results: The results of the quantitative analysis showed that the schizophrenia group performed significantly worse in all three conditions of the CDT compared with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups, when the IQ and educational level were controlled. The qualitative analysis showed that the schizophrenia group exhibited significantly more errors in "graphic difficulty" compared with the control group. In addition, CDT quantitative scores were significantly correlated with visuospatial function, memory, attention and executive functions in patients with schizophrenia. Conversely, each qualitative error type was correlated with specific cognitive domains. Furthermore, "graphic difficulty" and "spatial/planning deficit" were identified as predictors of depression symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the CDT is useful for assessing cognitive dysfunctions in patients with schizophrenia, while qualitative analyses provide more specific information about cognitive deficits compared with quantitative analyses.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.288-304
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• 2023

Background Untreated lymphedema of an extremity leads to an increase in volume. The therapy of this condition can be conservative or surgical. Methods "Lymphological liposculpture" is a two-part procedure consisting of resection and conservative follow-up treatment to achieve curative volume adjustment of the extremities in secondary lymphedema. This treatment significantly reduces the need for complex decongestive therapy (CDT). From 2005 to 2020, 3,184 patients with secondary lymphedema after breast cancer and gynecological tumors were treated in our practice and clinic. "Lymphological liposculpture" was applied to 65 patients, and the data were recorded and evaluated by means of perometry and questionnaires. Results The alignment of the sick to the healthy side was achieved in all patients. In 58.42% (n = 38), the CDT treatment could be completely stopped postoperatively; in another 33.82% (n = 22) of the patients, a permanent reduction of the CDT was achieved. In 7.69% (n = 5) patients, the postoperative CDT could not be reduced. A total of 92.30% (n = 60) of the patients described a lasting significant improvement in their quality of life. Conclusion "Lymphological liposculpture" is a standardized curative sustainable procedure for secondary lymphedema for volume adjustment of the extremities and reduction of postoperative CDT with eminent improvement of the quality of life.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.31-34
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 선관통형 균열을 포함하는 정사각형 평판과 선관통형 균열이 연속체 손상이론을 이용에서 구한 유효 직교 이방성 탄성 물성치의 등가 연속체 모델로 대체된 평판의 모드형상과 고유진동수를 비교하여 SEEP에 기반하여 Lee 등이 [5] 제안한 연속체 손상이론을 검증하였다.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.30-41
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• 2007

The backbone molecular dynamics of the C-terminal part of the mouse Cdt1 protein (tCdt1, residues 420-557) was studied by high field NMR spectroscopy. The Secondary structure of this protein was suggested by analyzing of chemical shift of backbone atoms with programs TALOS and PECAN, together with NOE connectivities from 3D $^{15}N-HSQC-NOESY$ data. Measurement of dynamic parameters $T_1,\;T_2$ and NOE and limited proteolysis experiment provided information for domain organization of tCdt1(420-557). Analysis of the experimental data showed that the C-terminal part of the tCdt1 has well folded domain for residues 455-553. The residues 420-453 including ${\alpha}-helix$ (432-441) are flexible and probably belong to other functional domain in intact full length Cdt1 protein.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.541-547
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• 2018

흉부 디지털 단층합성(chest digital tomosynthesis, CDT) 검사 시 관전압 및 감도(sensitivity) 변화에 의한 선량감소 효과와 정량적 평가로 선량 최적화 조건을 평가하고자 한다. 관전압 125 kV, 135 kV 설정에 따른 sensitivity 200, 320, 400 변화하여 팬텀의 CDT 영상을 획득하였다. 감도와 관전압 변화 따른 선량과 면적선량(DAP)을 평가하였다. 화질평가는 최대신호 대 잡음비(PSNR), 대조도 대 잡음비(CNR), 신호 대 잡음비(SNR)를 image J를 이용하여 분석하였다. 선량은 14~23%, 면적선량은 13~26% 정도 sensitivity 200, 125 kV에 비해 측정치가 낮아졌고, sensitivity 가 높아짐에 따라 감소율 커짐을 알 수 있었다. PSNR은 27dB 이상으로 모두 의미 있는 수치였고, CNR, SNR은 sensitivity가 낮을수록 우수했으나, 항목마다 통계의 유의성은 달랐다. CNR과 SNR 모두 sensitivity 320, 135 kV가 sensitivity 200, 125 kV와 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p>0.05). CDT는 감도, 관전압과 디지털 촬영의 장비의 장점인 보정능력을 이용하여 더 작은 선량으로 화질을 유지 시킬 수 있다.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2020

Purpose : This study aims to evaluate the correlation of cognitive function, activities of daily living (ADL), and driving performance in stroke hemiplegic patients residing in Korea. Methods : Subjects of the study were 18 stroke hemiplegic patients admitted to hospitals situated in Seoul. A clock drawing test (CDT), a modified Barthel index (MBI), and a virtual reality driving simulator (Eca faros-driving simulator) were used to examine their cognitive function, their ADL ability, and their driving skills, respectively. Results : Driving skills of stroke hemiplegic patients were shown to be associated with the CDT evaluation tool (r=-.777) (p<.001), but they were found to have any correlation with MBI (r=-.022) (p>.05). Additionally, an individual's CDT showed that the driving simulator evaluation result (pass/fail) could be discriminated with a sensitivity of 100.0 %, a specificity of 40.0 %, and an accuracy of 66.7 %. The result confirmed that the CDT is a useful evaluation tool for screening driving ability in people with stroke. But the MBI did not show any significant results (sensitivity of 62.5 %, specificity of 40.0 %, and predicted the results of the simulator with 50.0 % of accuracy) (p>.05). Conclusion : This study shows that cognitive function influences the driving performance in people with stroke. Driving skills of stroke hemiplegic patients are seen to be highly related to CDT. In the field of driving rehabilitation, these findings could be useful for evaluating driving skills relating to CDT. Furthermore, the study results will set a guideline for domestic occupational therapists to use the evaluation tool for assessing driving abilities in people with stroke.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2014

The prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter (C.) spp. in stray, breeding, and household dogs was 25.2, 12.0, and 8.8%, respectively. C. jejuni and C. upsaliensis were the predominant Campylobacter spp. from household dogs. cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC were detected by PCR in all isolates. Despite the high cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) gene prevalence, only 26 (31%) C. jejuni strains and one (15.3%) C. coli strain showed evidence of CDT production in HEp-2 cell cytotoxicity assays. Virulence-associated genes detected in the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates were cadF, dnaJ, flaA, racR, ciaB, iamA, pldA, virB11, ceuE, and docC. cadF, dnaJ, flaA, and ceuE were found in all C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. When detecting Guillain-Barr$\acute{e}$ syndrome-associated genes (galE, cgtB, and wlaN), galE was identified in all isolates. However, cgtB and wlaN were more prevalent in C. jejuni isolates from humans than those from dogs. Adherence and invasion abilities of the C. jejuni and C. coli strains were tested in INT-407 cells. A considerable correlation (adjusted $R^2$= 0.678) existed between adherence and invasion activities of the Campylobacter spp. isolates.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2006

Objectives : Biochemical markers can provide an objective evidence of heavy alcohol drinking. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the usefulness of biological markers detecting alcohol dependence, such as mean corpuscular volume(MCV), gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT), and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin(CDT) in the patients of an alcohol counseling center. Methods : This study was done with 64 patients with alcohol dependence and 36 healthy subjects. Relative values(%) of CDT were determined in their sera with turbidimetric immunoassay(Bio-Rad %CDT assay, Axis-Shield ASA, Oslo, Norway), and were compared with conventional markers of alcohol consumption, GGT and MCV. Results : Among the patients with alcohol dependence, 78.1% showed abnormal %CDT levels compared with GGT(61.9%) and MCV(20.7%). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves(95% confidence interval) for %CDT, GGT, and MCV were 0.934(0.866-0.973), 0.871(0.789-0.930), and 0.575 (0.472-0.673), respectively. Conclusion : %CDT seems to be the most reliable biological marker for the detection and monitoring of alcohol consumption in the patients with alcohol dependence of the alcohol counseling center.