• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2017

This paper describes a CMOS image sensor (CIS) with dual correlated double sampling (CDS) and column-parallel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and its measurement method using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated module. The CIS is composed of a $320{\times}240$ pixel array with $3.2{\mu}m{\times}3.2{\mu}m$ pixels and column-parallel 10-bit single-slope ADCs. It is fabricated in a $0.11-{\mu}m$ CIS process, and consumes 49.2 mW from 1.5 V and 3.3 V power supplies while operating at 6.25 MHz. The measured dynamic range is 53.72 dB, and the total and column fixed pattern noise in a dark condition are 0.10% and 0.029%. The maximum integral nonlinearity and the differential nonlinearity of the ADC are +1.15 / -1.74 LSB and +0.63 / -0.56 LSB, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 1995

The capacity of inclusion complex formation between ${\alpha}$-, ${\beta}$-, ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrins(CDs) and various compounds, such as pH indicators, biloslalns, glycoside, amino acid, and fatty acids, was compared. Fatty acid was identified as the most suitable ligand for fractionation of CDs in terms of capacity and selectivity. The effects of complex formation conditions, such as, mixing ratio of CD and fatty acid, pH, ionic strength, and temperature, on the capacity of fatty acrid-CD complex was also investigated. The carbon number of fatty acids was identified as the most significant factor determining the capacity and selectivity of inclusion complex formation of CDs. Capric acid(C10) and palmitic acid(C16) showed high specificity for ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-CDs, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the molar ratio of complex formed was found to be 1.0:2.6 for ${\alpha}$-CD/capric acid and 1.0:1.9 for ${\beta}$-CD/palmitic acid. X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum of the formed inclusion complex were analyzed. The changes of enthalpy($\Delta$H) of the inclusion complex formation reaction was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry, showed that the reaction was endothermic.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-77
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• 1990

The change of phosphatase activities of the epididymal spermatozoa has been examined during epididymal maturation in mouse. The quantitative analysis of phQsphatase activities have been carried out using the method modified by Emst(1975). The results of experiment were summarized as the followings. Total protein of the caput epididyrnal spermatozoa(CPS) was measured as 59.1 $\pm$8.4(mg/10 9 spermatozoa), and that of the cauda epididymal spermatozoa(CDS) was 14.0$\pm$12.3(mg/10 9 spermatozoa). When phosphatase activities of the CDS in basic reaction medium were 29.2% in alkaline phosphatase, 44.9% in ATPse and 53.8% in acid phosphatase. The activities were eminently decreased in all CDS in contrast to those of CPS. The alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activities of K+ -dependent were decreased in CDS when compared with caput epididymal spermatozoa, and alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and acid phosphatase activities of $Ca^2$+ -dependent were increased in homogenized spermatozoa when compared with intact spermatozoa. From these results, it may be concluded that the decrease of phosphatases activities in spermatozoa during epididymal maturation may play some significant roles in acquiring fertilizing capability.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 1998

To increase the solubility of quercetin, which is a practically insoluble flavonoid of Ginkgo biloba leaf, the effects of nonaqueous vehicles. Their cosolvents, water-sol uble polymers and modified cyclodextrins (CDs) were observed. Polyethylene glycols, diethyleneglycol monoethyl ether, and their cosolvents with water showed a good solvency toward quercetin. Also the aqueous solutions of povidone, copolyvidone and Cremophor RH 40 was effective in solubilizing quercetin. Complex formation of quercetin with ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (${\beta}$-CD), dimethyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextiin (DMCD), 2-hydroxypropyl-${\beta}$-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether (SBCD) in water was investigated by solubility method at $37^{\circ}C$. The addition of CDs in water markedly increased the solubility of quercetin with increasing the concentration. AL type phase solubility diagrams were obtained with CDs studied. Solubilizaton efficiency by CDs was in the order of SBCD >> DMCD > HPCD > ${\beta}$-CD. The dissolution rates of quercetin from solid dispersions with copolyvidone, povidone and HPCD were much faster than those of drug alone and corresponding physical mixtures, and exceeded the equilibrium solubility (3.03${\pm}1.72{\mu}$g/ml). The permeation of quercetin through duodenal mucosa did not occur even in the presence of enhancers such as bile salts, but the permeation was observed when the mucus layer was scraped off. This was due to the fact that quercetin had a strong binding to mucin ($58.5{\mu}$g/mg mucin). However rutin was permeable to the duodenal mucosa. The addition of enhancer significantly increased the permeation of rutin in the order of sodium glycocholate.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.10 no.spc
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• pp.56-65
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• 2022

Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI) is a Worldwide LHC Computing Grid (WLCG) Tier-1 center mandated to preserve raw data produced from A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) experiment using the world's largest particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). Physical medium used widely for long-term data preservation is tape, thanks to its reliability and least price per capacity compared to other media such as optical disk, hard disk, and solid-state disk. However, decreasing numbers of manufacturers for both tape drives and cartridges, and patent disputes among them escalated risk of market. As alternative to tape-based data preservation strategy, we proposed disk-only erasure-coded archival storage system, Custodial Disk Storage (CDS), powered by Exascale Open Storage (EOS), an open-source storage management software developed by CERN. CDS system consists of 18 high density Just-Bunch-Of-Disks (JBOD) enclosures attached to 9 servers through 12 Gbps Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) Host Bus Adapter (HBA) interfaces via multiple paths for redundancy and multiplexing. For data protection, we introduced Reed-Solomon (RS) (16, 4) Erasure Coding (EC) layout, where the number of data and parity blocks are 12 and 4 respectively, which gives the annual data loss probability equivalent to 5×10^-14. In this paper, we discuss CDS system design based on JBOD products, performance limitations, and data protection strategy accommodating EOS EC implementation. We present CDS operations for ALICE experiment and long-term power consumption measurement.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.733-740
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• 2014

A resistive micro Pirani gauge using amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin membrane is proposed. The proposed Pirani gauge can be easily integrated with the other process-compatible membrane-type sensors, and can be applicable for in-situ vacuum monitoring inside the vacuum package without an additional process. The vacuum level is measured by the resistance changes of the membrane using the low noise correlated double sampling (CDS) capacitive trans-impedance amplifier (CTIA). The measured vacuum range of the Pirani gauge is 0.1 to 10 Torr. The sensitivity and non-linearity are measured to be 78 mV / Torr and 0.5% in the pressure range of 0.1 to 10 Torr. The output noise level is measured to be $268{\mu}V_{rms}$ in 0.5 Hz to 50 Hz, which is 41.2% smaller than conventional CTIA.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 2014

How to transfer spatial data from server to client in wireless broadcasting environment is shown as following: A server arranges data information that client wants and transfers data by one-dimensional array for broadcasting cycle. Client listens data transferred by the server and returns resulted value only to server. Recently number of users using location-based services is increasing alongside number of objects, and data volume is changing into large amount. Large volume of data in wireless broadcasting environment may increase query time of client. Therefore, we propose Client based Data Scheduling (CDS) for efficient data scheduling in wireless broadcasting environment. CDS divides map and then calculates total sum of objects for each grid by considering number of objects and data size within divided grids. It carries out data scheduling by applying hot-cold method considering total data size of objects for each grid and number of client. It's proved that CDS reduces average query processing time for client compared to existing method.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.155-164
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• 2018

We present various infrared two-color diagrams (2CDs) using WISE data for asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars and Planetary Nebulae (PNe) and investigate possible evolutionary tracks. We use the sample of 5036 AGB stars, 660 post-AGB stars, and 2748 PNe in our Galaxy. For each object, we cross-identify the IRAS, AKARI, WISE, and 2MASS counterparts. To investigate the spectral evolution from AGB stars to PNe, we compare the theoretical model tracks of AGB stars and post-AGB stars with the observations on the IR 2CDs. We find that the theoretical dust shell model tracks can roughly explain the observations of AGB stars, post-AGB stars, and PNe on the various IR 2CDs. WISE data are useful in studying the evolution of AGB stars and PNe, especially for dim objects. We find that most observed color indices generally increase during the evolution from AGB stars to PNe. We also find that $Fe_{0.9}Mg_{0.1}O$ dust is useful to fit the observed WISE W3-W4 colors for O-rich AGB stars with thin dust shells.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2017

Objectives: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the ability of a desensitizing agent and a self-etch adhesive on cervical dentin sensitivity (CDS) after periodontal surgery. Materials and Methods: Ninety hypersensitive teeth of 13 subjects were included in the study. After periodontal surgery, the teeth of each posterior sextant treated with one of the following materials: G1: Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (Kuraray Dental), G2: Gluma Desensitizer (Heraeus Kulzer), and G3: placebo (water). The sensitivity was assessed using evaporative stimuli before treatment (baseline, T0), 1 day after treatment (T1), after 1 week (T2), and 1 month (T3) according to visual analog scale (VAS). Results: Following the treatment, all the 3 groups showed significant reduction of CDS in T1 compared to T0. Reduction of CDS between T1 and T2 was observed only in G1 but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 in this group. Although we observed a significant difference in T3 compared to T1 and T2 in G2 and G3, comparison of treatment groups in each assessment time showed a significant difference only in T3. According to paired comparison, this was due to the difference between G2 and G3. Conclusions: Dentin sensitivity following periodontal surgery will decrease spontaneously over time, but treating the sensitive teeth with Gluma Desensitizer and Clearfil $S^3$ Bond can have some benefits.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.1 s.60
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

It has been generally known that liposomes become unstable when they contain cyclodextrins (CDs). Our present studies demonstrate that these liposomes can be stable by association of amphiphilic polyelectrolytes. Transmission electron microscopy and photocorrelation spectroscopy results showed that polymer-associated liposomes containing CDs (${\beta}-CD$(${\beta}CD$) and hydroxypropyl-${\beta}CD$ ($HP{\beta}CD$)) were more stable than phosphatidylcholine (PC)-cholesterol (Chol) liposomes containing these CDs. We also compared the stability of PC-Chol liposomes with polymer-associated liposomes containing $HP{\beta}CD$ complexed with water-insoluble drug, rhaponticin (Rh). Two liposomes were relatively stable when $HP{\beta}CD$ did not contain Rh, but Rh-$HP{\beta}CD$ complexes triggered the disruption of PC-Chol liposomes. In contrast, polymer-associated Liposomes containing Rh-$HP{\beta}CD$ complexes maintained its stability over 6 months. The skin permeation test demonstrated that drugs solubilized by CDs were delivered better into the skin of guinea pig by using polymer-associated liposomes than by using PC-Chol liposomes. Above results showed that polymer-associated liposomes gave an effective way to stabilize the liposomes containing drug-loaded CDs, which gives an application of liposomes in drug delivery systems.