• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2177-2185
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• 2015

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women around the world. About one in 12 women in the West develop breast cancer at some point in life. It is estimated that 5%-10% of all breast cancer cases in women are linked to hereditary susceptibility due to mutations in autosomal dominant genes. The two key players associated with high breast cancer risk are mutations in BRCA 1 and BRCA 2. Another highly important mutation can occur in TP53 resulting in a triple negative breast cancer. However, the great majority of breast cancer cases are not related to a mutated gene of high penetrance, but to genes of low penetrance such as CHEK2, CDH1, NBS1, RAD50, BRIP1 and PALB2, which are frequently mutated in the general population. In this review, we discuss the entire spectrum of mutations which are associated with breast cancer.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.116-120
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• 2003

The genus Paracalanus Boeck, 1864 dominate zooplankton communities in waters off Korean peninsula. Zooplankton samples collected from four waters (Uljin, Hadong, Youngkwang, Cheju) were sorted for specimens belonging to the genus Paracalanus. Paracalanus sp. regarded to p. paMus or p. indicus were examined. Body of male has cephalosome dorsal hump (CDH). Urosomites have four segments in female and five segments in male. In male, antennule is symmetry and fused without geniculation. The male antennule carries more aesthetascs than those in female antennule. Female P1-P4 is similar to those of male in seta and spine formular. Spinules on surface of legs are different each other. The female P5 is symmetrical, and composed of 2 segment. In male, it is aymmetrical and left leg composed of 5 segments, right leg 2-segmented. Male found patch of fine spinule on terminal inner surface of outer process on fifth segment. Sexual dimorphism appear saliently in mouth appendages. Mandible lacks of gnathobase; maxillule is apparently reduced; maxilla degrades it i]l female and remains vestiges between maxillule and maxilliped; maxilliped terminal part indistinctly articulated and carrying behind three strong plumose setae. With the absence of gnathobase in male, we conclude that male Paracalanus sp. does not feed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-231
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• 2022

Adiponectin (Ad), a 30 kDa molecule, is an anti-diabetic adipokine; although derived from adipose tissue, it performs numerous activities in various other tissues. It binds to its own receptors, namely adiponectin receptor 1(AdipoR1), adiponectin receptor 2 (AdipoR2), and T-cadherin (CDH13). Ad plays several roles, especially as a regulator. It modulates lipid and glucose metabolism and promotes insulin sensitivity. This demonstrates that Ad has a robust correlation with fat metabolism. Furthermore, although Ad is not in direct contact with other tissues, including the skin, it can be delivered to them by diffusion or secretion via the endocrine system. Recently it has been reported that Ad can impact skin cell biology, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic biomarker of skin diseases. In the present review, we have discussed the association between skin cell biology and Ad. To elaborate further, we described the involvement of Ad in the biology of various types of cells in the skin, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and immune cells. Additionally, we postulated that Ad could be employed as a therapeutic target to maintain skin homeostasis.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4576-4598
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• 2018

In big data age, flexible and affordable cloud storage service greatly enhances productivity for enterprises and individuals, but spontaneously has their outsourced data susceptible to integrity breaches. Provable Data Possession (PDP) as a critical technology, could enable data owners to efficiently verify cloud data integrity, without downloading entire copy. To address challenging integrity problem on multiple clouds for multiple owners, an identity-based batch PDP scheme was presented in ProvSec 2016, which attempted to eliminate public key certificate management issue and reduce computation overheads in a secure and batch method. In this paper, we firstly demonstrate this scheme is insecure so that any clouds who have outsourced data deleted or modified, could efficiently pass integrity verification, simply by utilizing two arbitrary block-tag pairs of one data owner. Specifically, malicious clouds are able to fabricate integrity proofs by 1) universally forging valid tags and 2) recovering data owners' private keys. Secondly, to enhance the security, we propose an improved scheme to withstand these attacks, and prove its security with CDH assumption under random oracle model. Finally, based on simulations and overheads analysis, our batch scheme demonstrates better efficiency compared to an identity based multi-cloud PDP with single owner effort.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2022

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) is an N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) RNA modification regulator and a key determinant of prem-RNA processing, mRNA metabolism and transportation in cells. Currently, m⁶A reader proteins such as hnRNPA2/B1 and YTHDF2 has functional roles in mice embryo. However, the role of hnRNPA2/B1 in porcine embryogenic development are unclear. Here, we investigated the developmental competence and mRNA expression levels in porcine parthenogenetic embryos after hnRNPA2/B1 knock-down. HhnRNPA2/B1 was localized in the nucleus during subsequent embryonic development since zygote stage. After hnRNPA2/B1 knock-down using double stranded RNA injection, blastocyst formation rate decreased than that in the control group. Moreover, hnRNPA2/B1 knock-down embryos show developmental delay after compaction. In blastocyste stage, total cell number was decreased. Interestingly, gene expression patterns revealed that transcription of Pou5f1, Sox2, TRFP2C, Cdx2 and PARD6B decreased without changing the junction protein, ZO1, OCLN, and CDH1. Thus, hnRNPA2/B1 is necessary for porcine early embryo development by regulating gene expression through epigenetic RNA modification.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5663-5669
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• 2013

The histone methyltransferase EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) plays critical roles in prostate cancer (PCa) development and is a potential target for PCa treatment. Triptolide possesses anti-tumor activity, but it is unknown whether its therapeutic effect relates with EZH2 in PCa. Here we described EZH2 as a target for Triptolide in PCa cells. Our data showed that Triptolide suppressed PCa cell growth and reduced the expression of EZH2. Overexpression of EZH2 attenuated the Triptolide induced cell growth inhibition. Moreover, Triptolide treatment of PC-3 cells resulted in elevated mRNA levels of target genes (ADRB2, CDH1, CDKN2A and DAB2IP) negatively regulated by EZH2 as well as reduced mRNA levelsan of EZH2 positively regulated gene (cyclin D1). Our findings suggest the PCa cell growth inhibition mediated by Triptolide might be associated with downregulation of EZH2 expression and the subsequent modulation of target genes.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.266-272
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• 2006

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common disorders by under pressure of the median nerve at the wrist in these days. However, pathological mechanism of CTS is unknown. We carried out this study to identify the changes of gene expression and to evaluate possible mechanism in CTS. 120 CTS patients and 30 control patients were included in this study. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypertension, thyroid diseases, and arthritis were excluded. CTS patients were divided to three experimental groups-Mild, Moderate, and Severe group-according to elecrodiagnosis. Radioactive cDNA microarrays (Nylon membrane including 1,152 genes) were used to examine the difference of gene expression profile in CTS. We identified up-regulated genes by more than 2.0 value of z-ratio, and down-regulated genes by less than-2.0 value of z-ratio. 20 genes such as the ITGAL, ITGAM, PECAM1, VIL2, TGFBR2, RAB7, RNF5 and NFKB1 were up-regulated, and 28 genes such as PRG5, CASP8, CDH1, IGFBP5, CBX3, HREV107, PIN, and WINT2 were down-regulated. These genes were related with TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-Kb signaling pathway, antiapoptotic pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. However, there were no differences in gene expression profiles according to severities of symptoms. We suggest that CTS could be related with proinflammatory mechanism and antiapoptotic mechanism.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.293-305
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• 2020

The difference in the breeding programs and population history may have diversely shaped the genomes of Korean native cattle breeds. In the absence of phenotypic data, comparisons of breeds that have been subjected to different selective pressures can aid to identify genomic regions and genes controlling qualitative and complex traits. In this study to decipher genetic variation and identify evidence of divergent selection, 3 Korean cattle breeds were genotyped using the recently developed high-density GeneSeek Genomic Profiler F250 (GGP-F250) array. The three Korean cattle breeds clustered according to their coat color phenotypes and breeding programs. The Heugu breed reliably showed smaller effective population size at all generations considered. Across the autosomal chromosomes, 113 and 83 annotated genes were identified from Hanwoo-Chikso and Hanwoo-Heugu comparisons, respectively of which 16 genes were shared between the two pairwise comparisons. The most important signals of selection were detected on bovine chromosomes 14 (24.39-25.13 Mb) and 18 (13.34-15.07 Mb), containing genes related to body size, and coat color (XKR4, LYN, PLAG1, SDR16C5, TMEM68, CDH15, MC1R, and GALNS). Some of the candidate genes are also associated with meat quality traits (ACSF3, EIF2B1, BANP, APCDD1, and GALM) and harbor quantitative trait locus (QTL) for beef production traits. Further functional analysis revealed that the candidate genes (DBI, ACSF3, HINT2, GBA2, AGPAT5, SCAP, ELP6, APOB, and RBL1) were involved in gene ontology (GO) terms relevant to meat quality including fatty acid oxidation, biosynthesis, and lipid storage. Candidate genes previously known to affect beef production and quality traits could be used in the beef cattle selection strategies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious trans-boundary viral disease caused by FMD virus, which causes huge economic losses. FMDV infects cloven hoofed (two-toed) mammals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and various wildlife species. To control the FMDV, it is necessary to understand the life cycle and the pathogenesis of FMDV in host. Especially, the protein-protein interaction between FMDV and host will help to understand the survival cycle of viruses in host cell and establish new therapeutic strategies. However, the computational approach for protein-protein interaction between FMDV and pig hosts have not been applied to studies of the onset mechanism of FMDV. In the present work, we have performed the prediction of the pig's proteins which interact with FMDV based on RNA-Seq data, protein sequence, and structure information. After identifying the virus-host interaction, we looked for meaningful pathways and anticipated changes in the host caused by infection with FMDV. A total of 78 proteins of pig were predicted as interacting with FMDV. The 156 interactions include 94 interactions predicted by sequence-based method and the 62 interactions predicted by structure-based method using domain information. The protein interaction network contained integrin as well as STYK1, VTCN1, IDO1, CDH3, SLA-DQB1, FER, and FGFR2 which were related to the up-regulation of inflammation and the down-regulation of cell adhesion and host defense systems such as macrophage and leukocytes. These results provide clues to the knowledge and mechanism of how FMDV affects the host cell.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.726-739
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• 2024

This study was conducted to investigate whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) could improve the development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. Porcine SCNT-derived embryos were cultured in chemically defined polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based porcine zygote medium (PZM)-4 without or with LPA, and the development, cell proliferation potential, apoptosis, and expression levels of pluripotent markers were evaluated. LPA significantly increased the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation compared to those seen in the LPA un-treatment (control) group. The expression levels of embryonic development-related genes (IGF2R, PCNA and CDH1) were higher (p < 0.05) in the LPA treatment group than in the control group. LPA significantly increased the numbers of total, inner cell mass and EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine)-positive cells in porcine SCNT blastocysts compared to those seen in the control group. TUNEL assay showed that LPA significantly reduced the apoptosis rate in porcine SCNT-derived embryos; this was confirmed by decreases (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of pro-apoptotic genes, BAX and CASP3, and an increase (p < 0.05) in the expression level of the anti-apoptotic gene, BCL2L1. In addition, LPA significantly increased Oct4 expression at the gene and protein levels. Together, our data suggest that LPA improves the quality and development of porcine SCNT-derived embryos by reducing apoptosis and enhancing cell proliferation and pluripotency.