• BMB Reports
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• 제46권9호
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• pp.448-453
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• 2013

CpG-DNA has various immunomodulatory effects in dendritic cells, B cells, and macrophages. While induction of cytokines by CpG-DNA has been well documented in macrophages, the expression of costimulatory molecules in CpG-DNA treated macrophages has not yet been defined. Therefore, we investigated the effects of CpG-DNA on the expression of costimulatory molecules in RAW 264.7 cells. The surface expression of CD80 was slightly increased and CD83 expression was significantly increased in response to CpG-DNA. However, the expression of CD86 and MHC class II was not changed. As expression of CD83 mRNA was also increased by CpG-DNA, CD83 expression is regulated at a transcriptional level. To understand the contribution of signaling pathways to CD83 induction, we used pathway specific inhibitors. The NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibitor significantly reduced surface expression of CD83 as well as phagocytic activity of RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, CD83 expression may contribute to the immunostimulatory effects of CpG-DNA in macrophage cells.

• 대한병리학회지
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.404-410
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• 2018

Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology serves as a safe, economical tool in evaluating thyroid nodules. However, about 30% of the samples are categorized as indeterminate. Hence, many immunocytochemistry markers have been studied, but there has not been a single outstanding marker. We studied the efficacy of CD56 with human bone marrow endothelial cell marker-1 (HBME-1) in diagnosis in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) category III. Methods: We reviewed ThinPrep liquid-based cytology (LBC) samples with Papanicolaou stain from July 1 to December 31, 2016 (2,195 cases) and selected TBSRTC category III cases (n=363). Twenty-six cases were histologically confirmed as benign (six cases, 23%) or malignant (20 cases, 77%); we stained 26 LBC slides with HBME-1 and CD56 through the cell transfer method. For evaluation of reactivity of immunocytochemistry, we chose atypical follicular cell clusters. Results: CD56 was not reactive in 18 of 20 cases (90%) of malignant nodules and showed cytoplasmic positivity in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. CD56 showed high sensitivity (90.0%) and relatively low specificity (83.3%) in detecting malignancy (p=.004). HBME-1 was reactive in 17 of 20 cases (85%) of malignant nodules and was not reactive in five of six cases (83%) of benign nodules. HBME-1 showed slightly lower sensitivity (85.0%) than CD56. The specificity in detecting malignancy by HBME-1 was similar to that of CD56 (83.3%, p=.008). CD56 and HBME-1 tests combined showed lower sensitivity (75.0% vs 90%) and higher specificity (93.8% vs 83.3%) in detecting malignancy compared to using CD56 alone. Conclusions: Using CD56 alone showed relatively low specificity despite high sensitivity for detecting malignancy. Combining CD56 with HBME-1 could increase the specificity. Thus, we suggest that CD56 could be a useful preoperative marker for differential diagnosis of TBSRTC category III samples.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권9호
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• pp.538-543
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• 2012

We evaluated the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD83 and major histocompatibility (MHC) class II induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. In contrast to the previously reported effect of DNFB on dendritic cells, CD86 expression did not change. Furthermore, we observed that the CD83 expression level transiently increased and then decreased. Induction of CD80 and MHC class II molecule expression and a decrease in CD83 expression by DNFB in vitro were also confirmed in splenocytes of BALB/c and NC/Nga mice. However, DNFB did not influence CD83 expression in peritoneal $CD11b^+$ cells from BALB/c or NC/Nga mice. Detailed in vivo experiments and further studies on the possible contribution of $CD11b^+$ cells to induce atopic dermatitis (AD) would be helpful to attain a better understanding of AD pathogenesis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

Purpose: Early identification of neonatal sepsis is a global issue because of limitations in diagnostic procedures. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil CD64 and C-reactive protein (CRP) as a single test for the early detection of neonatal sepsis. Methods: A prospective study enrolled newborns with documented sepsis (n=11), clinical sepsis (n=12) and control newborns (n=14). CRP, neutrophil CD64, complete blood counts and blood culture were taken at the time of the suspected sepsis for the documented or clinical group and at the time of venipuncture for laboratory tests in control newborns. Neutrophil CD64 was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: CD64 was significantly elevated in the groups with documented or clinical sepsis, whereas CRP was not significantly increased compared with controls. For documented sepsis, CD64 and CRP had a sensitivity of 91% and 9%, a specificity of 83% and 83%, a positive predictive value of 83% and 33% and a negative predictive value of 91% and 50%, respectively, with a cutoff value of 3.0 mg/dL for CD64 and 1.0 mg/dL for CRP. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for CD64 index and CRP were 0.955 and 0.527 ($P$ <0.01), respectively. Conclusion: These preliminary data show that diagnostic accuracy of CD64 is superior to CRP when measured at the time of suspected sepsis, which implies that CD64 is a more reliable marker for the early identification of neonatal sepsis as a single determination compared with CRP.

• 분석과학
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.360-369
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 각종 수중 중금속을 제거할 목적으로 구멍갈파래와 톳에 대한 중금속이온의 흡착속도에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 실험결과 구멍갈파래와 톳에 대한 Cd(II) 및 Pb(II) 이온의 흡착속도는 5분이내로 최대흡착량에 도달하였으며 구멍갈파래에 대한 흡착량이 더 많았다. 구멍갈파래에 대한 흡착율은 pH에 따라 Cd(II) 이온이 15.0~100%, Pb(II) 이온이 39.2~82.5%로 나타났다. 톳은 Cd(II) 이온이 18.3~100%, Pb(II) 이온이 56.4~94.7%로 나타났다. 한편 구멍갈파래에 대한 회수율은 pH에 따라 Cd(II) 이온이 75.0~83.6%, Pb(II) 이온이 79.1~85.5%로 나타났으며, 톳은 Cd(II) 이온이 66.7~85.0%, Pb(II) 이온이 77.6~83.9로 나타났다. 구멍갈파래에 대한 Cd(II) 및 Pb(II) 이온의 흡착량이 톳보다 더 많았다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.83-88
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• 2015

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (CD4+CD25+ Tregs) have been shown to play a regulatory or suppressive role in the immune response and are possibly relevant to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the frequency of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in peripheral blood (PB) of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats during the development of arthritis, to determine whether their frequency is involved in the immunoregulation of this disease. The results showed that normal rats had similar frequencies of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in PB during the experiment time, expressed as a percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells among the CD4+ T lymphocyte population. In contrast, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in CIA rats was found to change during the development of arthritis. In CIA rats, there is a significant negative correlation between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and paw swelling (r=-0.786, p< 0.01). The relationship between the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T and immune activation was not found in normal rats. During the time course, the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T was lower in CIA rats than in normal ones. The data suggest that the frequency of PB CD4+CD25+ Tregs may be a promising marker for arthritis activity.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 1995년도 추계 학술발표 강연 및 논문개요집
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• pp.83-83
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• 1995

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2003

Background: The protective immunity against tuberculosis (TB) involves both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells. In our previous study, we defined four Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived peptide epitopes specific for HLA-$A^*0201$ restricted CD8+ T cells ($ThyA_{30-38}$, $RpoB_{127-135}$, $85B_{15-23}$, $PstA1_{75-83}$). In this study, we investigated the immune responses induced by these peptide specific CD8+ T cells in latently and chronically infected people with TB. Methods: We characterized these peptide specific CD8+ T cell population present in PBMC of both TB patients and PPD+healthy people using IFN-${\gamma}$elispot assay, intracellular staining and HLA-A2 dimer staining. Results: The frequency of peptide specific CD8+ T cell was in the range of 1 to 25 in $1.7{\times}10^5$ PBMC based on ex vivo IFN-${\gamma}$ elispot assay, demonstrating that these peptide specific CD8+ T cell responses are induced in both TB patients and PPD+ people. Short term cell lines (STCL) specific for these peptides proliferated in vitro and secreted IFN-${\gamma}$ upon antigenic stimulation in PPD+ donors. Lastly, HLA-$A^*0201$ dimer assays indicated that $PstA1_{75-83}$ specific CD8+ T cell population in PPD+ healthy donors is heterogeneous since approximately 25~33% of $PstA1_{75-83}$ specific CD8+ T cell population in PPD+ healthy donors produced IFN-${\gamma}$ upon peptide stimulation. Conclusion: Our results suggest that MHC class I restricted CD8+ T cell mediated immune responses to M. tuberculosis infection are induced in both TB patients and PPD + people; however, the CD8+ T cell population is functionally heterogeneous.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 1997

군산 장항 해안지역의 중금속 오염실태를 파악하기 위하여 해수, 해안저질토 및 어패류중 중금속함량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수중 중금속 평균함량은 Pb 2.35, Cd 0.52, Cu 2.09, Zn 13.65, $Hg\;0.24\;{\mu}g/l$이었다. 해안저질토중 중금속 평균함량은 Pb 19.49, Cd 0.15, Cu 9.31, Zn 20.07, Hg 0.136 mg/kg이었으며, 각 조사지점 별로 중금속함량간에 차이를 나타내고 있었다. 어류의 건물중 Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg평균함량은 풀망독(Acantogobius hasta)에서 각각 1.08, 0.05, 2.24, 58.14, 0.151 mg/kg이었으며, 숭어(Mugil cephalus)에서 각각 1.63, 0.05, 1.51, 32.69, 0.065 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 풀망독 및 숭어에서 Pb, Cu의 경우는 비슷한 축적률을 보이고 있으나 풀망독이 숭어에 비해 Zn과 Hg에서 2배 이상 높은 축적률을 보였다. 패류의 건물중 Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Hg 평균함량은 가무락(Cyclina sinensis)에서 각각 1.03, 1.23, 6.83, 75.83, 0.071 mg/kg이었으며, 반지락(Ruditpes philippinarum)에서 각각 0.93, 0.86, 5.90, 52.16, 0.074 mg/kg으로 나타났다. 인근 해수중 평균 중금속함량을 기준으로 계산된 중금속 축적률 순위는 패류종에 관계없이 Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb>Hg 순이었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2000

cAMP 수용성 단백질인 CRP는 Escherichia coli에서 대사와 관련된 유전자의 전사를 조절한다. 본 연구는 야생형과 돌연변이 CRP 단백질의 열적 안정성과 온도에 따른 단백질의 구조변화를 관찰하기 위 하여 proteolytic digestion, UV spectrophotometer, CD spectrapolarimeter 등의 방법을 사용하였다. cAMP가 없을 때에는 야생형, S83G, S128A CRP가 열적 안정성에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, cAMP가 존재할 때 야생형 CRP가 다른 돌연변이 CRP보다 열적으로 더욱 안정함을 보였다. 그리고 protease digestion 실험을 통하여 높은 온도에서 cAMP의 존재와 무관하게 돌연변이 CRP에서 단백질 의 변성으로 인한 절단된 단백질띠를 관찰할 수 있었다. 그리고 55$^{\circ}C$에서 측정한 CD 스펙트럼에서 단백 질의 2차 구조인 $\alpha$-helix 구조가 부분적으로 파괴되었음이 관찰되었다.