• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.765-770
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effects of Undaria pinnatifida Sporophyll, which using methanol, dichloromethane and ethanol were extracted and fractionated into four different types: methanol (UPMM), hexane (UPMH), butanol (UPMB) and aqueous (UPMA). The antimicrobial activity was increased in proportion to its concentration by the paper disc method. Among the solvent fractions, UPMM and UPMB showed relatively strong antimicrobial activities in the order. Among various partition layers, the methanol partition layer (UPMM) was showed the strongest cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines. We also observed quinone reductase (QR) induced effects in all fraction layers of UP on HepG2 cells. The QR induced effects of UPMH on HepG2 cells at $320\mu g/mL$ concentration indicated 2.36 with a control value of 1.0.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1988

To investigate the effects of paper sludge on the growth response of paddy rice, paper sludge was applied to pots at the rate of either 300, 600, 900 or 1,200 kg/l0a which was either preadjusted at a C/N ratio of 30 : 1 or not adjusted. The effects were compared with those of the control. 1. Plant heights, number of tillers and dry weight were significantly reduced with the increasing application of paper sludge in the early stages of rice growth, whereas opposite results were observed after the heading stage when treated with C/N ratio preadjusted paper sludge. 2. The uptake of $N,P_2O_5,K_2O$ and $SiO_2$ by rice plants grown in paper sludge treated soil was significantly reduced in the early stages of rice growth. Conversely, uptake was enhanced in the C/N ratio preadjusted plot in the young panicle formation stage. 3. Zn, Cu and Cd content in rice straw was in the range of $39{\sim}101$, $0{\sim}0.11$ and $0.03{\sim}0.14ppm$, respectively, and Pb and Cr in rice straw were not detected at all. However, there was no difference in the content of all these heavy metals in rice straw irrespective of treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 1988

It is important to assess the effects of ionic strength and type of anions when studying the adsorption of heavy metals on zeolite because the background salt may complex with heavy metals and compete for adsorption sites. This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of ionic strength and anion species($Cl^-$, $SO^{2-}\;_4$, and $ClO^-\;_4$) on heavy metal adsorption. Heavy metal adsorption by zeolite from solutions in the range of 10 to 50ppm was studied in the presence of NaCl, $Na_2SO_4$ and $NaClO_4$, with different concentrations. The ionic strength ranged from 0.01 to 1.00. Adsorption of heavy metal cations could be described by the Freundlich isotherm equation. Increasing the ionic strength of equilibrium solutions, the amounts of heavy metal adsorbed on the zeolite surfaces decreased in all three of the anion systems. This fact could be attributed to the competition of background salt cation and the decrease in initial activity of heavy metal cations. In the presence of Cl anion, less adsorption resulted than in the presence of $SO_4$ or $ClO_4$ anions of the same ionic strength, indicating the presence of uncharged and negatively charged complexes of heavy metal with Cl ligands.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2002

The physical and chemical properties of cover soils of 10 waste landfill sites in Kyonggi-Do area, where social circumstances at present forces to consider the reuse of landfill, were investigated to provide the informations of soil environment which are necessary to establish the appropriate ecological restoration plan of waste landfills. The pH and electrical conductivity of soils were higher in landfills sites than in reference sites (area around landfill sites), indicating the salt accumulation in surface soil. However, total-N and organic matter contents were lower in landfills sites than in reference sites. In landfill sites, the total-N and plant available-P contents were less than 0.15% and 20mg/kg, respectively. Exchangeable cations (K, Ca, Mg and Na) and heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) contents varied between the landfill sites, but were higher in landfills sites than in reference sites. The major exchangeable cation of soil was Ca. Heavy metal contents were much lower than the critical concentration which phytotoxicity is considered to be possible and the standard for agricultural land of Korean Soil Environmental Preservation Act. Therefore, the proper soil management plan to increase the soil fertility is recommended for the ecological restoration of landfill using natural or artificial vegetation.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.721-725
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• 2010

Purpose: The survival of composite graft is dependent on three steps, (1) plasmatic imbibitions, (2) inosculation, and (3) neovascularization. Among the many trials to increase the survival rate of composite graft, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) has beneficial effects on the microcirculatory level with vasodilating, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory and neoangiogenic properties. Lipo-PGE1 which is lipid microspheres containing PGE1 had developed to compensate the systemic and local side effects of PGE1. This study was proposed to determine whether Lipo-PGE1 administration enhanced the survival of composite graft through neovascularization quantitatively in a rabbit ear model. Methods: Fourteen New Zealand White Rabbits each weighing 3~4 kg were divided in two groups: (1) intravenous Lipo-PGE1 injection group and (2) control group. A $2{\times}1\;cm$ sized, full-thickness rectangular composite graft was harvested in each auricle. Then, the graft was reaaproximated in situ using a 5-0 nylon suture. For the experimental group, $3{\mu}g$/kg/day of Lipo-PGE1 ($5{\mu}g$/mL) was administered intravenously through the marginal vein of the ear for 14 days. The control group was received no pharmacologic treatment. On the 14th postoperative day, composite graft of the ear was harvested and immunochemistry staining used Monoclonal mouse anti-CD 31 antibody was performed. Neoangiogenesis was quantified by counting the vessels that showed luminal structures surrounded by the brown color-stained epithelium and counted from 10 random high-power fields (400x) by independent blinded observer. Statistical analysis (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test for nonparametric data) was performed using SPSS v12.0, with values of p<0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean number of the microvessels was $15.48{\pm}8.65$ in the experimental group and $9.82{\pm}7.25$ in the control group (p=0.028). Conclusion: The use of Lipo-PGE1 facilitated the neoangiogenesis, resulted in the improvement of the survival rate of graft. On the basis of this results, we could support wider application of Lipo-PGE1 for more effective therapeutic angiogenesis and successful survival in various cases of composite graft in the human.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.710-714
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• 1998

Organic electroluminescence devices (ELD) with hetero-junction structure were fabricated utilizing poly(p-phenylne vinylene) (PPV) as emitting layer and electron transport layer (ETL). 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD) was used as an electron transport agent. Copolymers with stilbene type comonomers, such as poly(styrene-co-PVTS), poly(styrene-co-MeO-PVTS) and poly(styrene-co-MeO-ST) were synthesized to be used as a matrix polymer to disperse electron transport agent (PBD). Among the hetero-junction EL devices fabricated with the above materials, the device with poly(styrene-co-PVTS) as matrix polymer for ETL gave the highest luminance ($120.7cd/m^2$, 13 V). EL devices made with poly(styrene-co-MeO-PVTS) or poly(styrene-co-MeO-ST) matrix exhibited lower luminance than the one with polystyrene matrix and the single layer EL (ITO/PPV/Mg) device.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.33
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• pp.223-242
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• 2016

The Korean $taeg{\breve{u}}m$, a horizontal bamboo flute, is considered a representative wind instrument of Korean traditional music. Symbolized by its unique timbre and diverse techniques, this instrument transmits the beauty of Korea, and has become acknowledged even in international music scenes. Being a $taeg{\breve{u}}m$ player, composer, and ethnomusicology researcher, I have developed creative collaborations with musicians from Asian, electro-acoustic, jazz, and Western art music traditions developed outside my country of origin and tried to overcome musical boundaries through the 'intercultural performances' (after Turner 1988). Zooming in one collaboration, I detail the process of music creation and performance, collaborating with prominent Korean composer Kim $Taes{\breve{o}}ng$ (b.1967), who was commissioned by myself to write two compositions for the $taeg{\breve{u}}m$ and Western art music. The purpose is twofold: firstly, the modernization and appropriation of the Korean flute is briefly tracked down within the context of Western Art music. Secondly, a performance project is illustrated with the support of technical apparatuses such as DVD and CD recordings and delves further into the question of the 'cultural relativism' (Michael Tenzer, 2006: 7) through the interactive process. The performance-as-research, as a tool 'actualizing' (Richard Schechner 2003: 32) the hybridity, touches on critical domains in Ethnomusicology. The corresponding two parts discover, as Alan Merriam's(1964) 'tripartite model' suggests, the 'context' of Korean and Western cultures, the 'behaviour' of collaborating and performing and the 'sound' of improvised and composed productions in the course of music making.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.152-158
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• 2017

Objective: To identify the associations between polymorphisms of the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene, which codes for an important regulatory enzyme primarily involved in folate metabolism, and idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in Korean women. Methods: The study population comprised 369 RPL patients and 228 controls. MTHFR 2572C > A, 4869C > G, 5488C > T, and 6685T > C 3'-UTR polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis or by TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Natural killer cell proportions were determined by flow cytometry. Results: The MTHFR 2572-5488-6685 (A-C-T) haplotype had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.420 (95% confidence interval, 0.178-0.994; p= 0.048) for RPL. Analysis of variance revealed that MTHFR 4869C > G was associated with altered $CD56^+$ natural killer cell percentages (CC, $17.91%{\pm}8.04%$; CG, $12.67%{\pm}4.64%$; p= 0.024) and folate levels (CC, $12.01{\pm}7.18mg/mL$; CG, $22.15{\pm}26.25mg/mL$; p= 0.006). Conclusion: Variants in the 3'-UTR of MTHFR are potential biomarkers for RPL. However, these results should be validated in additional studies of ethnically diverse groups of patients.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.957-966
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• 2021

Objective: Ovarian follicular development, which dependent on the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells (GCs), is a complex biological process in which miRNA plays an important role. Our previous study showed that miR-458b-5p is associated with ovarian follicular development in chicken. The detailed function and molecular mechanism of miR-458b-5p in GCs is unclear. Methods: The luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the targeting relationship between miR-458b-5p and catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1), which is an important transcriptional regulatory factor of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeling were applied to explore the effect of miR-458b-5p on proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis of chicken GCs. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels. Results: We demonstrated that the expression of miR-458b-5p and CTNNB1 showed the opposite relationship in GCs and theca cells of hierarchical follicles. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that CTNNB1 is the direct target of miR-458b-5p. Using CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry with PI and Annexin V-FITC labeling, we observed that transfection with the miR-458b-5p mimics significantly reduced proliferation and has no effects on apoptosis of chicken GCs. In addition, miR-458b-5p decreased the mRNA and protein expression of CD44 molecule and matrix metallopeptidase 7, which are the downstream effectors of CTNNB1 in Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and play functional roles in cell proliferation. Conclusion: Taken together, the data indicate that miR-458b-5p regulates ovarian GCs proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting CTNNB1, suggesting that miR-458b-5p and its target gene CTNNB1 may potentially play a role in chicken ovarian follicular development.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2022

Objectives : In this study, we evaluate psychological stress, symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood and resilience which medical residents and interns perceived during COVID-19 event, then investigate the associations between stress and the symptoms and mediating effect of resilience on the associations. Methods : In this study, we made a self-reporting form to evaluate psychological stress with perceived stress scale (PSS), symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood with Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD), and resilience with Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Medical residents and interns, who worked in a hospital during COVID-19 event, filled the self-reporting forms from july, 2020 to august, 2020. We conducted a Pearson correlation coefficient and a multiple regression to confirm association between psychological stress and symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, then mediating effect of resilience. Results : The higher stress perceived, the more symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood were reported by medical residents and interns. The higher resilience is associated with lower stress and less symptoms of anxiety and depressed mood, which resilience is proven to mediate partially the association between stress and symptoms of depressed mood. Conclusions : This study shows that resilience has a partial mediating effects on the association between stress and psychological pathology especially depressed mood, given that medical residents and interns were under psychological distress during COVID-19 event. This suggests that resilience is the key for medical trainees to overcome the future crisis like COVID-19 event.