• Digital Contents
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• no.1 s.140
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• pp.74-77
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• 2005

MP3플레이어(MP3P)를 비롯해 CD플레이어, MD플레이어 등 최근 출시되는 휴대형 음향기기들은 점차 그 성능이 향상되고 복합화 · 다기능화 돼감에 따라 소비자들의 선택의 폭이 넓어지고 있다. 레인콤은 동영상을 감상할 수 있는 CD 방식 멀티미디어 플레이어‘아이리버 IMP—1100’을 세계 최초로 출시했다. 이 제품은 기존 MP3 CD플레이어에 26만 컬러 2인치 LCD화면을 추가, 동영상 재생 및 전자앨범 기능을 결합한 디지털 컨버전스 신개념의 휴대형 멀티미디어 CD플레이어다. 아이콘 · 메뉴를 컬러화 했음은 물론, 야외 휴대 시에도 ASF ·AVI 동영상파일 및 디지털사진들을 감상할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.105-137
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Gupoongjeseuptang (GPJST) on atopic dermatitis by in vivo experiment using NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse, which has histological and clinical similarities to the atopic dermatitis of human. Methods : To investigate the effect of GPJST on atopic dermatifis, we evaluated atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by clinical skin index and analyzed immunological parameters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), splenocytes, draining lymph node (DLN) and performed skin histology in ears and dorsal skin of atopic dermatitis-like skin NC/Nga mouse in vivo. Results : In vivo, clinical skin severity score were significantly lower in GPJST group than control group. IgE, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IgG1, IgM, IgG2a and IgG2b levels in serum decreased remarkably in GPJST group than control group. Also, total absolute number of $CD3^+CD69^+$, and $CCR3^+$ cells recovered as normal in PBMCs and $CD3^+$, $CD3^+CD69^+$ decreased significantly compared with control group in isolated DLN from NC/Nga mouse and total absolute number of $CD11b^+Gr-1^+$, $CCR3^+CD3^+$ in dorsal skin of NC/Nga mouse decreased by GPJST. We analyzed ear and neck-back skin after biopsy and dyeing by hematoxyline/eosin (H&E) and toluidine staining (mast cells marker) and obtained results that GPJST are very effective to histological symptoms (dermal and epidermal thickening, hyperkeratosis and inflammatory cell (CD4, $CCR3^+$) infiltration). Conclusions : This study demonstrates immunological activity of GPJST on atopic dermatitis-like model mice.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.45-57
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• 2017

Two single crystals of fully dehydrated $Cd^{2+}$-exchanged zeolites Y were prepared by the exchange of ${\mid}Na_{75}{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU$ ($Na_{75}-Y$, Si/Al = 1.56) with aqueous $0.05M\;Cd(NO_3)_2$ (pH = 3.65) at 294 K, followed by vacuum dehydration at 723 K (crystal 1) and a second crystal, similarly prepared, was exposed to zeolitically dried benzene for 72 hours at 294 K and evacuated (crystal 2). Their structures were determined crystallographically using synchrotron X-rays and were refined to the final error indices using $F_o$>$4{\sigma}(F_o)$ of $R_1/wR_2=0.040/0.121$ and 0.052/0.168, respectively. In crystal $1({\mid}Cd_{36}H_3{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU)$, $Cd^{2+}$ ions primarily occupy sites I and II, with additional $Cd^{2+}$ ions at sites I', II', and a second site II. In crystal $2({\mid}Cd_{35}(C_6H_6)_{24}H_5{\mid}[Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}]-FAU)$, $Cd^{2+}$ ions occupy five crystallographic sites. The 24 benzene molecules are found at two distinct positions within the supercages. The 17 benzene molecules are found on the 3-fold axes in the supercages where each interacts facially with one of site IIa $Cd^{2+}$ ions. The remaining 7 benzene molecules lie on the planes of the 12-rings where each is stabilized by multiple weak electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with framework oxygens.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1997

Bulk type radiation detector of Au/Cd$_{1-x}$ Zn$_{x}$Te(x=20%)/Au structure using Cd$_{1-x}$ Zn$_{x}$Te(x=20%) wafer(3x4xl mm$^{3}$) grown by high pressure Bridgman method has been developed. We etched wafer surfaces with 2% Br-methanol solution and coated gold thin film on the surfaces by electroless deposition method for 5 min. in 49/o HAuCI$_{3}$ 4H20 solution. Initial etch rates of Cd, Zn and Te were 46%, 12% and 42% respectively. After etched, the surface of wafer was slightly revealed to Te rich condition. The leakage current was increased with etch time, but it didn't exceed 3nA at 50volt. The thickness of Au film was about 100nm by Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy(RBS). The resolution were 6.7% for 22.1 keV photon from 109 $^{109}$ Cd and 8.2% for 59.5 keV photon from $^{241}$ Am. The radiation detector such as Au/Cd$_{1-x}$ Zn$_{x}$Te(x=20%)/Au structure was more effective to monitor the low energy gamma radiation.iation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.176-185
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• 2016

This research was conducted to evaluate various levels of dolomitic lime incorporated as pre-planting fertilizers on the growth of red-leaf lettuce. To achieve this, three root media were formulated by mixing coir dust with expanded rice hull (CD+ERH, 8:2, v/v), carbonized rice hull (CD+CRH, 6:4, v/v), and ground pine bark (CD+GRPB, 6:4, v/v). During formulation, equal amounts of essential nutrients, except dolomitic lime, were incorporated into all root media and the levels of dolomitic lime were varied from 0 to $7.5g\;L^{-1}$ at 1.5 g increments. Seedlings of red-leaf lettuces at the 3rd leaf stage were transplanted into each medium treatment. Crop growths were measured 5 weeks after transplant and soil solutions were collected every week and analyzed for pH, EC, and nutrient concentrations. The treatments showing the heaviest fresh and dry weights in CD+ERH, CD+CRH, and CD+GRPB were 4.5 g, 4.5 g, and $7.5g\;L^{-1}$ of dolomite, respectively. The pHs of three root media yielding the highest crop growths were in the ranges of 6.4 to 7.1. These ECs in CD+CRH medium were around $1.0dS\;m^{-1}$ higher than those of CD+ERH and CD+GRPB when application rates of dolomitic lime were equal. $K^+$ concentrations were higher than $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations until week 2 in three root media. But $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations were higher than $K^+$ concentrations after week 3 in all root media. The concentrations of $PO_4{^{-3}}$ in all root media got abruptly lower until week 2. These results indicate that appropriate levels of dolomitic lime, as pre-planting nutrient charge fertilizers in CD+ERH and CD+GRPB media, are 4.5 and $7.5g\;L^{-1}$, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.137-154
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• 2006

Results: 1. In the AlPR-HA group, the incidence of arthritis and arthritis index were significantly decreased. 2. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IL-6,\;IFN-{\gamma},\;TNF-{\alpha},\;IL-1{\beta},\;IgG,\;IgM,\;Anti-collagen\;II$ in serum of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 3. In the AlPR-HA group, the levels of $IFN-{\gamma:,\;IFN-{\gamma}\;/IL-4$ in spleen cell culture of the CIA mouse were significantly decreased. 4. In the Hematoxylin and eosin stain, the cartilage destruction and synovial cell proliferation were decreased in the AIPR-HA group. 5. In the Masson's trichrome stain, the collagen fiber expressions were similar with that of the Normal group. 6. In the AlPR-HA group, the expression ratio of $CD3e^+$ to $CD19^+$ cell and $CD4^+$ to $CD8^+$ cell were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. 7. In the AlPR-HA group, $CD3e^+/CD69^+$ cells in the CIA mouse joint and $CD11a^+/CD19^+$ cells and $CD11b^+/Gr-1^+$ cells in the CIA mouse lymph nodes were significantly decreased. 8. In the AIPR-HA group, $CD4^+/CD25^+$ cells were significantly decreased in the CIA mouse spleen cell and were similarly maintained as Normal group in the CIA mouse lymph nodes. Conclusions: These results suggest that AlPR-HA at 51'36 has an effect to control synovial cell proliferation and cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-97
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• 2000

Objectives : To investigate the effects of herb-acupunctures of Qi tonification herbs or formula on the rat immune depression induced by an anticancer drug, methotrexate (MTX) Methods: Animals were divided into 5 groups; Normal control group was not given any treatment. Immune depression was induced by oral administration of 1mg/kg MTX b.i.d for 4 days in Control, Sample I, II, and III groups. We treated on CV 4 (Guanyuan) with saline, Bojoongiggi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix herb-acupunctures in Control, Sample I, II, and Ill groups, respectively. In both blood and spleen, the assessment of CD4+ T-cell count, CD8+ T-cell count, CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was performed. Results: Here we show that 3 herb- acupuncture groups have an influence, to some extent, on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell counts and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in both blood and spleen. Astragali Radix herb-acupuncture, in particular, was found to have significantly increased CD4+ T-cell count in blood and CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio in blood and spleen. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that herb-acupunctures of Bojoongiggi-tang (Buzhongyiqi-tang), Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix may have an influence over rat immune depression induced by MTX.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.229-245
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• 1996

1. CM-Sephadex C-50-120 column을 사용하여 HLF를 효과적으로 정제하였다. CM-Sepha-dex 50-120 column chromatography를 수행한 결과, HLF는 NaCl 350 mM-500 mM 사이에서 용출되었으며, 용출된 분획을 SDS-PAGE를 수행해서 단일 band를 확인하였다. Anti-HLF antibody를 이용한 Western blotting 결과 nitrocellulose paper 상에 단일 band 가 나타나므로 HLF 가 효과적으로 정제되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 2. Con A, PWM, PWA LPS 등의 자극원으로 단핵구와 대식세포를 자극한 다음 BLF를처리한 배 양액을 IL-1 bioassy한 결과는 Con A 33%, PMA 33%, PWM 15%, LPS 35% 이고, HLF로 처리하여 IL-1 bioassay를 한 결과는 Con A 15%, PMA 22%, PWM 10%, LPS 5%로 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 3. K-562 세포를 이용한 colony forming assay에서 BLF가 10 g/ml일 때는 30%, 30 g/ml일 때는 35%, HLF는 10 g/ml일 때는 5%,30 g/ml일 때는 30%의 저해를 나타냈다. 4. Lactoferrin의 면역증강효과를 알아보기 위하여 hapten인 VCR-BSA를 투여 한 후, 생성되는 항체생성능력을 ELISA로 비교하였다. 그 결과 HLF 및 BLF 투여군에서 대조군에 비하여 adjuvant 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 또한 이때 macrophage 수는 대조군에 비하여 HLF와 BLF를 투여한 군이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 LF는 macrophage를 활성화 시켜서 항체 생성 능력을 증가시키는 효과가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. Balb/c mouse의 thymus로부터 분리한 CD4- CD8- 세포를 BLF로 처리하여 24 시간 배양한 후 CB4$^-$ CD8$^-$ 세포의 분화를 측정한 결과, CD4$^-$를 CD4$^+$ 로 분화하였다. 그리고 HLF로 처리하여 24 시간 배양 후 CD4$^-$ CD8$^-$ 세포의 분화를 측정한 결과, CD4$^-$ CD8$^-$를 CD4$^+$ CD8$^+$ 로 분화하였다. 6. Lactoferrin이 T cell의 IL-2 production에 미치는 영향은 PMA 처리군, PMA+OKT3처리군, LF 단독 처리군 보다 PMA+OKT3+LF를 처리한 군이 IL-2 생성에 영향을 미쳤다. 7. Lfcin B의 단일크론항체에 의해 인식되어지는 Lfcin B의 항원결정기는 ‘QWR’로 밝혀졌다.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.583-588
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• 2003

Cation exchange capacity of clay, white clay and zeolite was measured by the adsorption test for 3 different heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Zn) standard solutions whose concentrations were varied by 10, 20, 30 ppm and pH were varied by 3, 5, 7, 9, respectively. The adsorption rate of Cd and Zn increased with increasing pH and slowly increased with increasing pH above pH 5. However, adsorption rate of Cr did not increase with increasing pH. Especially, Cr adsorption rate of the mixture of clay and white clay at pH 5 showed an half decrease compared to that at pH 3. The adsorption rate of mixed heavy metal solutions was in the order of Cd, Zn > Cr; however, the order was changed by Fe>Pb, Cu>Cr>Zn>Cd in case of Cu, Fe and Pb addition.

• BMB Reports
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.743-748
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• 2006

The complement (C) regulatory proteins decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) and CD59 could protect host cells using different mechanisms from C-mediated damage at two distinct levels within the C pathway. Co-expression of DAF and CD59 would be an effective strategy to help overcome host C-induced xenograft hyperacute rejection. In this study, we made a construct of recombinant expression vector containing DAF and CD59 cDNA and the stable cell lines were obtained by G418 selection. Extraneous genes integration and co-expression were identified by PCR, RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Human c-mediated cytolysis assays showed that NIH/3T3 cells transfected stably with pcDNA3-CD59, pcDNA3-DAF, and pcDNA3-CD59DAF-DP were protected from C-mediated damage and that synchronously expressed human CD59 and DAF provided the most excellent protection for host cells as compared with either human CD59 or DAF expressed alone. Therefore, the construct represents an effective and efficacy strategy to overcome C-mediated damage in cells and, ultimately, in animals.