• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the displacement of artificial tooth of monolithic complete denture manufactured by milling and 3D printing method in which the denture base and the artificial teeth are simultaneously made. Materials and methods: Twelve upper and lower complete dentures for each were made by milling and 3D printing method. Group Up and Group Lp are a group of upper and lower dentures made by printing, and Group Um and Group Lm are denture groups made by milling. Group Uc and Group Lc are is a group of finally designed upper and lower dentures respectively. Measurements were performed between both central incisors (AB, ab), both canines (CD, cd), both first molars (EF, ef), between an incisor and a first molar (AE, ae), and between incisor and lingual point (AG, ag) for each upper and lower denture. Results: AG and ag value between printed dentures and original ones as well as between milled dentures and original ones showed a statistically significant difference (One-way ANOVA, P<.05) in both lower and upper monolithic dentures. In the lower monolithic ones, ab, cd and ef value revealed a significant difference between Group Lp and Group Lm (One-way ANOVA, P<.05). Conclusion: Dentures made using milling or 3D printers revealed statistically significant difference compared with those of original data. However, it showed clinically very accurate reproducibility.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.287-294
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• 2003

Background: In kidney transplantation, donor specific transfusion may induce tolerance as a result of some immune regulatory cells against the graft. In organ transplantation, the immune state arises from a relationship between the immunocompromised graft and the immunocompetent host. However, a reverse immunological situation exists between the graft and the host in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In addition, early IL-2 injections after an allogeneic murine HSCT have been shown to prevent lethal graft versus host disease (GVHD) due to CD4+ cells. We investigated the induction of the regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells after a transfusion of irradiated recipient cells with IL-2 into a donor. Methods: The splenocytes (SP) were obtained from 6 week-old BALB/c mice ($H-2^d$) and irradiated as a single cell suspension. The donor mice (C3H/He, $H-2^k$) received $5{\times}10^6$ irradiated SP, and 5,000 IU IL-2 injected intraperitoneally on the day prior to HSCT. The CD4+CD25+ cell populations in SP treated C3H/He were analyzed. In order to determine the in vivo effect of CD4+CD25+ cells, the lethally irradiated BALB/c were transplanted with $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM and $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+CD25+ cells. The other recipient mice received either $1{\times}10^7$ donor BM with $5{\times}10^6$ CD4+ CD25- cells or the untreated SP. The survival and GVHD was assessed daily by a clinical scoring system. Results: In the MLR assay, BALB/c SP was used as a stimulator with C3H/He SP, as a responder, with or without treatment. The inhibition of proliferation was $30.0{\pm}13%$ compared to the control. In addition, the MLR with either the CD4+CD25+ or CD4+CD25- cells, which were isolated by MidiMacs, from the C3H/He SP treated with the recipient SP and IL-2 was evaluated. The donor SP treated with the recipient cells and IL-2 contained more CD4+CD25+ cells ($5.4{\pm}1.5%$) than the untreated mice SP ($1.4{\pm}0.3%$)(P<0.01). There was a profound inhibition in the CD4+CD25+ cells ($61.1{\pm}6.1%$), but a marked proliferation in the CD4+CD25- cells ($129.8{\pm}65.2%$). Mice in the CD4+CD25+ group showed low GVHD scores and a slow progression from the post-HSCT day 4 to day 9, but those in the control and CD4+CD25- groups had a high score and rapid progression (P<0.001). The probability of survival was 83.3% in the CD4+CD25+ group until post-HSC day 35 and all mice in the control and CD4+CD25- groups died on post-HSCT day 8 or 9 (P=0.0105). Conclusion: Donor graft engineering with irradiated recipient SP and IL-2 (recipient specific transfusion) can induce abundant regulatory CD4+CD25+ cells to prevent GVHD.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2005

This study was aimed to know the effect of cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) on glucose transport in L6 myotube and its action mechanism. CdCl₂ increased the 2-deoxy- (l-3H)-D-glucose (2-DOG) uptake 1.9 and 2.4 fold at 10 and 25 μM respectively. To investigate the stimulating-mechanism of glucose transport induced by CdCl₂, the wortmannin and PD98059 were used as PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor and MAPK inhibitor respectively, which did not affect 2-DOG uptake. This fact suggests that CdCl₂ induced 2-DOG uptake may not be concerned to the insulin signalling pathway. Whereas nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, and trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, were found to inhibit the 2-DOG uptake stimulted by CdCl₂. In addition, we also measured the ROS (reactive oxygen species) production and GSH level in L6 myotube to investigate the correlation between the glucose uptake and ROS. CdCl₂(25 μM) increased ROS generation approximately 1.5 fold and changed the cellular GSH level, but GSSG/GSH ratio remained unchanged. CdCl₂ stimulated 2-DOG uptake and ROS generation were inhibited by N-acetylcystein. And BSO pretreatment, a potent inhibitor of γ-GCS, resulted in the dramatic decrease of 2-DOG uptake and also the increase of the sensitivity to cadmium cytotoxicity. The obtained results suggest that CdCl₂-stimulated glucose uptake might be based on the activation of HMP shunt as an antioxidant defense mechanism of the cells.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2000

The interactions between methylated $\beta$-cyclodextrin (CD) and hydrophobically modified alkali-soluble associative polymers (HASE) were examined by a rheological technique. The effect of "capping" of hydrophobes by methylated $\beta$-cyclodextrin on the viscosity and modulus was evaluated. Model HASE polymers with $C_1$to $C_{20}$ alkyl hydrophobic groups ethoxylated with~10 moles of ethylene-oxide (EO 10) and at concentrations up to 3 wt% were examined. With the addition of methylated $\beta$-CD, the steady shear viscosity profiles shift from a Newtonian profile to one that display a shear-thinning characteristic. Significant "capping" of the hydrophobes occurs for HASE polymers with $C_{l2}$, $C_{16}$ and $C_{20}$ hydrophobes as reflected by the large reduction in the viscosity. However, the steady shear viscosity remains constant when the concentration of $\beta$-CD exceeds 1 wt%, suggesting that $\beta$-CD is not able to fully encapsulate the hydrophobes of the HASE polymer. The temperature variation plots indicate that the activation energy of the HASE-EO10-$C_{20}$ system and $\beta$-CD is dependent on the magnitude of the applied shear stress. These results further reinforce the hypothesis that $\beta$-CD is not able to completely remove all the hydrophobic associations.phobic associations.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

This study investigated the migration levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) from food contact articles (glassware, ceramics, enamelware, and earthenware) into a food stimulant (4% v/v, acetic acid). Migration tests were performed at 25℃ for 24 h and all analyses were performed using Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method was validated by linearity of calibration curves, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, precision, and uncertainty. In glassware, the migration concentrations ranged from not-detected (N.D.) to 752.21 ㎍/L and N.D. to 1.99 ㎍/L for Pb and Cd, respectively. In ceramics, the migration concentrations ranged from N.D. to 1,955.86 ㎍/L, N.D. to 74.06 ㎍/L, and N.D. to 302.40 ㎍/L for Pb, Cd, and As, respectively. In enamelware, the migration concentrations ranged from N.D. to 4.48 ㎍/L, N.D. to 7.00 ㎍/L, and N.D. to 52.00 ㎍/L for Pb, Cd, and Sb, respectively. In earthenware, the migration concentrations ranged from N.D. to 13.68 ㎍/L, N.D. to 0.04 ㎍/L, and N.D. to 6.71 ㎍/L for Pb, Cd, and As, respectively. All results were below the migration limits of Korea standards and specifications for food utensils, containers, and packages.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.330-336
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• 2009

Cell-cell adhesion managed by various adhesion molecules is known to be one of important phenomena found in numerous immunological responses or diseases such as immunostimulation, rheumatoid arthritis and allergic diseases. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of ginsenosides (G)-Rb1, reported to display immunostimulatory and anticancer effects, on cell adhesion, the up-regulation of surface adhesion molecules and morphological changes using monocytic U937 and macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells. G-Rb1 significantly up-regulated U937 cell-cell adhesion mediated by both CD29 and CD43. It also enhanced U937 cell-fibronectin adhesion, while CD29 blocking antibody P5D2 strongly suppressed it. In agreement, this compound also significantly increased the surface level of CD29 as well as CD43. Furthermore, this compound differentially modulated CD82 up-regulation and morphological changes triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA). Therefore, these results suggest that G-Rb1 may have differential modulatory function on cell adhesion events, surface molecule expression and morphological changes responsible for immune responses.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2353-2358
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• 2014

Purpose: We aimed to detect the expression of HIF-1${\alpha}$, VEGF, HPSE-1 and CD31 in SKOV3 xenografts in nude mice treated with different doses of ionizing radiation, trying to explore the possible mechanism of hypoxia and radioresistance. Methods: Nude mice bearing SKOV3 xenografts were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group A (control group, no ionizing radiation), Group B (treated with low dose of ionizing radiation: 50cGy), Group C (treated with high dose of ionizing radiation: 300cGy), Group D ( combined ionizing radiation, treated with ionizing radiation from low dose to high dose : 50cGy first and 300cGy after 6h interval). The mRNA levels of HIF-1 and VEGF in each group were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction, while HPSE-1 expression was measured by ELISA. The microvessel density (MVD) and hypoxic cells were determined through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of CD31 and HIF-1a. Results: Significant differences of HIF-1${\alpha}$ mRNA level could be found among the 4 groups (F=74.164, P<0.001): Group C>Group A>Group D> Group B. The mRNA level of VEGF in Group C was significantly higher than in the other three groups (t=-5.267, P=0.000), while no significant difference was observed among Group A, B and D (t=1.528, 1.588; P=0.205, 0.222). In addition, the MVD was shown to be the highest in Group C (t=6.253, P=0.000), whereas the HPSE-1 level in Group A was lower than in Group B (t=14.066, P=0.000) and higher than in Group C (t=-21.919, P=0.000), and similar with Group D (t=-2.066, P=0.058). Through IHC staining of HIF-1a, the expression of hypoxic cells in Group A was (++), Group B was (+), Group C was (+++) and Group D was (+). Conclusion: Ionizing radiation with lowerdoses might improve tumor hypoxia through inhibiting the expression of HIF-1 and HPSE-1, whereas higherdoses worsen tumor hypoxic conditions by up-regulating HIF-1${\alpha}$, HPSE-1, VEGF and CD31 levels. A protocol of low-dose ionizing radiation followed by a high-dose irradiation might at least partly improve tumor hypoxia and enhance radiosensitivity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.2191-2194
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• 2013

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 1993

The direct growth OMVPE system, designed specificallyfor direct growth of Hg1-xCdxTe using annular rectant inlet inverted verticla (ARIIV) reactor, was constructed. This paper presents the detailed technical approach on a newly designed ARIIV reactor that increases Hg incorporation, imposes uniformity, and avoids the needs for temperature processing to create alloys by inter diffusion approach.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1994

We consider a single channel CSMA/CD system with D homogeneous stations and impeded buffer of infinite size. We find a sufficient condition for the model to be stable under the threshold control policy and derive the limiting distri-bution of the number of messages in the system at the moment of service completion. We also derive the limiting distributing of the number of messages in the system size at arbitrary time by using Markov regenerative processes. Some numerical examples and special cases are also treated.