• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2016

Unlike conventional T cells, innate CD8 T cells develop a memory-like phenotype in the thymus and immediately respond upon antigen stimulation, similar to memory T cells. The development of innate CD8 T cells in the thymus is known to require IL-4, which upregulates Eomesodermin (Eomes). These features are similar to that of virtual memory CD8 T cells and IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral tissues. However, the relationship between these cell types has not been clearly documented. In the present study, IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral tissues were compared with innate CD8 T cells in terms of phenotype and function. When an IL-4/anti-IL-4 antibody complex (IL-4C) was injected into C57BL/6 mice daily for 7 days, the Eomes^hiCXCR3⁺ CD8 T cell population was markedly increased in the peripheral lymphoid organs and blood. These cells were generated from naïve CD8 T cells or accumulated via the expansion of pre-existing CD44^hiCXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells. Initially, the majority of these CXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells expressed low levels of CD44, which was followed by the conversion to the CD44^hi phenotype. This conversion was associated with the acquisition of enhanced effector function. After discontinuation of IL-4C treatment, Eomes expression levels gradually decreased in CXCR3⁺ CD8 T cells. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that IL-4-induced memory-like CD8 T cells generated in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are phenotypically and functionally similar to the innate CD8 T cells generated in the thymus.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

본 연구는 중금속이 함유된 식이를 섭취 시 생체 내에서의 중금속 동태 및 함량을 구명하고자 Cd 오염 지역에서 생산된 현미를 첨가한 식이로 12주간 흰쥐를 사육하여 성장 특성과 혈액, 간 및 신장 조직의 Cd, Zn 및 Cu의 함량을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 식이에 따른 일일 증가체중은 BR 및 PBR 100% 식이 군에서 0.22-0.26 g/day이었고, FE식이 군은 1.08-1.26 g/day로 식이 원에 따른 체중변화 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 식이 내 중금속 일일 섭취량은 BR+PBR 50% 및 PBR 100% 군은 10.77 및 22.36 ${\mu}g/rat$ 이고, FE+PBR 50% 군은 8.83 ${\mu}g/rat$로 식이 중 Cd 농도에 따라 일일 Cd 섭취량이 증가 되었다. 12주간 섭취한 중금속은 전체적으로 식이 중 Cd 함량이 높아지면 이들 총 섭취량도 증가되었다. BR+PBR 50% 군 및 FE+PBR 50% 군의 간과 신장의 무게는 FE 식이 군에서 2.64배 및 2.27배 높은 무게를 나타냈다. 혈액 중 Cd 함량은 BR 식이 섭취량이 많을수록 증가되었고, Zn 및 Cu 함량은 감소되었다. 동일 Cd 농도 식이 군에서 FE+PBR 50% 군은 BR+PBR 50%로 조제한 식이군보다 혈액 중 Cd 함량이 1.27배 높았다. 간에서 BR, BR+PBR 50% 및 PBR 100% 식이 군은 Cd 농도가 높으면 간 중 Cd 함량이 증가되는 현상이 뚜렷하였다. 동일 수준 농도에서 BR+PBR 50% 및 FE+PBR 50%의 Cd 축적은 BR 식이가 높았다. 신장 중 BR, BR+PBR 50% 및 PBR 100% 식이 군에서 Cd 함량의 축적이 높아지면 신장 중 Zn 및 Cu 함량이 증가하였고, 식이군의 Cd 농도가 같은 수준에서 FE와 BR 첨가 차이는 BR 첨가식이 군이 FE로 조제한 식이군보다 3.11배가 높은 Cd 함량을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과는 오염된 식이의 섭취량과 Cd 농도 수준에 의존한 결과로서 Zn 및 Cu 함량과도 깊은 관계가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.126-133
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• 1992

E-Beam 기법을 이용하여 증착시킨 Ag doped CdS 박막은 육방정계이고 공기, Ar 분위기에서 $^550{\circ}C$로 열처리한 결과 grain size가 1$mu extrm{m}$ 정도로 성장되었고, Van Der Pauw 방법으로 구한 Hall data로부터 CdS crystal은 n형 반도체이고 상온에서의 carrier 농 도는 2.7 $\times$ 1011cm-3이고 Hall mobility는 5.8 $\times$ 102cm2V-1sec-1정도임을 알 수 있었다. CdS : Ag 박막의 PL spectra는 Gaussian curve를 보여주었고, spectra peak는 파장이 520nm 근처에 위치하고 있으며, CdS : Ag 박막에서의 광전류(pc)와 암전류(dc)의 ratio(pc/dc)는 공기 중에서 열처리한 시료의 값이 크다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 태양에너지
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• 제13권2_3호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1993

본 논문은 순수한 CdS 박막시편에 미소량의 불순물(활성제)을 첨가하고 각 시편에 대한 파장(380-760nm) 및 온도변화($120-360^{\circ}K$)에 따른 전기적 특성을 비교, 조사 하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 순수한 CdS 박막의 경우 열처리함에 따라 저항이 증가 하였으며 분광응답의 최대치는 더욱더 장파장쪽으로 이동하였다. 2) 여러가지 일정한 온도에서 여러가지 파장의 광을 조사하였을때 실온도에서 보다는 저온도($160^{\circ}K$)에서 민감한 광응답특성을 나타냈다. 3) 불순물의 첨가량이 0.5wt%일 때 비교적 양호한 광응답특성을 나타내고 있다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: This study was performed for selecting yeast mutants with a high tolerance for targeted metals, and determining whether yeasts strains tolerant to multiple heavy metals could be induced by sequential adaptations. METHODS AND RESULTS: A mutant yeast strain tolerant to the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) was selected by sequential elevated exposures to each metal with intermittent mutant isolation steps. A Cd-tolerant mutant was isolated by growing yeast cells in media containing $CdCl_2$ concentrations that were gradually increased to 1 mM. Then the Cd-tolerant mutant was gradually exposed to increasing levels of $CuCl_2$ in growth media until a concentration of 7 mM was reached, thus generating a strain tolerant to both Cd and Cu. In the subsequent steps, this mutant was exposed to $NiCl_2$ (up to 8 mM), and a resultant isolate was further exposed to $ZnCl_2$ (up to 60 mM), allowing the derivation of a yeast mutant that was simultaneously tolerant to Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn. CONCLUSION: This method of inducing tolerance to multiple targeted heavy metals in yeast will be useful in the bioremediation of heavy metals.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.161-166
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• 2014

Lung cancer is the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and a lack of effective methods for early diagnosis has greatly impacted the prognosis and survival rates of the affected patients. Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) are considered to be largely responsible for tumor genesis, resistance to tumor therapy, metastasis, and recurrence. In addition to representing a good potential treatment target, TICs can provide clues for the early diagnosis of cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) alterations are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of human cancer, and the detection of related miRNAs in TICs is an important strategy for lung cancer early diagnosis. As Hsa-miR-155 (miR-155) can be used as a diagnostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a smart molecular beacon of miR-155 was designed to image the expression of miR-155 in NSCLC cases. TICs expressing CD133 and CD338 were obtained from A549 cells by applying an immune magnetic bead isolation system, and miR-155 was detected using laser-scanning confocal microscopy. We found that intracellular miR-155 could be successfully detected using smart miR-155 molecular beacons. Expression was higher in TICs than in A549 cells, indicating that miR-155 may play an important role in regulating bio-behavior of TICs. As a non-invasive approach, molecular beacons could be implemented with molecular imaging to diagnose lung cancer at early stages.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.343-355
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• 2006

Stem cells are unique cell populations with the ability to undergo both self-renewal and differentiation, although a wide variety of adult stem cells as well as embryonic stem cells have been identified and stem cell plasticity has recently been reported. To identify genes implicated in the control of the stem cell state as well as the characteristics of each stem cell line, we analyzed the expression profiles of genes in human embryonic, hematopoietic ($CD34^+$ and $CD133^+$), and mesenchymal stem cells using cDNA microarrays, and identified genes that were differentially expressed in specific stem cell populations. In particular we were able to identify potential hESC signature-like genes that encode transcription factors (TFAP2C and MYCN), an RNA binding protein (IMP-3), and a functionally uncharacterized protein (MAGEA4). The overlapping sets of 22 up-regulated and 141 down-regulated genes identified in this study of three human stem cell types may also provide insight into the developmental mechanisms common to all human stem cells. Furthermore, our comprehensive analyses of gene expression profiles in various adult stem cells may help to identify the genetic pathways involved in self-renewal as well as in multi-lineage specific differentiation.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of post-activation treatment with cytoskeletal regulators in combination with or without 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) on embryonic development of pig oocytes after parthenogenesis (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). PA and SCNT oocytes were produced by using in vitro-matured pig oocytes and treated for 4 h after electric activation with $0.5{\mu}M$ latrunculin A (LA), $10.4{\mu}M$ cytochalasins B (CB), and $4.9{\mu}M$ cytochalasins D (CD) together with none or 2 mM DMAP. Post-activation treatment of PA oocytes with LA, CB, and CD did not alter embryo cleavage (85.8~88.6%), blastocyst formation (30.7~ 32.4%), and mean cell number of blastocysts (33.5~33.8 cells/blastocyst). When PA oocytes were treated with LA, CB, and CD in combination with DMAP, blastocyst formation was significantly (P<0.05) improved by CB+DMAP (42.5%) compared to LA+DMAP (28.0%) and CD+DMAP (25.1%), but no significant differences were found in embryo cleavage (77.5~78.0%) and mean blastocyst cell number (33.6~35.0 cells) among the three groups. In SCNT, blastocyst formation was significantly (P<0.05) increased by post-activation treatment with LA+DMAP (32.9%) and CD+DMAP (35.0%) compared to CB+DMAP (22.0%) while embryo cleavage (85.5~85.7%) and blastocyst cell number (41.1~43.8 cells) were not influenced. All three treatments (LA, CB, and CD with DMAP) effectively inhibited pseudo-polar body extrusion in SCNT oocytes. The proportions of oocytes showing single pronucleus formation were 89.6%, 83.9%, and 93.3%, respectively with the increased tendency (P<0.1) by LA+DMAP and CD+ DMAP compared to CB+DMAP. Our results demonstrate that post-activation treatment with LA or CD in combination with DMAP improves pre-implantation development of SCNT embryos and the stimulating effect of cytoskeletal modifiers on embryonic development is differentially shown depending on the origin (PA or SCNT) of embryos in pigs.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2000

The molecular structure of [Cd(L)Cl]Cl·2H₂O(1)(L=3,14-dimethyl-2,6,13,17-tetraazatricyclo[14,4,0/sup 1.18/,0/sup 7.12/]docosane) has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic dta for 1: triclinic space group P1, a=9.671(1), b=10.784(1), c=12.679(2)Å, α=112.31(1), β=99.49(1), γ=93.95(1)°, V=1230.6(3)ų, Z=2, R=0.0779. The coordination of the cadmium atom is a distorted square-pyramid with four secondary amines of the macrocycle occupying the basal sites (Cd-N/sub av/=2.300(3)Å) and a terminal chlorine atom at the axial position with a Cd-Cl(1) distance of 2.463(2)Å.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.329-333
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• 2005

본 연구는 국내 유통 중인 인삼 및 인삼제품류 8종 100건에 대하여 중금속 함량을 조사 평가하고자 수행하였다. 유도결합 플라즈마분광기(ICP), 원자흡광광도계(AAS) 및 수은분석기 둥을 이용하여 납, 카드뮴 등 중금속을 측정하였다. 인삼(n=30) 중 납 등 중금속 함량은 다음과 같았다[min-mak(mean), 단위 mg/kg]. Hg은 0.002-0.02(0.007), Pb은 0.018-0.39(0.106), Cd은 0.004-0.413(0.106), As는 불검출 -0.094(0.013), Cu는 0.24-5.5(3.2), Mn 3.18-50.4(20.09), Zn은 0.76-44.27(13.42). 또한 인삼제품류 (n=70)에 대한 중금속 함량은 다음과 같았다[min-max(mean), 단위 mg/kg]. Hg은 0.0001-0.002(0.001), Pb은 0.001-0.133(0.017), Cd는 불검출 -0.181(0.008), Cu는 불검출 -1.1(0.13), Mn 0.73-30.15(1.61), Zn은 0.02-13.42(1.02). 본 연구결과, 우리나라 국민의 인삼 및 인삼제품류를 통한 수은, 납, 카드뮴 섭취량은 FAO/WHO에서 설정한 잠정주간섭취허용량의 0.003%, 0.01%, 0.02%로 매우 낮게 나타났다.