• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.359-369
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• 1997

We studied the expression of the cell surface antigen associated with myeloid and lymphoid leukemias on bone marrow or peripheral blood blast cells from 153 leukemic patients including 61 cases of acute myelogenous leukemias(AML), 46 of acute lymphocytic leukemias(ALL) and 12 of acute leukemias. They were analyzed by direct or indirect immunofluorescence method for reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies to B cells(CD10, CD19, SmIg), T cells(CD2, CD5, CD7, CD3, CD4, CD8), myeloid antigen(CD13, CD14, CD33, CD61) and a nonspecific antigen, HLA-DR. Lymphoid associated markers detected on AML is CD7 32.8%, CD10 14.8%, CD5 13.1%, CD2 6.6% and CD19 1.6%. TdT was positive in 4.9% of AMLs. Hybrid leukemias were 8 cases out 61 AML cases and were mainly composed of monocytic lineage, M4 and M5a. Myeloid markers detected in ALL were CD13 2.2% and CD33 2.2%. In this study, immunologically classified ALLs were composed of 65.2% of CALLA (+) B precursor type, 10.9% of CALLA (-) B precursor pattern, 8.7% of T cell type, 2.2% of B cell type, 4.5% of mixed lymphoid lineage(B&T), 2.2% of undifferentiated leukemia, and 6.5% of hybrid leukemia. Twelve cases of acute leukemias ware finally diagnosed to be 5 cases of hybrid leukemia, 3 cases of B lineage, 3 case of T lineage and 1 case of mixed lymphoid(B&T) leukemia. In summary, we think the best method for typing acute leukemias is by using a combination of FAB classification and immunophenotying.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.513-518
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• 2004

3-weeks old Commelina was transferred to and grown in Hoagland solution (Control, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA, $100\muM$ $Cd^{2+}$+ $100\muM$ IAA + 2 mM sucrose) for 3 weeks and then the effects of indole acetic acid (IAA) on the accumulation of $Cd^{2+}$ and growth of $Cd^{2+}$-treated Commelina were investigated. In the treatment of $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.74, and 51.36 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for three weeks, 0.51 and 34,53 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt, in leaf and stem respectively. When IAA was treated along with $Cd^{2+}$, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 0.18 and 8.63 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt, at the first week, and for the incubation of 3 weeks, 0,51 and 45.0 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. In case of $Cd^{2+}$+IAA+sucrose, $Cd^{2+}$ was uptaked to 1.45 and 18.33 ${\mu}g/g$ frwt. at the first week, but for 3 weeks, 0,51 and 25.45 ${\mu}g/g$ fiwt. in leaf and stem. Likewise $Cd^{2+}$ uptake, the growth was also affected by $Cd^{2+}$ and IAA. During the incubation of 3 weeks, $Cd^{2+}$ reduced the stem growth about 8% in all weeks, but the treatment of IAA recovered the inhibition of stem growth caused by $Cd^{2+}$ to the degree of the control Therefore, it could be concluded that IAA altered the pattern of $Cd^{2+}$ uptake and the growth which were supposed to change $Cd^{2+}$ toxicity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1794-1799
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• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) using adipic acid, and to determine the optimum conditions of different factors ($\beta$-CD concentration, mixing temperature, mixing time and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from homogenized milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with adipic acid. When the milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 92.1 to 93.1% with 1% $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in the first trial was 92.5%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With repeated ten time trials using same sample, 81.4% of cholesterol was removed from milk. Therefore, the present study indicated that the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 1% $\beta$-CD addition and 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at 5$^{\circ}C$ with over 90% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD made by adipic acid resulted in the effective recycling efficiency.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.262-270
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• 2010

CD95 receptor is a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor family that mediates apoptosis in many cell types when bound by CD95 ligand or cross-linked by agonistic anti-CD95 antibodies. To determine the role of neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) on CD95-mediatd apoptosis, human Jurkat T lymphocytes were exposed to recombinant human CD95 ligand. Treatment with CD95 ligand induced cell death in a concentration and time-dependent manner. CD95-induced cell death was suppressed by inhibitors of SMase such as AY9944 or desipramine. Transfection with human nSMase1 siRNA plasmid into CD95 ligand-treated cells significantly prevented CD95-mediated cell death. CD95-mediated elevation of intracellular ceramide level detected by FACS analysis with anti-ceramide antibody was also decreased by nSMase1 siRNA. Knock-down of nSMase1 expression also blocked cytochrome c release into cytosol and caspase-3 cleavage in CD95-treated cells. Taken together, these results suggest that nSMase1 may play an important role in CD95-mediated apoptotic cell death in Jurkat T cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.438-443
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• 2007

The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of Kamijihwang-tang(KJHT) on CD+4 T cells and CD8+ T cell ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. C57BL/6 mice were injected, inhaled and sprayed with OVA for 12 weeks (four a week) for asthma induction. Two experimental groups were treated with different concentrations of KJHT (400 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) extract and cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg) for the later 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the mice lung, peripheral lymph node (PLN), and spleen were removed and CD4+ T cells and CD8 + T cells for analyzed by flow cytometer. Number of CD4+ T cells in lung, PLN, spleen of the KJHT group (400 mg/kg) were significantly decreased compared with that of control group. Number of CD8+ T cells in lung, PLN, spleen of the KJHT group (200 mg/kg) were significantly decreased compared with that of control group. The results of this study suggest that KJHT alleviated asthmatic hyperactivity through CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Further study of relative cytokines is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 1986

This investigation involves a study of the physical and chemical factors of Pinus densiflora SIEB. et ZUCC. and Quercus mongolica Fisher barks affecting on the adsorption of heavy mteal ions. The results obtained can be summarized as follows. 1. The capacity of the untreated bark to remove the Cu and Cd from solution was similar to or 5% higher than that of formaldehyde treated bark in both species. Considering that untreated bark lead to color-leaching problem, bark treated with formaldehyde are economical. 2. With decreasing particle size of bark(20-80), the adsorption ratio of the Cu and Cd from solution was increased. Quercus bark adsorbed more Cu and Cd at smaller particle size compared to Pinus bark. 3. The heavy metal eqilibrium adsorption of the bark from Cu and Cd solution was attained within 10 min. Pinus bark removed about 48% of the Cu and 41% of the Cd from solution in 10 min while Quercus bark removed about 50% during that period. 4. As the initial metal concentration increased. the absolute metal uptake was increased while percentage removal was decreased. At the lower metal concentration (10 ppm). Pinus and Quercus barks removed 77-94% of the Cu and 72-84% of the Cd. At high metal concentration (200 ppm), the adsorption ratio was 40% Cu and 25% Cd, respectivelty. 5. The maximum adsorption of the Cu and Cd from solution was obtained at pH 5-6 in filtrate. 6. With increased bark weight per given metal concentration, absolute removal of metal ion from solution was increased, but the percentage removal was decreased. The amount of adsorption was 4.2 mg Cu and 4.2 mg Cd per gr. Pinus, bark and 5.4 mg Cu and 4.3 mg Cd per gr. Quercus bark, respectively.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-215
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• 2021

It is estimated that there are 40 million people with AIDS worldwide, with most cases occurring mainly in developing countries. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is infected with CD4+ T cells in the blood and gradually destroys CD4+ T cells for several months to 10 years, thereby lowering the patient's immune function. AIDS patients who have weakened immunity in this way will die from various diseases. The current method for counting the number of CD4+ T cells is usually performed by flow cytometry. The flow cytometry method has the advantage of high accuracy, but it is difficult to use in developing countries because it requires skilled professionals and equipment is expensive. As a result of this study, a device for AIDS screening was developed by capturing leukocytes from a small amount of 5 ㎕ blood through a microfilter and analyzing CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells from the captured cells. cheaper and easier to carry and use than current test equipment.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) has been used as a major treatment strategy for hematological malignancies. The number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product is a very important factor for achieving successful transplantation. We studied the factors that can predict the number of CD34 positive cells in the harvested product of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), multiple myeloma (MM) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients after mobilizing them with chemotherapy plus G-CSF. A total of 73 patients (AML 19 patients, MM 28 patients, NHL 26 patients) with hematological malignancies had been mobilized with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating growth factor from April, 2000 to February, 2012. Group's characteristics, checkup opinion of pre-peripheral blood on the day of harvest & outcome of PBSC were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS statistics program after grouping patients as below; group 1: CD34 cell counts < $2{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=16); group 2: $2{\times}10^6/kg{\leq}CD34$ cell counts < $6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=32); group 3: CD34 cell counts ${\geq}6{\times}10^6/kg$ (n=25). We analyzed the clinical characteristics, the peripheral blood (PB) parameters and the number of CD34 positive cells in the PB and their correlation with the yield of CD34 positive cells collected from the mobilized patients. The total number of leukapheresis sessions was 263 (mean: 3.55 session per patient), and the mean number of harvested CD34 positive cells per patient was $7.37{\times}10^6/kg$. The number of CD34 positive cells in product was significantly correlated with the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood (P<0.05). The number of PB CD34 positive cells was the best significant factor for the quantity of harvested CD34 positive cells on the linear regression analysis (P<0.05). Many factors could influence the mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells. Platelet count and PB CD34 positive cells count were the two variables which remained to be significant in multivariate analysis. Therefore, the number of platelet and CD34 positive cells in peripheral blood on the day of harvest can be used as an accurate predictor for successful peripheral blood stem cell collection.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.596-600
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• 2009

Electrochemical deposition characteristics of CdSe nanorods were investigated for hybrid solar cell applications. CdSe nanorods were fabricated by electrochemical method in $CdSO_4$ and $H_2SeO_3$ dissolved aqueous solution using an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template. Uniformity of CdSe nanorods was dependent on the diameter and the height of holes in AAO. The current density, current mode, bath composition and temperature were controlled to obtain a 1:1 atomic composition of CdSe. CdSe nanorods deposited by direct-current method showed better uniformity compared to those deposited by purse-current and/or purse-reverse current methods due to the bottom-up filling characteristics. $H_2SeO_3$ concentration showed more significant effects on pH of solution and stoichiometry of deposits compared to that of $CdSO_4$. A 1:1 stoichiometry of uniform CdSe nanorods was obtained from 0.25M $CdSO_4-5$ mM $H_2SeO_3$ electrolytes with a direct current of 10 $mA/cm^2$ at room temperature. X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction pattern investigations demonstrate that CdSe nanorods are a uniform cubic CdSe crystal.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07e
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• pp.56-59
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• 2000

$CdGaInS_4$ and $CdGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$ single crystals crystallized in the rhombohedral(hexagonal) structure. with lattice constants $a=3.913{\AA},\;c=37.245{\AA}$ for $CdGaInS_4$, and $a=3.899{\AA}$ and $c=36.970{\AA}$ for $CdGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$. The optical absorption measured near the fundamental band edge showed that the optical energy band structure of these compounds had a direct and indirect band gap. the direct and indirect energy gaps are found to be 2.771 and 2.503 eV for $CdGaInS_4$, and 2.665 and 2.479 eV for $CdGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$ at 10 K. The temperature dependence of the optical energy gap was well represented by the Varshni equation. In $CdGaInS_4$, the values of ${\alpha},\;{\beta}$ of the direct and the indirect energy gap were found to be $7.57{\times}10^{-4}eV/K$. $6.53{\times}10^{-4}eV/K$ and 240K. 197K. and the values of ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ of the direct and the indirect energy gap in the $CdGaInS_4:Er^{3+}$ were given by $8.28{\times}10^{-4}eV/K,\;2.08{\times}10^{-4}eV/K$ and 425 K, 283 K, respectively.