• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Recently, adjustable CCT(Correlated Color Temperature) luminaire for the human circadian rhythm and room atmosphere has been developed. Accurate CCT control is needed in the luminaire for the human circadian rhythm. Therefore, appropriate CCT calculation method for each of fluorescent lamps and white LEDs was examined using three CCT calculation methods in this study. To make accurate CCT combination, CCT for two different CCT lamps was separately measured. And this study compared and analyzed proportionally calculated CCT value with measured value from the compounded luminaire with the two lamps.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2003

The effects of specimen geometry, and loading conditions on the J-integral fur CCT (center cracked tension) specimens are investigated by using FEM. It is found that the J-integral tends to decrease according to the parallel tensile loading to crack line. Furthermore, it is verified that the compressive parallel loading to crack line is likely to increase the J-integral. A stress ratio of length to width of the center CCT specimen is confirmed to affect the J-integral significantly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2012

Background: There are a plethora of literatures showing that high-intensity intensive care unit (ICU) physician staffing is associated with reduced ICU mortality. However, it is not widely used in ICUs because of limited budgets and resources. We created a critical care team (CCT) to improve outcomes in an open general ICU and evaluated its effectiveness based on patients' outcomes. Methods: We conducted this prospective, observational study in an open, general ICU setting, during a period ranging from March of 2009 to February of 2010. The CCT consisted of five teaching staffs. It provided rapid medical services within three hours after calls or consultation. Results: We analyzed the data of 830 patients (157 patients of the CCT group and 673 patients of the non-CCT one). Patients of the CCT group presented more serious conditions than those of the non-CCT group (acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II] 20.2 vs. 15.8, p<0.001; sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] 5.5 vs. 4.6, p=0.003). The CCT group also had significantly more patients on mechanical ventilation than those in the non-CCT group (45.9% vs. 23.9%, p<0.001). Success rate of weaning was significantly higher in the CCT group than that of the non-CCT group (61.1% vs. 44.7%, p=0.021). On a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the increased ICU mortality was associated with the older age, non-CCT, higher APACHE II score, higher SOFA score and mechanical ventilation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the CCT did not provide full-time services in an open general ICU setting, it might be associated with a reduced ICU mortality. This is particularly the case with patients on mechanical ventilation.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.121-141
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• 2012

이 연구는 일본의 NDLSH 2008년판과 중국의 CCT 제2판에 수록된 한국 관련 주제명의 수와 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과 NDLSH와 CCT에 수록된 주제명은 258개와 137개로, NDLSH에 수록된 주제명이 2배 정도 많은 수준이다. 하지만 참조어수를 제외한 순수 주제명은 CCT가 더 많고 인명, 단체명, 세목 결합 주제명을 포함시킨다면 NDLSH가 압도적으로 많은 편이다. 한편 CCT는 사회주의적, 친북한적인 성격을 띠고 있는데, 정치, 외교, 군사 분야의 주제명이 상대적으로 많으며 북한의 시각을 담은 주제명도 상당수 수록되어 있다. 국가명칭으로 NDLSH는 최근에서야 '대한민국'과 '조선민주주의인민공화국'으로 변경하였으며, CCT는 '한국' 보다는 '조선'이라는 명칭을 훨씬 더 많이 사용하고 있고 '조선'과 '한국'의 구분도 모호하다. 국가간 논쟁이 되고 있는 '독도', '동해', '두만강', '압록강', '백두산' 등에 대해서는 철저하게 개발 당사국의 입장을 반영하고 있으며, 발해는 양 표목표 모두 중국 역사의 일부로 설정하고 있어 한국 입장에서는 불합리한 배정이라 할 수 있다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2000

Effect of Nb addition on the phase transformation behavior was studied through continuous cooling transformation tests after reheating(reheating CCT) and deforming(deforming CCT) the 0.07%C-1.3%Mn-0.015%Ti-(0~0.08)% Nb steels. Transformation temperatures for deforming CCT were lower than those for reheating CCT, and the critical cooling rate for bainite transformation during deforming CCT was lower than that during reheating CCT. These enhanced hardenability for deforming CCT was considered to come from the sufficient solid solution of Nb in austenite during high temperature reheating before deformation. With Nb addition, the phase transformation temperature decreased, the bainite formation was enhanced, and the hardness of steel increased. Furthermore, these phenomena were more remarkable for deforming CCT than for reheating CCT. From the results, Nb-Ti bearing low carbon steel was considered to be a very favorable alloy system with good strength/toughness balance by recrystallization control rolling process.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.951-957
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• 1996

당근, 쪽파, 시금치와 같은 채소류에 대한 데치기 실험에서 데치기 시간은 전자레인지 CCT가 빨랐으며, 색도 및 절단강도 변화에서는 데치기 처리로 명암도, 적녹도, 황청도, 절단 강도가 대조구에 비하여 감소하였으며 그 감소 폭은 전자레인지 CCT의 경우가 적었다. 미세구조 관찰에서는 전자레인지 CCT가 NCCT보다 조직 구조가 덜 파괴하는 것으로 나타났으며, vitamin C 함량에서도 전자레인지 CCT가 손실이 적었다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2003

This study investigated the effects of Child Care and Teaching(CCT) practice on student teachers'(N=361) perceived Efficacy for Child Care an Teaching(ECCT), including relationships between ECCT and generalized self-efficacy. Instruments were the ECCT scale, the generalized self-efficacy scale, and self-evaluation concerning CCT. Research design consisted of pre-test, CCT practices. and post-test. Results showed that ECCT scores increased after CCT practice: ECCT was related with generalized self-efficacy and to self-evaluation concerning CCT. These findings suggested that CCT experience is important to student teachers' perceived ECCT, and ECCT, in turn, is a predictor of actual CCT behavior.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.397-409
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• 2004

There has been few studies of either domestic or international to apply CCT-ICP-MS for the precise analysis of As and Cr components associated with airborne particulate matter. To date, the use of CCT-ICP-MS is strongly recommended for the accurate analysis of the toxic trace metals; this is because CCT-ICP-MS technique prevents polyatomic spectral interferences involved in the determination of As and/or Cr components. Taking advantage of CCT-ICP-MS technique, the measurements of about 20 metals were undertaken in this study. The standard reference material (NIST SRM 2783) was used for analytical quality control. To improve analytical accuracy and of acid efficiency, we selected nitric acid based on a test of three kinds of acid for microwave digestion method 1 ) nitric acid. 2) nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. and 3) nitric acid and perchloric acid. When this method was employed, relative errors to SRM values of Al, As, Cr Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn fell below 20%, while those or Ca, Si, and Ti were higher than 20%. The overall results of our study show that the concentrations of As and V determined by CCT-ICP-MS were satisfied with the certificated values within a relative error of 20e1c, whereas those determined by ICP-MS were 10 times higher than the certificated values.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.12-29
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• 2021

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Cheongpochukeo-tang (CCT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with CCT and incubated with LPS (500 ng/ml) after 1 hour. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay to figure out cytotoxicity of CCT. The production of nitric oxide and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine were measured. And the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined to figure out molecular mechanisms of CCT's anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, mice survival rate and cytokine levels of serum were observed after treated with CCT. And mice liver tissues were observed and their cytokines levels in liver tissue were measured. Results: CCT did not have cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. It inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, but showed an increase in NO by itself at 2 mg/ml concentration. CCT inhibited mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose dependant and the activaton of MAPKs and NF-κB. In addition, CCT reduced mortality in the LPS-induced mouse model and inhibited production of cytokines in mouse serum and liver tissue. Conclusion: The results suggest that CCT could reduce LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activaton, NO production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Thereby, CCT could be effective medicine for the inflammatory disease.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2011

LED lighting may cause different sensation and color appearance due to the different spectral power distributions compared to those of conventional lightings. Particularly, the CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) of LED lighting has a major effect on color appearance so that this study conducted an experiment through a subjective evaluation and luminance measurement for effective color appearance in a space. This study performed a subjective evaluation under the seven different LED CCT conditions, and color appearance was evaluated with major five colors in a customized lighting box. In addition, luminance measurement was conducted for each CCT and color condition to compare the results from a subjective evaluation. The results of this study may help to select a proper LED CCT for specific color conditions.