• Title/Summary/Keyword: CCT

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Comparison and Analysis about CCT of LED Luminaire According to Light Sources and Compounded CCT (광원과 CCT 조합에 따른 LED 조명기구의 CCT 비교 분석)

  • Kim, In-Tae;Kim, Yu-Sin;Choi, An-Seop
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.24 no.12
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2010
  • Recently, adjustable CCT(Correlated Color Temperature) luminaire for the human circadian rhythm and room atmosphere has been developed. Accurate CCT control is needed in the luminaire for the human circadian rhythm. Therefore, appropriate CCT calculation method for each of fluorescent lamps and white LEDs was examined using three CCT calculation methods in this study. To make accurate CCT combination, CCT for two different CCT lamps was separately measured. And this study compared and analyzed proportionally calculated CCT value with measured value from the compounded luminaire with the two lamps.

The Effects of CCT Specimen Geometry and Loading Condition on the J-Integral (CCT시편의 형상과 하중조건이 J 적분에 미치는 영향)

  • 이억섭;김종호
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.154-161
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    • 2003
  • The effects of specimen geometry, and loading conditions on the J-integral fur CCT (center cracked tension) specimens are investigated by using FEM. It is found that the J-integral tends to decrease according to the parallel tensile loading to crack line. Furthermore, it is verified that the compressive parallel loading to crack line is likely to increase the J-integral. A stress ratio of length to width of the center CCT specimen is confirmed to affect the J-integral significantly.

The Impact of Implementing Critical Care Team on Open General Intensive Care Unit

  • Kim, Ick Hee;Park, Seung Bae;Kim, Seonguk;Han, Sang-Don;Ki, Seung Seok;Chon, Gyu Rak
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.73 no.2
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    • pp.100-106
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    • 2012
  • Background: There are a plethora of literatures showing that high-intensity intensive care unit (ICU) physician staffing is associated with reduced ICU mortality. However, it is not widely used in ICUs because of limited budgets and resources. We created a critical care team (CCT) to improve outcomes in an open general ICU and evaluated its effectiveness based on patients' outcomes. Methods: We conducted this prospective, observational study in an open, general ICU setting, during a period ranging from March of 2009 to February of 2010. The CCT consisted of five teaching staffs. It provided rapid medical services within three hours after calls or consultation. Results: We analyzed the data of 830 patients (157 patients of the CCT group and 673 patients of the non-CCT one). Patients of the CCT group presented more serious conditions than those of the non-CCT group (acute physiologic and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE II] 20.2 vs. 15.8, p<0.001; sequential organ failure assessment [SOFA] 5.5 vs. 4.6, p=0.003). The CCT group also had significantly more patients on mechanical ventilation than those in the non-CCT group (45.9% vs. 23.9%, p<0.001). Success rate of weaning was significantly higher in the CCT group than that of the non-CCT group (61.1% vs. 44.7%, p=0.021). On a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the increased ICU mortality was associated with the older age, non-CCT, higher APACHE II score, higher SOFA score and mechanical ventilation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the CCT did not provide full-time services in an open general ICU setting, it might be associated with a reduced ICU mortality. This is particularly the case with patients on mechanical ventilation.

A Comparative Analysis of Subject Headings Related to Korea in the CCT and NDLSH (『중국분류주제사표(中国分类主题词表)』와 『국립국회도서관건명표목표(国立国会図書館件名標目表)』에 나타난 한국 관련 주제명표목에 대한 비교 분석)

  • Moon, Ji-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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    • v.43 no.3
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    • pp.121-141
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    • 2012
  • This study compares and analyzes the numbers and characteristics of Korea-related subjects included in the 2008 Japanese edition of the National Diet Library Subject Headings (NDLSH) and the $2^{nd}$ edition of the Chinese Classified Thesaurus(CCT). The analysis results show that 258 subjects, approximately twice as many as 137 subjects in CCT, were found in NDLSH. There are more pure subjects that exclude the references in CCT than in NDLSH. On the other hand, much more subjects are found in NDLSH in the event that personal names, corporate headings, and subjects combined with detailed headings are included. Meanwhile, more subjects are relatively engaged in the fields of politics, diplomacy, and military in CCT because CCT is characterized by socialism and by being a pro-North Korea. Moreover, the considerable numbers of subjects reflecting North Korea's viewpoint are included in CCT. NDLSH changed only recently the names of both South and North Korea into the "Republic of Korea" and the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", respectively. On the other hand, CCT more frequently uses "Joseon" than "Korea", and the distinction between the names is unclear. CCT thoroughly supports the stance of the developed country, directly involved in the disputable subjects between two countries such as "Dokdo", "the East Sea", "Dumangang", and "Baekdusan". Both heading lists consider "Balhae" as part of Chinese history in CCT, which has ignored the position of Korea.

Effect of Nb Addition on Phase Transformation Behavior during Continuous Cooling in Low Carbon Steels for Recrystallization Control Rolling (재결정제어압연용 저탄소강의 연속냉각 상변태거동에 미치는 Nb 첨가효과)

  • Lee, Sang Woo;Choo, Wung Yong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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    • v.13 no.5
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    • pp.346-354
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    • 2000
  • Effect of Nb addition on the phase transformation behavior was studied through continuous cooling transformation tests after reheating(reheating CCT) and deforming(deforming CCT) the 0.07%C-1.3%Mn-0.015%Ti-(0~0.08)% Nb steels. Transformation temperatures for deforming CCT were lower than those for reheating CCT, and the critical cooling rate for bainite transformation during deforming CCT was lower than that during reheating CCT. These enhanced hardenability for deforming CCT was considered to come from the sufficient solid solution of Nb in austenite during high temperature reheating before deformation. With Nb addition, the phase transformation temperature decreased, the bainite formation was enhanced, and the hardness of steel increased. Furthermore, these phenomena were more remarkable for deforming CCT than for reheating CCT. From the results, Nb-Ti bearing low carbon steel was considered to be a very favorable alloy system with good strength/toughness balance by recrystallization control rolling process.

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Effects of Ceramic Coating for Microwave Blanching on Vegetables (전자레인지의 Ceramic Coating이 채소류의 마이크로파 데치기에 미치는 영향)

  • Kum, Jun-Seok;Han, Ouk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.951-957
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    • 1996
  • Changes in quality of blanched vegetables(carrot, green onion, spinach) by microwave heating were evaluated. Ceramic coating treatment(CCT) within microwave oven caused the reduction of blanching time and Hunter's L, a, b values of vegetables. Also, CCT showed the higher cutting force compared to NCCT after microwave heating. Photomicrographs of cross-section of blanched vegetables after heating in ceramic coated microwave oven showed better appearance than those in nonceramic coated microwave oven. CCT process improved retention of vitamin C.

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The Effects of Practice on Student Teachers' Perceived Efficacy for Child Care and Teaching (보육실습이 예비보육교사의 보육효능감에 미치는 영향)

  • Hyun, Jung-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.24 no.6
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    • pp.117-131
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    • 2003
  • This study investigated the effects of Child Care and Teaching(CCT) practice on student teachers'(N=361) perceived Efficacy for Child Care an Teaching(ECCT), including relationships between ECCT and generalized self-efficacy. Instruments were the ECCT scale, the generalized self-efficacy scale, and self-evaluation concerning CCT. Research design consisted of pre-test, CCT practices. and post-test. Results showed that ECCT scores increased after CCT practice: ECCT was related with generalized self-efficacy and to self-evaluation concerning CCT. These findings suggested that CCT experience is important to student teachers' perceived ECCT, and ECCT, in turn, is a predictor of actual CCT behavior.

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Applicability of CCT-ICP-MS for the Determination of Trace Elements in Airborne Particulate Matters (CCT-ICP-MS의 대기분진내 미량원소분석에 대한 적용성)

  • 임종명;이진홍;서만철
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.397-409
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    • 2004
  • There has been few studies of either domestic or international to apply CCT-ICP-MS for the precise analysis of As and Cr components associated with airborne particulate matter. To date, the use of CCT-ICP-MS is strongly recommended for the accurate analysis of the toxic trace metals; this is because CCT-ICP-MS technique prevents polyatomic spectral interferences involved in the determination of As and/or Cr components. Taking advantage of CCT-ICP-MS technique, the measurements of about 20 metals were undertaken in this study. The standard reference material (NIST SRM 2783) was used for analytical quality control. To improve analytical accuracy and of acid efficiency, we selected nitric acid based on a test of three kinds of acid for microwave digestion method 1 ) nitric acid. 2) nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. and 3) nitric acid and perchloric acid. When this method was employed, relative errors to SRM values of Al, As, Cr Fe, Mg, Mn, Pb, Sb, V, and Zn fell below 20%, while those or Ca, Si, and Ti were higher than 20%. The overall results of our study show that the concentrations of As and V determined by CCT-ICP-MS were satisfied with the certificated values within a relative error of 20e1c, whereas those determined by ICP-MS were 10 times higher than the certificated values.

Inhibitory Effects of Cheongpochukeo-tang on LPS-induced Inflammation Model (LPS로 유도된 염증모델에 대한 청포축어탕의 억제 효과)

  • Hong, Ka-Kyung;Lee, Soo-Hyung;Jung, Hyun-Tae;Kim, Song-Baek
    • The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.12-29
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This study was performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Cheongpochukeo-tang (CCT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with CCT and incubated with LPS (500 ng/ml) after 1 hour. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay to figure out cytotoxicity of CCT. The production of nitric oxide and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine were measured. And the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were examined to figure out molecular mechanisms of CCT's anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, mice survival rate and cytokine levels of serum were observed after treated with CCT. And mice liver tissues were observed and their cytokines levels in liver tissue were measured. Results: CCT did not have cytotoxic effect in RAW 264.7 cells. It inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production, but showed an increase in NO by itself at 2 mg/ml concentration. CCT inhibited mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in a dose dependant and the activaton of MAPKs and NF-κB. In addition, CCT reduced mortality in the LPS-induced mouse model and inhibited production of cytokines in mouse serum and liver tissue. Conclusion: The results suggest that CCT could reduce LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting MAPKs and NF-κB activaton, NO production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion. Thereby, CCT could be effective medicine for the inflammatory disease.

A Study on the Subjective Evaluation of Color Appearance under the Different LED CCT Conditions (색온도별 LED 조명에 의한 색상별 색보임에 대한 주관평가 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Sun;Kim, Yu-Sin;Choi, An-Seop
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.43-52
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    • 2011
  • LED lighting may cause different sensation and color appearance due to the different spectral power distributions compared to those of conventional lightings. Particularly, the CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) of LED lighting has a major effect on color appearance so that this study conducted an experiment through a subjective evaluation and luminance measurement for effective color appearance in a space. This study performed a subjective evaluation under the seven different LED CCT conditions, and color appearance was evaluated with major five colors in a customized lighting box. In addition, luminance measurement was conducted for each CCT and color condition to compare the results from a subjective evaluation. The results of this study may help to select a proper LED CCT for specific color conditions.