• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.9-35
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of SPDJTK(SoPungDoJeokTangKami) and concurrent administration of AJ(Atopy cream, Jawoongo)+SPDJTK on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by using in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse induced by BMAC-induced mice. Methods Clinical skin score, hematology and Serum total IgE and IgG1 of NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mice were evaluated. Moreover, the cytokine level, total cell number, Immunohistochemical staining and Histological features of axillary lymph node(ALN), draining lymph node(DLN), peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and dorsal skin tissue were used in NC/Nga mice. Results Orally administrated SPDJTK with concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ decreased the clinical skin score, total cell number of WBC, eosinophils in blood, serum total IgE & IgG1, IL-5, IL-13, IFN-$\gamma$. Also, total cell number of ALN and dorsal skin tissue, absolute cell number of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+CD69+, CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+, CD4+CXCR5+ in ALN, absolute cell number of CD3+CCR3+, CCR3+ in DLN, granulocytes in PBMCs, activation cell number of CD3+CD69+, CCR3+, total cell number of CD3+ T cell in dorsal skin tissue were significantly decreased. Furthermore, thickness of epidermis, infiltrated inflammatory immune cell and mast cell in dermis, amount of Eotaxin2 mRNA, CCR3 mRNA in dorsal skin tissue, gene expression of IL-5, IL-13 mRNA in ALN, CD4+ Th cell in dorsal skin tissue and CCR3+ eosinophils in ALN were all significantly decreased. However, total number of DLN, absolute number of CD3e+ T cell and CD19+ B cell, absolute number of CD4+, number of Th cell in DLN and gene expression of foxp3 mRNA were significantly increased significantly. Conclusions Concurrent administration of SPDJTK and AJ on atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga atopic dermatitis mouse was very effective treatment for atopic dermatitis.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2012

본 연구는 근위대퇴골 정면 영상에서 골다공증 측정을 위한 영상지표가 이중에너지흡수계측법(DEXA)으로 측정한 골밀도 결과와 관련성이 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 총 112명을 대상으로 근위대퇴부 정면 영상을 촬영하였고, 영상 지표인 대퇴골관비(CCR)와 피질골 두께지표(CTI)를 측정하여 DEXA 골밀도 결과와 비교하였다. T-score를 이용하여 골다공증군과 비골다공증군으로 나누었고, 영상지표와 평균비교분석 및 상관관계분석, 진단일치도를 비교하였다. 영상계측에서 골다공증군의 골수강내 대퇴관과 골단 대퇴관 간격은 비골다공증군보다 유의하게 컸다. CCR은 골밀도와 음의 상관관계(r=-0.340)가 이었고, CTI는 양의 상관관계(r=0.624)가 있었다. 골다공증에 대한 CCR의 진단일치도는 63.4%이었고, kappa 값은 0.271이었다. CTI의 진단일치도는 67.0%이었고, kappa 값은 0.258 이었다. 결론적으로 근위대퇴골 영상에서 비골다공증군보다 골다공증군의 CCR이 더 크고, CTI는 더 좁게 나타났다. 이는 근위대퇴골 정면영상을 평가할 때 대퇴골의 골단간 피질의 두께가 얇은 환자는 골다공증에 대한 추가적인 검사를 추천할 수 있다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제8권8호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2008

ERP는 많은 기업에서 전략적인 경쟁우위를 위해 도입하고 있는 산업정보시스템의 일반적인 유형이다. 본 연구의 목적인 DEA기법을 통해 ERP시스템을 도입한 국내기업의 경영효율성을 분석함으로써 비효율적인 기업의 투사값과 벤치마킹의 대상이 될 수 있는 기업들의 참조집합을 제시하고자 한다. 총 38개 ERP 시스템을 도입한 기업들의 CCR, BCC 효율성과 규모수익성(RTS)을 평가하였다. 분석결과 CCR효율성이 1인 업체는 3개 기업, BCC효율성이 1인 업체는 7개 기업으로 분석되었다. 규모수익성은 IRS가 22개의 기업, DRS가 2개의 기업, CRS가 4개의 기업으로 분석되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2016

As most infections by the helminth parasite elicit the recruitment of $CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+$ T ($T_{reg}$) cells, many scientists have suggested that these cells could be used for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammation and associated diseases. In order to investigate the distribution and alteration of activated $T_{reg}$ cells, we compared the expression levels of $T_{reg}$ cell activation markers in the ileum and gastrocnemius tissues 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. The number of $T_{reg}$ cells was monitored using GFP-coded Foxp3 transgenic mice. In mice at 1 week after Trichinella spiralis infection, the number of activated $T_{reg}$ cells was higher than in the control group. In mice at 2 weeks after infection, there was a significant increase in the number of cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA-4 when compared to the control group and mice at 1 week after infection. At 4 weeks after infection, T. spiralis was easily identifiable in nurse cells in mouse muscles. In the intestine, the expression of Gzmb and Klrg1 decreased over time and that of Capg remained unchanged for the first and second week, then decreased in the 4th week. However, in the muscles, the expression of most chemokine genes was increased due to T. spiralis infection, in particular the expression levels of Gzmb, OX40, and CTLA-4 increased until week 4. In addition, increased gene expression of all chemokine receptors in muscle, CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR9, and CCR10, was observed up until the 4th week. In conclusion, various chemokine receptors showed increased expressions combined with recruitment of $T_{reg}$ cells in the muscle tissue.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2015

This study is to analyze the efficiency of Korean sea food manufacturing using Data Envelopment Analysis. Firstly, based on an output oriented traditional CCR, BCC model, the study estimated the efficiency scores. The average estimates of technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency turned out 0.6517, 0.7184, 0.9074 respectively, which are separated for 50 marine corporations. The 10 DMUs were efficient under CCR model while the 17 DMUs under BCC model. Also, the study suggested that the operating profit of the two output factors should be more increased relatively and averagely from the viewpoint of efficiency improvement. Secondly, super efficiency scores are estimated under super efficiency and SBM model. As a result, it came to be possible to distinguish and rank the efficiency of the efficient DMUs. The highest score was 4.2975 under Super-CCR, was 2.4947 under Super-BCC, was 2.7160 under SBM-Super-CCR, and was 1.5319 under SBM-Super-BCC model. The average estimates of super efficiency were 0.76 and 0.82 under Super-CCR and Super-BCC model respectively, and were 0.61 and 0.67 under SBM-Super-CCR and SBM-Super-BCC model. Finally, the study conducted a rank-sum test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, to find a statistical significance of heterogeneity existing in efficiencies among the sample corporations. The result showed that there was a significant difference in average efficiency between Dried, Salted product manufacturing and Frozen product manufacturing under BCC-Super efficiency model at 10% level of significance. Furthermore, TOBIT model was applied to find out the potential factors that might influence the efficiency, Wilcoxonand the results showed debt and sales cost influenced all of the technical, pure technical, and scale efficiency, while net profit influenced only the technical efficiency.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.337-341
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• 2010

In this paper, an extremely low voltage operated micro corner cube retroreflector (CCR) was fabricated for free-space optical communication applications by using bulk silicon micromachining technologies. The CCR was comprised of an orthogonal vertical mirror and a horizontal actuated mirror. For low voltage operation, the horizontal actuated mirror was designed with two PZT cantilever actuators, torsional bars, hinges, and a mirror plate with a size of $400{\mu}m{\times}400{\mu}m$. In particular, the torsional bars and hinges were carefully simulated and designed to secure the flatness of the mirror plate by using a finite element method (FEM) simulator. The measured tilting angle was approximately $2^{\circ}$ at the applied voltage of 5 V. An orthogonal vertical mirror with an extremely smooth surface texture was fabricated using KOH wet etching and a double-SOI (silicon-on-insulator) wafer with a (110) silicon wafer. The fabricated orthogonal vertical mirror was comprised of four pairs of two mutually orthogonal flat mirrors with $400{\mu}m4 (length) $\times400{\mu}m$ (height) $\times30{\mu}m$ (thickness). The cross angles and surface roughness of the orthogonal vertical mirror were orthogonal, almost $90^{\circ}$ and 3.523 nm rms, respectively. The proposed CCR was completed by combining the orthogonal vertical and horizontal actuated mirrors. Data transmission and modulation at a frequency of 10 Hz was successfully demonstrated using the fabricated CCR at a distance of approximately 50 cm.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2016

본 연구는 DEA-CCR, BCC 그리고 Malmquist 지수를 이용하여 국내 화물자동차운송업체의 효율성과 생산성을 분석하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 취급량 기준 국내 상위 14개 화물자동차운송업체를 분석대상으로 하였으며, 투입변수로 화물취급업소 수, 트럭 수, 자산을 이용하였으며, 산출변수로 취급량과 매출액을 선정하였다. 화물자동차운송업체의 효율성 분석을 위해 DEA 모형을 적용했으며, Malmquist 지수를 적용하여 생산성을 분석하였다. DEA분석 결과 DMU4,5,10 총 3개 업체의 CCR, BCC, 규모의 효율성이 모두 1로 효율적 운영이 이루어지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 Malmquist 지수분석결과, 2012-2013년도를 제외하고는 모두 1보다 작은 값을 보여 생산성이 감소한 것으로 나타났고, TECI는 2012-2013년도를 제외하고 지수가 모두 1보다 높아 효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났지만, TCI는 반대로 2012-2013년도를 제외하고 모두 1보다 낮은 지수로 기술이 퇴보된 추세로 분석됐다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2003

To design gene deliver systems which can deliver higher amounts of genes into stem cells, we studied the expression of receptors involved in the receptor-mediated endocytosis of bone marrow stromal stem cells. Bone marrow was isolated from ICR mice, and bone marrow stromal stem cells were isolated based on their plastic adherence property. Several culture conditions were screened for effective and continuous culture of marrow stromal stem cells. MesenCult medium was finally used to cultivate marrow stromal stem cells in vitro. As candidate receptors, various chemokine receptors were studied. Both bone marrow cells ad marrow-derived stromal stem cells showed expression of CC chemokine receptors (CCR) and CXC chemokine receptors (CXCR). Marrow stromal stem cells showed higher expression of CCR5 ad CXCR4 chemokine receptors as compared to other types of chemokine receptors. Moreover, though the expression of chemokine receptors generally decreased in most chemokine receptors with the cultivaton of marrow stromal stem cells, CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors retained the higher level of receptor expressions over prolonged periods. These results suggest that the ligands exhibiting specific binding to CCR5 or CXCR4 might be used to modify gene delivery systems for increased levels of receptor-mediated gene delivery into stromal stem cells.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.131-137
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• 2001

Previous work has identified that only the catabolite responsive element A (creA; previously called cre-2) out of two potential cre sequences (cre-1: nucleotide +160 to +173 and cre-2: +173 to +186), recognized within the coding region of the xylanaseA gene (xynA) of Bacillus stearothermophilus No.236, was actually, was actually involved in the carbon catabolite repression(CCR) of xynA expression in B. subtilis. However, the level of CCR of xynA expression in the original B.stearothermophilus No.236 strain (70-fold repression). Therefore, to search for an additional cre element in the promoter region, the upstream region of the xynA gene was subcloned by chromosome walking, and as a result, another potential cre element (nucleotide -124∼-137; designated creB) was recognized in this region. The cre-like sequence revealed a high homology to the cre consensus sequence. The xylanase activity of B. subtilis MW15 bearing pWPBR14 (containing creA and creB) cultured in a medium containing xylose as the sole carbon source was about 7.7 times higher than that observed for the same culture containing glucose. B. subtilis MW15 bearing pWPBR23 (containing only creA) produced an activity about 2.4 times higher. This pattern of CCR was confirmed using derivatives of xynA::aprA fusion plasmids. Furthermore, a measurement of the amounts of the xynA transcript showed a similar pattern as that for the production of xylanase. In addition, the synthesis of xylanase in B. subtilis QB7115 [a catabolite control protein A (ccpA) mutant strain] carrying pWPBR14 was almost completely relieved from glucose repression. Together, these results lead to a conclusion that the CCR of the expression of the xynA gene is mediated by CcpA binding at creA and creB sites in B. subtilis.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2017

본 연구는 다음과 같은 문제를 제기한다. 체선이 항만의 운영 효율성에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는가? 이 연구 문제에 대한 답하기 위해 본 연구에서는 SBM-DEA 모형을 이용하여 체선을 고려한 항만의 효율성을 분석하고 DEA-CCR BCC 모형의 연구 결과와 비교하였다. 먼저 DEA-CCR BCC 분석 결과, 부산(2011), 울산(2011)이 효율적인 DMU로 나타났으며 DEA-BCC 모형 분석 결과, 부산(2011), 울산(2011), 울산(2012), 부산(2012), 여수 광양(2012)이 효율적인 DMU로 나타났다. 체선을 고려한 SBM-DEA 모형 분석 결과, 울산(2012), 부산(2011), 부산(2012), 인천(2011), 울산(2011)이 효율적인 DMU로 나타났다. DEA-CCR BCC 결과와 SBM-DEA 결과 간 불일치를 보여 체선이 항만의 운영 효율성에 미치는 영향이 크지 않은 것으로 나타났으며 체선선박척수의 잔여물을 제거한다면 인천항은 3년간 총 11.9억 원, 여수 광양항은 3년 간 총 65.52억 원의 비용 보존이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.