• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2005

태양광선,특히 자외선 B에 대한 환경적 노출은 편평세포암과 기저세포암을 포함하는 흑색선종 이외의 피부암과 크게 관련된다고 알려져 있다. 염기 류신 지퍼계 전사조절인자인 CChAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha는 표피 각질형성세포에서 다량으로 발현되었고, 각질형성세포의 증식을 억제하며 피부암 발생을 억제하는 유전자로서의 역할이 암시된 바 있다. 최근 자외선 B가 각질형성세포에서 p53에 의한 CCAAT/enhanrer binding protein-alpha의 발현을 강력하게 유도한다는 것이 보고되었다. 이러한 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha 단백질 발현의 유도는 세포 성장 억제 세포고사와 함께 일어났다. 이 연구는 glycogen synthase kinase-3 길항제가 자외선 B에 의한 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha 유도를 억제하며 변이 kinase-불활성 GSK의 강제 발현은 자외선 B가 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha전사조절부위 활성의 증가를 억제한다는 것을 보여주었다. 즉 자외선 B에 의한 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha의 유도가 p53과 활성 glycogen synthase kinase-3에 의한 것이라는 것을 증명하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.909-916
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• 2004

CCAAT/enhancer binding protein(C/EBP)는 지방전구세포의 분화과정에서 말현하는 전사인자군에 속한다. 이러한 C/EBP 중에서 C/EBP $\alpha$ 는 지방세포의 분화와 지방침착에 있어 중요한 역할을 수행허는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 한우 C/EBP$\alpha$ 유전자를 분리 동정하고 그 발현을 조사하였다. 한우 C/EBP$\alpha$ 유전자는 1059bp의 open reading frame으로 구성되어 있으며 353개의 아미노산을 암호화하고 있었다. 그리고 한우 C/EBP $\alpha$ 아미노산을 다른 종과 비교하였을 때 매우 높은 상동성을 나타내었다. Northern blotting 분석에 의하여 12개월 한우에 있어서 C/EBP$\alpha$ mRNA의 분석을 실시한 결과 지방조직에서 가장 높은 말현을 나타내었으며 대장과 폐에서 매우 낮은 말현을 확인할수 있었다. 또한 12개월26개월 30개월 한우 의 등심과 지방에 있어서 C/EBP$\alpha$ 유전자의 발현을 real-time RT-PCR로 분석한 결과 등심 에서는 26개월에 서 가장 높은 발현을 보였으며 지방에서는 12개월과 26개월에 서 높은 발현을 나타내었다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.391-396
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• 2019

Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoblasts is regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta ($C/EBP{\beta}$) has been proposed to function as a transcription factor and upregulate RANKL expression, but it is still uncertain how $C/EBP{\beta}$ is involved in 1,25D3-induced RANKL expression of osteoblasts. 1,25D3 stimulation increased the expression of RANKL and $C/EBP{\beta}$ genes in osteoblasts and enhanced phosphorylation and stability of these proteins. Moreover, induction of RANKL expression by 1,25D3 in osteoblasts was downregulated upon knockdown of $C/EBP{\beta}$. In contrast, $C/EBP{\beta}$ overexpression directly upregulated RANKL promoter activity and exhibited a synergistic effect on 1,25D3-induced RANKL expression. In particular, 1,25D3 treatment of osteoblasts increased $C/EBP{\beta}$ protein binding to the RANKL promoter. In conclusion, $C/EBP{\beta}$ is required for induction of RANKL by 1,25D3.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.558-564
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• 2019

Hypertriglyceridemia is one of the metabolic syndrome that is often observed as a result of lipid abnormalities. It is associated with other lipids, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease and liver disease. Korean red ginseng is known to affect obesity, dyslipidemia, liver disease and liver function, but the mechanism of its effect is not clear. This study examined the beneficial effects of hypertriglyceridemia and the mechanism of action of Jinan red ginseng extract (JRG) in hepatoma cells. To measure the levels of triglyceride accumulation, we studied the expression of proteins and mRNAs related to lipidogenesis in hepatoma cells (Huh7 and HepG2). JRG decreases the lipidogenic markers, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPβ which are major regulators of triglyceride synthesis in hepatoma cells. We also found that JRG reduced sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c (SREBP-1c), C/EBPα and C/EBPβ by regulating liver X receptor (LXR) and stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) expressions. In addition, the first-limited step of synthesis triglyceride (TG), glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) is decreased by JRG. These results suggest that the anti-hypertriglyceride effect of JRG in hepatoma cells could be accompanied with the inhibition of lipidogenic transcription factors by regulating LXR and SCD expression.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2022

Objectives: Adipogenesis is the process by which pre-adipocytes are differentiated into adipocytes. It also plays an important role in adipocyte formation and lipid accumulation. Ranunculus sceleratus (R. sceleratus) extracts are used for the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, jaundice, and tuberous lymphadenitis in oriental medicine. However, its effect on adipogenesis has not yet been studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of R. sceleratus on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: Cells were treated with 50, 100, and 200 ㎍/ml of R. sceleratus and cell viability was evaluated. To differentiate the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, a 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, dexamethasone, and insulin (MDI) solution were used. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining. The expression levels of adipogenesis-related proteins were also determined. Results: MDI solution differentiated the preadipocytes into adipocytes and accumulation of lipids was observed in the differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, the amount of lipid droplets was reduced after R. sceleratus treatment. In addition, the expression levels of key adipogenic transcription factors, such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins-𝛼 (C/EBP-𝛼) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-𝛾 (PPAR-𝛾) were also reduced after R. sceleratus treatment. Furthermore, R. sceleratus increased AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and decreased sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 expression. Conclusions: Our results showed that R. sceleratus reduced preadipocyte differentiation by inhibiting C/EBP-𝛼 and PPAR-𝛾 levels via the AMPK pathway. Therefore, we suggest that R. sceleratus may be potentially used as an anti-adipogenic agent.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1016-1022
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• 2019

고령화 사회에서 비만을 예방하는 것에 대한 관심이 높아지는 추세에 따라, 남성과 여성 모두 비만 관리에 상당한 비용과 노력을 지불하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 항비만 효과를 증명하기 위해서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용한 연구가 필수적으로 수행되기 때문에, 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 항비만 효과를 지닌 천연물에 조사하였다. 70% 에탄올을 이용한 사상자(Torilis Japonica Decandolle) 추출물이 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에서 성숙한 지방세포로의 분화에 미치는 효과를 Oil red O assay, western blot을 통해 확인하였다. 대조군에 비해 사상자 추출물의 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 지방세포 분화와 세포 내 triglyceride (TG) 수준을 효과적으로 억제하였다. TG 함량 감소 메커니즘을 규명하기 위해, peroxisome-proliferatorsactivated-receptor-${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) 및 CCAAT enhancer-binding-proteins-${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC)의 인산화 등 항비만 관련 단백질의 표현 수준을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 사상자 추출물은 $PPAR{\gamma}$, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, ACC 인산화 단백질의 발현 정도를 현저하게 감소시켰다. 종합하자면, 사상자 추출물이 비만 예방에 가장 효과적인 후보임을 명백하게 보여준다. 더 나아가서, 천연물인 사상자의 항비만 효과에 핵심적인 역할을 수행하는 활성 화합물을 탐색 및 분리하기 위한 추가 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2019

Fumigaclavine C (FC), an active indole alkaloid, is obtained from endophytic Aspergillus terreus (strain No. FC118) by the root of Rhizophora stylosa (Rhizophoraceae). This study is designed to evaluate whether FC has anti-adipogenic effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and whether it ameliorates lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. FC notably increased the levels of glycerol in the culture supernatants and markedly reduced lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. FC differentially inhibited the expressions of adipogenesis-related genes, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor proteins, CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins. FC markedly reduced the expressions of lipid synthesis-related genes, such as the fatty acid binding protein, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid synthase. Furthermore, FC significantly increased the expressions of lipolysis-related genes, such as the hormone-sensitive lipase, Aquaporin-7, and adipose triglyceride lipase. In HFD-induced obese mice, intraperitoneal injections of FC decreased both the body weight and visceral adipose tissue weight. FC administration significantly reduced lipid accumulation. Moreover, FC could dose-dependently and differentially regulate the expressions of lipid metabolism-related transcription factors. All these data indicated that FC exhibited anti-obesity effects through modulating adipogenesis and lipolysis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.180-193
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a major cause of metabolic disorders; to prevent obesity, research is ongoing to develop natural and safe ingredients with few adverse effects. In this study, we determined the anti-obesity effects of Rosa multiflora root extract (KWFD-H01) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. MATERIALS/METHODS: The anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats were examined using various assays, including Oil Red O staining, gene expression analyses, protein expression analyses, and blood biochemical analyses. RESULTS: KWFD-H01 reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibited the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPα), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in 3T3-L1 cells. KWFD-H01 also reduced body weight, weight gain, and the levels of triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol, glucose, and leptin, while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and adiponectin in SD rats. PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS protein expression was inhibited in the epididymal fat of SD rats. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results confirm the anti-obesity effects of KWFD-H01 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and SD rats, indicating their potential as baseline data for developing functional health foods or pharmaceuticals to control obesity.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.186-196
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• 2023

Dyglomera^® is an aqueous ethanol extract derived from the fruit and pods of Dichrostachys glomerata. A previous study has revealed that Dyglomera regulates adipogenesis and lipolysis by modulating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and increased expression levels of lipolysis-related proteins in white adipose tissue of high fat diet-induced mice and 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells. To further investigate mechanisms of Dyglomera, additional studies were performed using 3T3-L1 cells. Results revealed that Dyglomera downregulated adipogenesis by inhibiting the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and reconfirmed that it downregulated gene expression levels of proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, CCAAT enhancer binding protein α, sterol-regulation element-binding protein-1c. Dyglomera also reduced adipokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin 6 by regulating leptin expression. Moreover, Dyglomera promoted beige-and-brown adipocyte-related phenotypes and regulated metabolism by increasing mitochondrial number and expression levels of genes such as T-box protein 1, transmembrane protein 26, PR domain 16, and cluster of differentiation 40 as well as thermogenic factors such as uncoupling protein 1, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α, Sirtuin 1, and PPARα through AMPK activation. Thus, Dyglomera not only can inhibit adipogenesis, but also can promote lipolysis and thermogenesis and regulate metabolism by affecting adipokine secretion from 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2021

본 연구는 감귤 가공공정 중에 발생하는 가공부산물인 감귤피의 산업적 이용성 및 유용성을 증대시키고자 효소적 추출법을 적용하여 추출물을 제조하고 항비만 활성을 측정하였다. 감귤피 효소적 추출물(MPCE)의 폴리페놀 함량은 이전의 연구에서 보고한 유기용매 추출물보다 높은 함량을 나타내었다. MPCE의 항비만 활성을 알아보기 위해 지방세포 분화억제에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 MPCE는 농도 의존적으로 지방세포의 분화 및 지방축적을 감소시켰으며 이는 세포독성에 의한 것이 아님을 세포생존율 측정을 통해 확인하였다. 또한 MPCE는 adipogenesis 관련 전사인자인 C/EBPα, SREBP-1, PPARγ, FABP4의 단백질 발현을 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 MPCE는 adipogenesis 관련 전사인자의 단백질 발현 억제하여 지방세포의 분화 및 지방축적을 억제하였으며, 이를 통해 항비만 효과를 나타낸다는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 MPCE는 비만 예방 효능을 가진 기능성 식품 소재로서의 활용 가치가 있는 것으로 판단되며, 보다 명확한 항비만 효능을 확인하기 위해 추후 동물 실험 등에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.