• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2001

비동기식(W-CDMA) 3세대 이동통신의 3GPP에서는 무선 구간의 메시지 무결성을 보장하기 위하여 블록 암호 KASUMI에 기반한 CBC-MAC의 변형된 형태를 제안하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 발표된 Knudsen-Mitchell의 공격법 을 심층 분석하여 구체적인 공격 수행 알고리즘을 제안하고, 이 알고리즘의 성공 확률 및 수행 복잡도를 계산한다. 또 한, 3GPP-MAC에 대한 안전성을 기존 CBC-MAC 방식과 비교하여 분석한다

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.24-37
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• 2024

To address the requirement for high-speed encryption of large amounts of data, this study improves the widely adopted cipher block chaining (CBC) mode and proposes a controllable parallel cipher block chaining (CPCBC) block cipher mode of operation. The mode consists of two phases: extension and parallel encryption. In the extension phase, the degree of parallelism n is determined as needed. In the parallel encryption phase, n cipher blocks generated in the expansion phase are used as the initialization vectors to open n parallel encryption chains for parallel encryption. The security analysis demonstrates that CPCBC mode can enhance the resistance to byte-flipping attacks and padding oracle attacks if parallelism n is kept secret. Security has been improved when compared to the traditional CBC mode. Performance analysis reveals that this scheme has an almost linear acceleration ratio in the case of encrypting a large amount of data. Compared with the conventional CBC mode, the encryption speed is significantly faster.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2016

Purpose: For dissecting the possible benefits and usages of Cheonggukjang, five different beans, soybean, black soybean, red bean, chickpea, and lentil bean, underwent the fermentation process along with Bacillus subtilis. Methods: Resultant Cheonggukjang physicochemical and sensory properties such as pH, amino type nitrogen, slime contents, rheological properties, and sensory strength and consumer acceptance were analyzed. Results: Values of pH were found to be highest in Cheonggukjang made with soybean (SC), followed by Cheonggukjang made with black bean (BSC) and Cheonggukjang made with red bean and soybean mixture (RBSC), and lastly Cheonggukjang made with chickpea (CBC) and lentil bean (LBC). Amino type nitrogen values were shown to be highest in SC with a value of $394.74{\pm}28.80mg%$, subsequently were values taken from RBSC, followed by BSC, CBC, and lastly LBC. Slime contents were the highest in SC with a value of $3.44{\pm}0.36%$, with RBSC, BSC, CBC, and LBC without statistical difference. Total colony count was found to show higher value in BSC, SC, and RBSC, in contrast to the lower values found in CBC and LBC. Color was shown to be lightest in CBC and with darker shades shown that of SC, LBC, RBSC, and BSC in descending order. In rheological properties, hardness, adhesiveness, and viscosity were found to be highest in SC. Sensory strength analysis and sticky appearance were highest in SC, with fermented odor being lowest in CBC and BSC. The strength of sweetness, sourness, and umami taste did not show statistical difference, however, bitterness was shown to be highest in LBC and lowest in CBC, SC, and BSC. In the consumer acceptance test, overall acceptance was highest in SC and CBC. Conclusion: In conclusion, SC was found to be the best bean variety for making Cheonggukjang fermented with Bacillus subtilis, however, CBC may act as an alternative for manufacture of Cheonggukjang resulting in sound consumer acceptance.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.93-115
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• 2017

The ability of smartphones to facilitate various services like mobile banking, e-commerce and mobile payments has made them part of consumers' lives. Conjoint analysis (CA) is a marketing research approach used to assess how consumers' preferences for products or services develop. The potential applications of CA are numerous in consumer electronics, banking and insurance services, job selection and workplace loyalty, consumer packaged goods, and travel and tourism. Choice-Based Conjoint (CBC) analysis is the most commonly used CA approach in marketing research. The purpose of this study is to utilise CBC analysis to investigate the relative importance of smartphone attributes that influence consumer smartphone preference. An experiment was designed using Sawtooth CBC Software. 326 students attempted the online survey. Utility values were derived by Hierarchical Bayes (HB) estimation and used to explain consumers' smartphone preferences. All the six attributes used for the study were found to significantly influence smartphone preference. Smartphone brand was the most important, followed by the price, camera, RAM, battery life, and storage. This study is one of the first to use Sawtooth CBC analysis to assess consumer smartphone preference based on the six attributes. We provide implications for the development of new smartphones based on attributes.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 바차트(bar chart) 기법과 CPM 기법의 장점을 결합한 CPM bar chart(CBC) 기법을 제시한다. CBC는 기존의 fenced bar chart(FBC)의 장점을 유지하면서 단점을 보완한 것으로, 작업 관계를 나타내는 fence에 방향성을 부여함으로써, 기존 FBC에서 상당한 혼란을 유발하는 fence의 분리과정 없이 작업들의 관계를 표현할 수 있다. 또한, fence의 분리를 파악하기 위해 더미작업(dummy activity)을 확인하는 과정이 생략되어 보다 손쉽게 작성할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 바차트의 간결성을 유지하면서 CPM의 네트워크 논리 표현이 가능해짐에 따라, CBC는 다양한 프로젝트 참여자들 간의 원활한 의사소통에 기여하리라 예상된다. 또한, resource constrained scheduling, resource leveling, 작업 분리가 고려된 일정 조정, 공기 지연 분석 등의 CPM 기법에 기초한 다양한 일정 계획 및 관리에도 적용이 용이하여, 실무뿐만이 아니라 공정관리 교육과정에서도 활용성이 높으리라 기대된다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.466-477
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 사회적 구성주의 관점에서 개발된 과학에 대한 태도 척도의 타당성 검증과 척도의 활용 가능성을 살펴보는데 있다. 설문지를 통해 833명의 중학교 2학년 학생들의 자료가 수집되었다. 먼저 요인분석을 통해 사회적 구성주의 관점을 고려한 Krogh와 Thomsen(2005)의 문화적 경계넘기 중 평판 척도(reputation in culture border crossings: R-CBC)의 타당성을 살펴보았는데 요인분석 결과 타당성이 검증되었다. 다음으로 상관관계를 통해 수렴 타당도와 변별타당도를 살펴보았는데 사회적 구성주의에 기반을 둔 R-CBC 척도와 Simpson-Troost Attitude Questionnaire(STAQ) 척도는 높은 정적상관을 보였다. 사회적 구성주의에 기반한 STAQ 척도와 개인적 구성주의에 기반한 Test of Science-Related Attitudes(TOSRA) 척도는 낮은 상관성을 보였고 R-CBC 척도는 TOSRA 척도와 상관성이 거의 없는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 희망 진학 고등학교별 과학에 대한 태도를 3개 척도를 통해 비교 분석하였는데 R-CBC 척도와 STAQ 척도로 측정된 학생들의 과학에 대한 태도는 학교유형별(과학고, 인문고, 실업고) 차이를 보였다. 이는 사회적 구성주의 관점에 기반을 둔 척도가 중학생의 과학고 진학 희망을 예측할 수 있는 평가 도구임을 보여주는 것이다.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2024

The major error factors that degrade the efficiency of coherent beam combining (CBC) are numerically studied in a comprehensive manner, paying particular attention to phase, tip-tilt, polarization angle, and beam quality. The power in the bucket (PIB), normalized to the zero-error PIB, is used as a figure of merit to quantify the effect of each error factor. To maintain a normalized PIB greater than or equal to 95% in a 3-channel CBC configuration, the errors in phase, tip-tilt, and polarization angle should be less than 1.06 radians, 1.25 ㎛, and 1.06 radians respectively, when each of the three parameters is calculated independently with the other two set to zero. In a worst-case scenario of the composite errors within the parameter range for the independent-95%-normalized-PIB condition, the aggregate effect would reduce the normalized PIB to 83.8%. It is noteworthy that the PIB performances of a CBC system, depending on phase and polarization-angle errors, share the same characteristic feature. A statistical approach for each error factor is also introduced, to assess a CBC system with an extended number of channels. The impact of the laser's beam-quality factor M² on the combining efficiency is also analyzed, based on a super-Gaussian beam. When M² increases from 1 to 1.3, the normalized PIB is reduced by 2.6%, 11.8%, 12.8%, and 13.2% for a single-channel configuration and 3-, 7-, and 19-channel CBC configurations respectively. This comprehensive numerical study is expected to pave the way for advances in the evaluation and design of multichannel CBC systems and other related applications.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2019

Delayed arrival of blood samples from the field and a large number of samples delivered often causes delay in sample analysis leading to inaccurate measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether prolonged storage in refrigerator could influence the stability of cattle blood samples and to establish an optimal time limit for complete blood count (CBC) parameters and blood gas and electrolyte (BGE) parameters analyses. Samples collected from healthy cows were tested immediately for CBC and BGE using automated hematology, blood gas and electrolyte analyzers. Samples were kept in refrigerator at 4℃ and analyzed after 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 120 h, and 192 h of storage. Mean differences between observations were assessed at 5% significance level using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Total CBC parameters and the platelet profile remained stable for 192 h, except for MCHC. Among leukocyte-related counts, NEU and EOS remained stable for 192 hours. WBC and LYM, and MONO values produced inconsistent measurements which recovered its initial measurement after 12 h and 24 h of storage, respectively, then remained stable until 120 h. Among the blood gas indices, PCO₂, PO₂, tCO₂, and BE showed declining and significant changes over time, but pH, tHb, and SO₂ remained stable for 192 h. Electrolyte status in the blood showed that ions are unstable and tend to change in as early as 6 h of storage. This study established that cattle blood specimens for CBC analysis can be stored for 120 h at 4℃, but specimens for BGE analyses must be tested within 6 to 24 h.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2015

인터넷상의 다양한 응용환경에서는 개인정보 및 민감한 정보를 보호하기 위해서 안전성이 검증된 암호 알고리즘을 사용한다. 하지만 안전성이 검증된 암호 알고리즘을 사용하여도 주어진 암호 알고리즘을 적용하는 방식이 올바르지 못하면 보호하고자 하는 정보들이 누출될 수 있다는 연구 결과와 공격기법들이 소개되고 있다. 이 공격방법들 중 대표적인 사례가 패딩 오라클 공격이다. 본 논문에서는 블록 암호 기반 CBC 운영모드와 CBC 패딩 방법을 적용하는 응용환경인 STRP, MIKEY, CMS, IPSec, TLS, IPTV에 대해 패딩 오라클 공격을 적용하고, 패딩 오라클 공격에 대한 공격 가능 여부 및 취약점에 관하여 연구하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1207-1211
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is by far the most frequent cancer of women (23 % of all cancers), ranking second overall when both sexes are considered together. Contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is becoming an important public health issue because of the increased incidence of primary breast cancer and improved survival. The present communication concerns a study to evaluate the role of various clinico-pathological factors on the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A detailed analysis was carried out with respect to age, menopausal status, family history, disease stage, surgery performed, histopathology, hormone receptor status, and use of chemotherapy or hormonal therapy. The diagnosis of CBC was confirmed on histopathology report. Relative risk with 95%CI was calculated for different risk factors of contralateral breast cancer development. Results: CBC was found in 24 (4.5%) out of 532 patients. Mean age of presentation was 43.2 years. Family history of breast cancer was found in 37.5% of the patients. There was statistically significant higher rate (83.3%) of CBC in patients in age group of 20-40 years with RR=11.3 (95% CI: 1.4, 89.4, p=0.006) seen in 20-30 years and RR=10.8 (95% CI:1.5-79.6, p=0.002) in 30-40 years as compared to older age of 60-70 years. Risk of development was higher in premenopausal women (RR=8.6, 95% CI: 3.5-21.3, $p{\leq}0.001$). Women with family history of breast cancer had highest rate (20.9%) of CBC (RR=5.4, 95% CI: 2.5-11.6, $p{\leq}0.001$). Use of hormonal therapy in hormone receptor positive patients was protective factor in occurrence of CBC but not significant (RR=0.7, 95% CI: 0.3-1.5, p=0.333). Conclusions: Younger age, premenopausal status, and presence of family history were found to be significant risk factors for the development of CBC. Use of hormonal therapy in hormone receptor positive patients might be protective against occurrence of CBC but did not reach significance.