• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.109-120
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• 1987

In this study, as one of the developing ways of the functional elastomer, improvement of the functionality of CB-BR was attemped through stabilization. At first the stabilization effect of CB-BR and the concentration dependancy in CB-BR were determined. Then, triazine thiol derivative(BPTT) was synthesized by reacting p-aminodiphenylamine with cyanuric chloride. Further the functional mechanism and the effects of the antioxidants were investigated using BPTT together with other various antioxidants in liquid and solid states. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The aging of CB-BR depended on the concentration and temperature. Thus, at a low temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, the aging proceeded with gel formation; at high temperature above $100^{\circ}C$ and in above 4wt% concentration, the aging occured by the formation of gel. And in concentrations below that, the aging proceeds with a decomposition caused by oxygen attacked to elastomer molecules. 2) The effect of antioxidation of CB-BR in the liquid state was at it's best when the MBIZ and BPTT were used at $110^{\circ}C$, 4hrs after the oxidation. 3) The effect of antioxidation of CB-BR in the solid state was the best choice the simultaneous use of NDBC and BPTT at $50^{\circ}C$, 30days after the oxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1121-1127
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• 2011

We evaluated the quality characteristics of adzuki bean sediment according to variety. The moisture, crude protein, and crude ash contents of the various adzuki bean varieties were 8.2~11.1, 15.4~20.6 and 3.3~3.6 g/100 g, respectively. The potassium contents of Chilbo-pat (CB) and Hongeon-pat (HE) were 875.1 and 873.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The calcium contents of Jungbu-pat (JB) and Kumsil-pat (KS)were 73.6 and 73.2 mg/100 g, respectively. A high level of magnesium (131.4 mg/100 g) was found in Yeonkeum-pat (YK). The yields of adzuki bean sediment according to variety were no different either wet (188.3~204.7%) or dry (62.1~66.0%). The L-values on sediment of YK and KS were 67.0 and 68.0, respectively; however, the CB L-value was low at 54.0. A high level of a- (6.6) and b-value (12.8) was found in YK; however, the values for CB were much lower at 3.8 and 5.9, respectively. There was no difference in particle-size distribution, water binding capacity, and solubility of adzuki bean sediment according to variety. High levels of peak (3.79 RVU), trough (3.75 RVU), final (7.33 RVU), and setback viscosity (3.54 RVU) were found in JB. The sensory properties of products in food processing are important, and the variety of adzuki bean sediment should be chosen depending on desired product characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 1994

A study on the isolation of Yersiniae from the feces of wild animals(mammals 376, birds 19 and reptiles 13) in zoo and the biotype and serotype and susceptibility of 12 antibiotics was carried. Out of 408 animals, Yersiniae were isolated from 28 animals(6.9%). Of 28 isolates, 27 isolates(96.4%) were Y. enterocolitica and 1(3.6%) was Y. kristensenii. According to the species, 25(6.6%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.3%) of Y. kristensenii were isolated from 376 mammals, 2(15.4%) of Y. enterocolitica from 13 reptiles but not isolated from 19 birds. According to the eating pattern, 8(5.2%) of Y. enterocolitica were isolated from 155 carnivora, 13(10%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 herbivora, and 6(4.9%) of Y. enterocolitica and 1(0.8%) of Y. enterocolitica from 123 omnivora. Out of 27 isolates of Y. enterocolitica, all were biotype 1. And predominant serotype was 0:21(40.7%), and 0:5(37.0%), 0:6(11.1%), 0:1(3.7%), 0:9(3.7%) and untypable(3.7%). Yersiniae isolated from zoo animals were resistant to cephalothin(100%), ampicillin(96.4%), carbenicillin(96.4%) and tetracycline(14.3%) and streptomycin(3.6%) and susceptible to chloramphenicol(100%), colistin(100%), gentamicin(100%), kanamycin(100%), nalidixic acid(100%), polymyxin B(100%) and tobramycin(100%). The predominant multiple resistance pattern was Am-Cf-Cb(82.1%), and Am-Cf-Cb-Te(10.7%) and Am-Cf-Cb-Te-Sm(3.7%).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.517-524
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• 2011

The effect on sow milk of variable levels of cassava in lactating sow diets was analyzed in an attempt to explain the beneficial effects reported by producers of including cassava as a basal feed. Twenty crossbred lactating sows were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. The treatments were: i) broken rice (BR) as the basal feed (BR100), ii) 50% of BR replaced with cassava chip meal (CCM) (CM50), iii) 75% of BR replaced with CCM (CM75), iv) CCM as the basal feed (CM100), and v) dried boiled cassava chips (CCB) as the basal feed (CB100). The hydrocyanide (HCN) content of CCB was reduced to be intermediate between HCN in the no cassava (BR100) and the 50% cassava (CB50) diets. Hydrocyanide was 0.54, 3.24, 4.41, 5.43 and 1.77 ppm in the BR100, CM50, CM75, CM100 and CB100 diets, respectively. Increasing cassava did not affect feed intake (p>0.05), but increased HCN intake (p<0.01). Milk composition was analyzed for protein, fat, lactose, solids not fat (SNF) and total solids (TS). Milk quality was analyzed for total microbes, coliform bacteria, thiocyanate ($SCN^-$), lactoperoxidase (LPO), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. At farrowing, sow milk composition was not affected by experimental diets (p>0.05), but milk $SCN^-$ increased as the intake of HCN increased in sows diets (p<0.01), $r^2$ = 0.96. At mid-lactation (day 14), milk composition was not affected (p>0.05). The milk quality levels of $SCN^-$ were 9.4, 10.3, 10.5, 11.6 and 9.1 ppm for the BR100, CM50, CM75, CM100 and CB100 diets, respectively (p = 0.01). The LPO contents were 16.41, 42.13, 51.42, 53.94 and 22.81 unit/L, respectively (p = 0.03). There was no GPx activity found in sow milk. When BR was replaced with cassava meal, total microbes and coliforms were reduced 78% and 87%, respectively, by the influences of HCN. The reported beneficial effects of cassava chip meal as a basal feed in lactating sow diets is manifested by improved performance of suckling pigs. This is due to beneficial, non-toxic levels of HCN in the diets. Besides passing HCN to suckling pigs in the form of $SCN^-$, sow milk may also benefit suckling pigs with the observed (day 14) increase in lactoperoxidase content and reduction in coliform bacteria.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.487-496
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• 2013

Green coffee beans (CB, Indonesian Mandheling) were fermented with three kinds of mushrooms (Phellinus linteus, PL; Hericium erinaceum, HE; Ganoderma lucidum, GL) or two kinds of mycelia from molds (Monascus purpureus, MP; Monascus ruber, MR) using solid-state culture to enhance physiological activity. After the roasting of fermented green coffee beans, roasted coffees were extracted with a hot-water decoction or 95% ethanol reflux. Yields from hot water extracts (HW, 17.7~25.3%) were higher than those from ethanolic extracts (EE, 9.5~12.2%). Hot-water extracts of roasted coffees from green coffee beans fermented with two molds (MP-CB-HW and MR-CB-HW) showed higher total polyphenols, flavonoids, and DPPH free radical scavenging activity than roasted coffees from non-fermented (CB-HW) or fermented green coffee beans with the three mycelia from mushrooms. MR-CB-HW also had the most potent macrophage stimulating and mitogenic activity (1.32 and 1.40-fold of CB-HW, respectively). In addition, MP-CB-EE and MR-CB-EE did not show any cytotoxicity to the RAW 264.7 cell at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$, and these extracts significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production from the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell line (38.6 and 37.0% of the LPS-treated group). Meanwhile, the chlorogenic acid concentrations of MP-CB-HW or MR-CB-HW highly increased (to 76.21 or $76.73{\mu}g/mL$, respectively), but caffeine concentrations were not affected by solid-state fermentation. In conclusion, the physiological activities of roasted coffees were enhanced by the solid-state culture of green coffee beans with M. purpureus or M. ruber, suggesting that these roasted coffees could possibly serve industrial applications as functional coffee beverages.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.421-425
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• 2009

This research investigates the effect of copper retention on copper leaching in wood treated with copper-based preservatives. Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) sapwood samples were ground in a Wiley mill equipped with a 20-mesh screen. The ground wood was vacuum-treated with various concentrations of alkaline copper quat (ACQ), bis-(N-cyclohexyl-diazeniumdioxy)-copper (CB-HDO), and copper azole (CUAZ). The treated samples were conditioned at $70^{\circ}C$ and 100% RH for 72 hours. The samples were leached by using the distilled water for four weeks, and the copper contents in each sample were measured by X-ray spectroscopy. As expected, the copper leaching was increased with increasing of copper retention. The copper leaching from the ACQ and CB-HDO treated samples were gradually decreased with increasing copper retention: however, the copper losses from the CUAZ treated samples appeared to be proportionally increased with the increase in copper retention in all retention levels tested. The results indicate that at the conditions of the same copper retention ACQ and CB-HDO treated wood have a better leaching resistance compared to CUAZ treated wood.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.351-359
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• 2022

The present study investigated the synergistic effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) and carbon black (CB) inclusions on the piezoresistive sensing behaviors of cementitious composites. Four different CNT and CB combinations were considered to form different conductive networks in the binder material composed of Portland cement and fly ash. The cement was substituted with fly ash at levels of 0 or 50% by the mass of binder. The specimens were cured up to 100 days to observe the variations of the electrical characteristics with hydration progress, and the piezoresistive sensing behaviors of the specimens were measured under cyclic loading tests. The fabricated specimens were additionally evaluated with flowability, resistivity and cyclic loading tests, and morphological analysis. The scanning electron microscopy and energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy test results indicated that CNT and CB inclusion induced synergistic formations of electrically conductive networks, which led to an improvement of piezoresistive sensing behaviors. Moreover, the incorporation of fly ash having Fe³⁺ components decreased the electrical resistivity, improving both the linearity of fractional changes in the electrical resistivity and reproducibility expressed as R² under cyclic loading conditions.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.210-218
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• 1999

Purpose : As several epidemics of aseptic meningitis had been reported in Korea since 1990, the need of epidemiologic study about enteroviral infections was recognized. We studied epidemiologic and clinical features of enteroviral infections in children. Methods : We analyzed the seasonal occurrence of enteroviral infections and age, sex and clinical diagnosis of the children admitted to five branch hospitals of Hallym University and diagnosed to have enteroviral infections by culture from January 1996 to December 1998. Results : Enterovirus was isolated in 126 out of 245(51.4%) stools, 15 out of 89(16.8%) nasopharyngeal aspirates and 195 out of 1,835(10.6%) cerebrospinal fluids. There were 273 echoviruses(Echo)(197 Echo 30, 46 Echo 9, 17 Echo 6, 13 unclassified), 24 coxsackieviruses B(CB)(11 CB 2, 2 CB 5, 11 unclassified), 7 coxsackieviruses A 24 and 32 unclassified enteroviruses. Yearly number of isolates was 65(46 Echo 9) in 1996, 239(197 Echo 30) in 1997 and 32(15 CB: 9 CB 2) in 1998. Epidemics of enteroviruses occurred mainly during the months May to October. The mean age of the infected children was $62.1{\pm}38.0$ months and 74.6% of the patients were younger than 7 years of age. There were 203 boys and 100 girls and 79.3% of the patients were diagnosed as aseptic meningitis. Conclusions : We confirmed that enteroviral infections occurred in epidemics from late spring to fall during the study period. Enteroviral infections occurred predominantly in boys and the preschool children. Aseptic meningitis was the main illness in the hospitalized children.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2017

The tensile strength (TS) and elongation-at-break (EB) loss of a CR/CB rubber composite sample prepared for the automotive parts were measured after accelerated thermal ageing at temperatures of 100, 120, 140, and $150^{\circ}C$. The change in TS was observed to be linear from the master curve prepared using the time-temperature superposition-principle (TTSP). An Arrhenius type of shift factor, $a_T$ was used to predict the life time of the sample, and a plot of ln $a_T$ vs. 1/T was also shown to be linear. The activation energy ($E_a$) of the sample was calculated as 70.30 kJ/mole from the Arrhenius plot. The expected life time of the sample was predicted at the given operating conditions by applying Arrhenius analysis. Assuming the $E_a$ value was constant at lower operating condition, life time of the sample was calculated as 2.3 years when the life limit was set as time to reach the 20% decrease of the initial TS value at operating temperature of $40^{\circ}C$.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2022

This study examined how chicken breed affects consumer behavior. The breeds evaluated were a Korean native chicken (KNC) and a commercial broiler (CB). Consumer behavior was measured by evaluating sensory attributes (taste, odor, and texture) and purchase behaviors [satisfaction, purchase intention, and willingness to pay (WTP)]. The sensory evaluation was conducted using healthy Korean consumers (n=100). The chicken was cooked in baeksuk (Korean traditional chicken soup), which is a seasonal summer health food in Korea. The participants evaluated sensory attributes and purchase behaviors between blinded samples of baeksuk (CB) and unblinded samples of baeksuk (KNC). The sensory evaluation involved chicken breasts and legs. The participants considered KNC as having a more umami taste, a chewier and juicer texture, and a less metallic odor than CB. Moreover, when participants were given KNC breed information, they expressed higher satisfaction, purchase intention, and WTP. The results of this study contribute to consumer behavior literature by revealing the effects of breed information on consumer sensory perceptions and purchase behaviors. Furthermore, the findings provide evidence that branding KNC is one way to increase its demand and low market share while contributing to sustainable consumption.