• Development and Reproduction
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2018

To improve survival rates of vitrified pig oocytes, the treatment of cytoskeletal stabilizer on an appropriate time is one of the possible approaches. However, the exact treatment timing and effect of cytoskeletal stabilizer such as cytochalasin B (CB) is not well known during oocyte vitrification procedures. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine optimal treatment timing of CB during vitrification and warming procedures. In experiment 1, the survival rates of the postwarming pig oocytes were analyzed by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) assays with 4 classifications. In results, post-warming oocytes showed significantly (p<0.05) decreased number of alive oocytes (31.8% vs. 86.4%) compared to fresh control. In detail, the significant difference (p<0.05) was found only in strong fluorescence (18.2% vs. 70.5%) not in intermediate fluorescence groups (13.6% vs. 15.9%). In experiment 2, CB was treated before (CB-Vitri) and after (Vitri-CB) vitrification. In results, group of Vitri-CB showed significantly (p<0.05) higher (91.6%) survival rates compared to group of CB-Vitri (83.7%), significantly (p<0.05) and comparable with group of Vitri Control (88.7%) by morphological inspection. In FDA assay results, group of Vitri-CB showed significantly (p<0.05) higher (44.2%) survival rates compared to groups of CB-Vitri (36.7%) and Vitri Control (35.1%). In conclusion, the increased survival rates of post-warming pig oocyte treated with Vitri-CB method are firstly described here. The main finding of present study is that the CB treatment during recovery could be helpful to refresh the post-warming pig oocyte resulting its improved survival rates.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.305-308
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• 2008

A viroid was detected from symptomless Coleus blumei cultivar 'Kong Scarlet'. It consisted of 249 nucleotides(GenBank accession no. EU410620), which was 100% identical to a Coleus blumei viroid 1(CbVd 1) reported from China(GenBank accession no. DQI78399), indicating that the viroid was an isolate of CbVd1. Attempts were made to determine if commercial Coleus seeds were infected with CbVd. Infection rates in seedlings of the 14 commercial cultivars of Coleus ranged from 0 to 100%. CbVd1 caused discoloration and growth retardation in some cultivars, but is symptomless in others. These results indicated that Coleus in commercial markets in Korea is highly infected with CbVd.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

The mechanism of interaction of cyanocobalamin (CB) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been investigated by spectrofluorometric and circular dichroism methods. Association constant for the CB-BSA system showed that the interaction is non-covalent in nature. Binding studies in the presence of an hydrophobic probe, 8-anilino-l-naphthalene sulphonic acid, sodium salt (ANS) showed that there is hydrophobic interaction between CB and ANS and they do not share common sites in BSA. Stern-Volmer analysis of fluorescence quenching data showed that the fraction of fluorophore (protein) accessible to the quencher (CB) was close to unity indicating thereby that both tryptophan residues of BSA are involved in drug-protein interaction. The rate constant for quenching, greater than $10^{10}$ $M^{-1}$ $s^{-1}$, indicated that the drug binding site is in close proximity to tryptophan residue of BSA. Thermodynamic parameters obtained from data at different temperatures showed that the binding of CB to BSA involves hydrophobic bonds predominantly. Significant increase in concentration of free drug was observed for CB in presence of paracetamol. Circular dichroism studies revealed the change in helicity of BSA due to binding of CB to BSA.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2020

Objectives After inducing dermatitis in 6-week-old mice, we tried to find out the effects of recovery in the damaged skin by administering genistein and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) Methods The 6-week-old mice were divided into the control group (Ctrl), dermatitis causing group (AcDE), genistein-administered group after the onset of dermatitis (GsT), and PEA-administered group after the onset of dermatitis (PEAT). Seven mice were assigned to each group. Changes in the skin barrier were observed after three days of administration following the onset of dermatitis. Results In the GsT and PEAT, there was less skin damage compared to the AcDE, and the lowest skin damage showed in the GsT. The intensity of CB1 and CB2 expression was increased by 64% (CB1) and 39% (CB2) in the GsT, and 38% (CB1) and 28% (CB2) in the PEAT compared to the AcDE. The E-catherin positive reaction was decreased in the AcDE, while the E-catherin positive reaction was increased in the GsT (76%) and PEAT (34%). The p-JNK positive reaction was increased in the AcDE, while the p-JNK positive reaction was decreased in the GsT (60%) and PEAT (39%). Toxic Hepatopathy was not observed in the liver tissue of Genistein administered 3OGsT, and PEA administered 3OPEAT. Conclusions Genistein has recovery effect on dermatitis damage through active induction of the endocannabin system (ECS).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2005

Elimination reactions of $XC_6H_4CH_2CO_2C_6H_3-2-Y-4-NO_2$ have been studied under various conditions. When X was moderately electron-withdrawing, Y = H, and base-solvent was $R_2$NH-MeCN, the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism via an E1cb-like transition state. Concave downward curve was noted in the Hammett plots. When X = 4-$NO_2$, Y = Cl, $CF_3,\;NO_2$, and the base-solvent was ${R_2NH/R_2NH_2}^+$ in 70 mol % MeCN(aq), the reaction proceeded by the E2 mechanism. The mechanism changed to a competing E2 and E1cb when X = 4-$NO_2$ and Y = H, MeO, and to the E1cb when X = 2,4-($NO_2)_2$, and Y = $NO_2$. From these results, a plausible pathway of the change of the mechanism from E2 to the E1cb extreme is proposed.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.413.1-413.1
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• 2002

Purpose To investigate the physico-chemical properties of CB-ph ［2-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde］, an anticancer drug obtained from Cinnamomum cassia using methylenechloride. and its stability in various aqueous solutions. Results CB-ph was rarely soluble in water but soluble in methanol and very soluble in ether. Kinetic salt effect on degradation of CB-ph in buffer solutions at pH 4.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$ showed a linear relationship having a positive slope that means reactions between hydronium ions and protonated substrates. (omitted)

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2006

The below is the results of physicochemical analysis of 40 breeding lines of colored barley (CB) whose systems are different Water content of CB No. 24 showed the lowest value of 7.4% while CB No. 9 showed the highest value of 10.8%. Crude protein of CB $9.7{\sim}12.9%$ range was found. Crude fat content of CB No. 6 showed the highest value of 4.35% while CB No. 34 showed the lowest of 1.35%. Crude ash content of CB No. 31 showed the lowest value of 1.20%. Ca content of CB No. 10 showed the highest value of 717.50 mg% while general barley showed the lowest value of 442.82 mg%. Mg content of CB No. 10 showed the highest value of 1320.00 mg%. Cu content of CB No. 20 showed the lowest value of 2.20 mg% while CB No. 33 showed the highest value of 6.25 mg%. K content of CB No. 20 showed the lowest value of 723.24 mg% while CB No. 1 showed the highest value of 1002.50 mg%. Mn content of CB No. 28 showed the lowest value of 31.72 mg% while general barley showed the highest value of 94.56 mg%. ${\beta}-Glucan$ content of CB No. 25 showed the lowest value of 5.20 mg% while CB No. 28 showed the highest value of 4.46 mg%.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.333-338
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• 2015

Our previous report showed that the extract from cuttlebone (CB) had wound healing effect in burned lesion of rat and the extract was identified as chitin by HPLS analysis. We herein investigated the morphology in CB extract using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Chitin was used as a control. There is no difference in morphology between CB extract and chitin. We also assessed the role of CB extract on the production of inflammatory mediators using murine macrophages and the migration of inflammatory cells. The extract induced the production of nitric oxide (NO) in macrophages. While the extract of CB itself stimulated macrophages to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6, CB extract suppressed the production of those cytokines by LPS. CB extract also induced the production of mouse IL-8 which is related to the cell migration, and treatment with CB enhanced fibroblast migration and invasion. Therefore, our results suggest that CB activates inflammatory cells to enhance the cell migration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.246-250
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• 2013

We previously reported that the extract from cuttlebone (CB) has wound healing effect in burned lesion of rat. In present study, the main component of CB extract was analyzed and its wound healing activity was evaluated by using in vitro acute inflammation model. The extract of CB stimulated macrophages to increase the production of TNF-${\alpha}$. The extract also enhanced the production of TGF-${\beta}$ and VEGF, which were involved in angiogenesis and fibroblast activation. The treatment with CB extract enhanced proliferation of murine fibroblast. CB extract also induced the activation of fibroblast to increase the secretion of matrix metalloproteases 1 (MMP1). The constituent of CB extract which has wound healing activity was identified as chitin by HPLC analysis. The mechanism that the CB extract helps to promote healing of burned lesion is associated with that chitin in CB extracts stimulated wound skins to induce acute inflammation and to promoted cell proliferation and MMP expression in fibroblast. Our results suggest that CB or chitin can be a new candidate material for the treatment of skin wound such as ulcer and burn.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how much the investment effect of convertible bond(CB) is from the perspective of investors and to present efficient investment plans to investors. The research method is to investigate the coupon interest rate, maturity interest rate, conversion price, etc. for CBs. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that CB's investment efficiency was low because the conversion price excess days ratio was only about 1/4 of the conversion date. The conversion day yield was -6.3% and the maturity day yield was -5.2% on average. It was analyzed that the number of stocks with negative conversion day yield was 2.4 times higher than the number of positive stocks and 3.7 times higher than the number of positive stocks with a maturity day yield, so the expected return on equity conversion of CB was low.