• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.93-99
• /
• 2013

Objective : Neurologic complications during carotid artery stenting (CAS) are usually associated with distal embolic event. These embolic incident during CAS are highly associated with the carotid plaque instability. The current study was undertaken to identify the angiographic characteristics of carotid plaque vulnerability, which was represented as filling defect in the cerebral protection filters during CAS. Methods : A total of 107 patients underwent CAS with use of a distal protection filter. Angiographic carotid plaque surface morphology was classified as smooth, irregular, and ulcerated. To determine predictable factors of filling defect in the protection filters, 11 variables were retrospectively analyzed which might influence filling defect in the protection filters during CAS. Results : Filling defects during CAS were presented in the 33 cerebral protection filters. In multivariate analysis, angiographic ulceration [odds ratio (OR), 6.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) : 2.24, 19.4; p=0.001], higher stenosis degree (OR, 1.06; 95% CI : 1.00, 1.12; p=0.039), and coexistent thrombus (OR, 7.58; 95% CI : 1.69, 34.05; p=0.08) were highly associated with filling defect in the cerebral protection devices during CAS. Among several variables, angiographic surface ulceration was the only significant factor associated with flow stagnation during CAS (OR, 4.11; 95% CI : 1.33, 12.72; p=0.014). Conclusion : Plaque surface morphology on carotid angiography can be a highly sensitive marker of plaque instability during CAS. The independent risk factors for filling defect in the filter devices during CAS were plaque ulceration, stenosis degree, and coexistent thrombus.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• 제55권6호
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the technical feasibility and clinical efficacy of emergent carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) for acute stroke due to athero-thrombotic occlusion of the cervical internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods : Review of medical records identified 17 patients who underwent emergent CAS for treatment of athero-thrombotic occlusion of the cervical ICA with acute stroke between 2009 and 2013. Eleven patients (64.7%) presented with concomitant intracranial artery occlusion, which was treated primarily by mechanical thrombectomy after CAS. Results : Successful revascularization of the cervical ICA with emergent CAS was achieved in all patients. After CAS, intracranial recanalization with Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction ${\geq}2b$ flow was achieved in four of the 11 patients (36.4%). The overall recanalization rate (cervical ICA and intracranial artery) was 10 of 17 patients (58.8%). Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in two patients (11.8%), resulting in death. Ten patients (58.8%) showed improvement (decrease in NIHSS score of ${\geq}4$ points) at seven days after recanalization. Nine patients (52.9%) showed a favorable outcome ($mRS{\leq}2$) at the last follow-up. A favorable outcome ($mRS{\leq}2$) was obtained in four of the six patients with isolated cervical ICA occlusion (4/6, 66.7%) and five of 11 patients with intracranial tandem occlusion (5/11, 45.5%). Conclusion : Emergent CAS for acute stroke due to athero-thrombotic occusion of the cervical ICA showed a good technical feasibility and favorable clinical outcome.

• 대한치매학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD) related genes have been elucidated by advanced genetic techniques. Familial autosomal dominant AD genes founded by linkage analyses are APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Genome-wide association studies have found risk genes such as ABCA7, BIN1, CASS4, CD33, CD2AP, CELF1, CLU, CR1, DSG2, EPHA1, FERMT2, HLA-DRB5-HLA-DRB1, INPP5D, MEF2C, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, NME8, PICALM, PTK2B, SLC24A4, SORL1, and ZCWPW1. ABCA7, SORL1, TREM2, and APOE are proved to have high odds ratio (>2) in risk of AD using next generation sequencing studies. Thanks to the promising genetic techniques such as CRISPR-CAS9 and single-cell RNA sequencing opened a new era in genetics. CRISPR-CAS9 can directly link genetic knowledge to future treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing are providing useful information on cell biology and pathogenesis of diverse diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제47권1호
• /
• pp.20-25
• /
• 2014

Background: Symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with significant carotid artery stenosis (range, 70% to 99%) generally undergo either carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) or carotid artery stenting (CAS) to prevent stroke. In this study, we evaluated the cost effectiveness of these two treatment modalities. Methods: A total of 47 patients (mean age, $67.1{\pm}9.1$ years; male, 87.2%) undergoing either CEA (n=28) or CAS (n=19) for the treatment of significant carotid artery stenosis were enrolled in this study. Hospitalization costs were subdivided into three parts, namely pre-procedure, procedure and resource, and post-procedure costs. Results: Total hospitalization costs were similar in both groups of CEA and CAS (6,377 thousand won [TW] vs. 6,703 TW, p=0.255); however, the total cost minus the pre-procedure cost was higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group (4,948 TW vs. 5,941 TW, p<0.0001). The pre-procedure cost of the CEA group was higher than that of the CAS group (1,429 TW vs. 762 TW, p<0.0001). However, the procedure and resource cost was higher in the CAS group because the resource cost was approximately three times higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group. The post-procedure cost was higher in the CEA group because hospital stays were approximately two times longer. Conclusion: The total hospitalization cost was not different between the CEA and the CAS groups. The pre-procedure cost was high in the CEA group, but the cost from procedure onset to discharge, including the resource cost, was significantly lower in this group.

• Current Optics and Photonics
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2018

A Scanning Rayleigh Doppler lidar for wind profiling based on a non-polarized beam splitter cube optically contacted FPI is developed for wind measurement from high troposphere to low stratosphere in 5-35 km. Non-polarized beam splitter cube optically contacted to the FPI are used for a stable optical receiver. Zero Doppler shift correction is used to correct for laser or FPI frequency jitter and drift and the timing sequence is designed. Stability of the receiver for Doppler shift discrimination is validated by measuring the transmissions of FPI in different days and analyzed the response functions. The maximal relative wind deviation due to the stability of the optical receiver is about 4.1% and the standard deviation of wind velocity is 1.6% due to the stability. Wind measurement comparison experiments were carried out in Jiuquan ($39.741^{\circ}N$, $98.495^{\circ}E$), Gansu province of China in 2015, showing good agreement with radiosonde result data. Continuous wind field observation was performed from October 16th to November 12th and semi-continuous wind field of 19 nights are presented.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.228-233
• /
• 2006

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 is known to be involved in pathological processes such as tumor invasion or rheumatoid arthritis. A soil microorganism producing siderophore under low iron stress $(up\;to\;5\;{\mu}m\;of\;iron)$ was identified as Burkholderia sp. Hydroxamate type siderophore produced by Burkholderia sp. CAS-5 was partially purified. MMP inhibitory activity of siderophore was confirmed by gelatin zymography. The $Zn^{2+}-chelating$ activity of siderophore correlated with the inhibition of MMP-2 activity.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.323-328
• /
• 2020

Direct injection of genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 system into developing embryos has been widely used to generate genetically engineered pigs. The approach allows us to produce pigs carrying targeted modifications at high efficiency without having to apply somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the targeted modifications during embryogenesis often result in mosaicism, which causes issues in phenotyping founder animals and establishing a group of pigs carrying intended modifications. This study was aimed to establish a genomic PCR and sequencing system of a single blastomere in the four-cell embryos to detect potential mosaicism. We performed genomic PCR in four individual blastomeres from four-cell embryos. We successfully amplified target genomic region from single blastomeres of 4-cell stage embryo by PCR. Sanger sequencing of the PCR amplicons obtained from the blastomeres suggested that PCR-based genotyping of single blastomere was a feasible method to determine mutation type generated by genome editing technology such as CRISPR/Cas9 in early stage embryos. In conclusion, we successfully genotyped single blastomeres in a single 4-cell stage embryo to detect potential mosaicism in porcine embryos. Our approach offers a simple platform that can be used to screen the prevalence of mosaicism from designed CRISPR/Cas9 systems.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
• /
• 제59권9호
• /
• pp.1057-1063
• /
• 2018

Purpose: Coronary artery spasm (CAS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are implicated in endothelial dysfunction, and insulin resistance (IR) is a major etiological cause of type 2 DM. However, the association between CAS and IR in non-diabetic individuals has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of IR on CAS in patients without DM. Materials and Methods: A total of 330 eligible patients without DM and coronary artery disease who underwent acetylcholine (Ach) provocation test were enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria included both hemoglobin A1c <6.0% and fasting glucose level <110 mg/dL without type 2 DM. Patients were divided into quartile groups according the level of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): 1Q (n=82; HOMA-IR<1.35), 2Q (n=82; $1.35{\leq}HOMA-IR<1.93$), 3Q (n=83; $1.93{\leq}HOMA-IR<2.73$), and 4Q (n=83; $HOMA-IR{\geq}2.73$). Results: In the present study, the higher HOMA-IR group (3Q and 4Q) was older and had higher body mass index, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, hemoglobin A1c, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels than the lower HOMA-IR group (1Q). Also, poor IR (3Q and 4Q) was considerably associated with frequent CAS. Compared with Q1, the hazard ratios for Q3 and Q4 were 3.55 (95% CI: 1.79-7.03, p<0.001) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.07-4.21, p=0.031), respectively, after adjustment of baseline risk confounders. Also, diffuse spasm and accompanying chest pain during Ach test were more strongly associated with IR patients with CAS. Conclusion: HOMA-IR was significantly negatively correlated with reference diameter measured after nitroglycerin and significantly positively correlated with diffuse spasm and chest pain.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.487-494
• /
• 1995

본 연구는 멸치액젓의 품질개선, 개관적 품질지표의 설정 및 품질의 등급화를 위한 규격기준의 제정에 필요한 기초 자료를 제시하고저 수행되었다. 시판 멸치액젓의 식염함량은 대체로 $21.0{\sim}23.2%$, 평균 22.1%이었고, 총질소량 및 아미노질소량은 각각 $928.0{\sim}1870.9\;mg%$ 및 $338.6{\sim}680.3\;mg%$ 범위로서 재래식 액젓의 2258.1 mg% 및 882.9 mg%에 비해 훨씬 적었다. 시료의 색조는 시판품이 재래식에 비해 L값 및 b값은 다소 낮은 반면, a값 및 ${\Delta}E$값은 높았고, 저장기간이 경과할수록 a값 및 ${\Delta}E$은 증가하여 갈변화가 뚜렷이 진행되었다. 시판액젓의 생균수는 식염무첨가배지에서 최대 $3.0{\times}10^4/ml$, 식염 2.5%첨가배지에서는 $2.2{\times}10^5/ml$까지 검출되었으며, 재래식 액젓의 생균수는 이보다 훨씬 많았다. 시판 액젓의 유리아미노산의 총함량은 $5498.5{\sim}12123.8\;mg%$, 평균 8446.4 mg로서 제조원에 따라 2배 이상의 함량 차이를 보였으며. 재래식 액젓의 총함량은 12787.9 mg%였다. 유리아미노산의 조성에서 Glu 함량은 서로 비슷하였으나, 그외 주요 아미노산인 Ala, Val, Ile, Leu 및 Lys 등은 재래식이 시판품에 비하여 훨씬 많았다. Hypoxanthine의 함량은 시판품에 $86.4{\sim}161.2\;mg%$, 재래식에는 103.7 mg%이 함유되어 있었고, TMAO 및 TMA는 시판품에 각각 $51.6{\sim}99.2\;mg$ 및 $23.2{\sim}42.9\;mg%$, 재래식에는 128.8 mg 및 55.8 mg% 함유되어 있었다. 관능검사 결과 일부 시판품에서 콩간장과 유사한 냄새 및 부패취가 인지되었고, 유통기한이 지난 시판품은 모두 관능적으로 맛과 냄새 면에서 변질의 징조가 나타났다. 재래식 액젓은 저장 2년째까지 품질이 그대로 유지되고 있었으나, 그 이후 관능적으로 급속히 품질이 저하되었다. 이상의 결과에서 시판 멸치액젓은 제조원에 따라 철저한 품질의 관리 및 규격화가 요구되었으며, 제품의 조단백질 함량, 총질소 및 아미노질소량, 산도, 유리아미노산의 함량 및 조성 등이 품질개선 및 품질지표 설정을 위한 자료항목으로 기대되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제37권5_1호
• /
• pp.1029-1042
• /
• 2021

차세대 중형위성 사업의 일환으로 농지 및 산림에서의 원격 탐사를 위하여 농림위성 (차세대 중형위성 4호)이 발사 예정에 있다. 위성 영상에서 식생의 정량적인 정보를 얻기 위해서는 대기보정을 통한 지표 반사도 취득이 선행되어야 하므로 농림위성을 위한 대기보정 기술 개발은 불가피할 것으로 생각된다. 특히 대기에서의 흡수와 산란 특성은 파장에 따라 다르게 나타나므로 농림위성 파장 영역을 고려한 대기보정 파라미터 민감도 분석이 필요하다. 또한, 농림위성은 5개 채널(Blue, Green, Red, Red edge, Near-infrared)을 보유하고있어 대기보정 주요 파라미터인 AOD (Aerosol optical depth)와 WV (Water vapor)를 직접 산출하기 어려우므로 이를 외부에서 제공할 수 있는 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 농림위성과 유사한 사양을 가진 Sentinel-2 위성 영상을 이용하여 주요 파라미터인 AOD, WV, O₃ 민감도 분석을 수행하고, 파라미터 제공을 위해 천리안 2A (GK2A; GEO-KOMPSAT-2A) 정지궤도 복합위성의 산출물을 이용하여 대기보정 파라미터로서의 활용 가능성을 살펴보았다. 민감도 분석 결과는 AOD가 가장 중요한 파라미터임을 보여주었으며, 근적외선 채널보다는 가시광 채널에서 더 큰 민감도를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 Blue 채널에서 AOD의 20%의 변화는 지표 반사도에서 약 100%의 오차율을 야기하므로 정확한 지표 반사도 취득을 위해서는 높은 신뢰성을 가진 AOD가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. GK2A AOD 산출물을 이용한 대기보정 결과는 토지피복별 분류 가능성을 이용하여 Sentienl-2 L2A 자료와 비교한 결과, 두 모델별 분류 가능성은 유사하였으나, 파장대가 짧은 영역일수록 GK2A AOD 산출물을 적용한 대기보정 결과가 Sentinel-2 L2A보다 높게 나타났다. 이를 통해 GK2A에서 제공되는 산출물이 향후 농림위성 대기보정 파라미터로서 충분히 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 추후 농림위성 발사 후 대기보정에 참고 자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.