• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1882-1893
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• 2019

β-Glucosidases and β-xylosidases are two categories of enzymes that could cleave out non-reducing, terminal β-D-glucosyl and β-D-xylosyl residues with release of D-glucose and D-xylose, respectively. In this paper, two functional β-glucosidase Dth3 and β-xylosidase Xln-DT from Dictyoglomus thermophilum were heterologously expressed in E.coli BL21 (DE3). Dth3 and Xln-DT were relatively stable at 75℃ and were tolerant or even stimulated by glucose and xylose. Dth3 was highly tolerant to glucose with a K_i value of approximately 3 M. Meanwhile, it was not affected by xylose in high concentration. The activity of Xln-DT was stimulated 2.13-fold by 1 M glucose and 1.29-fold by 0.3 M xylose, respectively. Furthermore, the βglucosidase Dth3 and β-xylosidase Xln-DT showed excellent selectivity to cleave the outer C-6 and C-3 sugar moieties of ASI, which established an effective and green method to produce the more pharmacologically active CAG, an exclusive telomerase activator. We measured temperature, pH and dosage of enzyme using a single-factor experiment in ASI biotransformation. After optimization, the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: 75℃, pH 5.5, 1 U of Dth3 and 0.2 U of Xln-DT, respectively. Under the optimized conditions, 1 g/l ASI was transformed into 0.63 g/l CAG with a corresponding molar conversion of 94.5% within 3 h. This is the first report to use the purified thermostable and sugar-tolerant enzymes from Dictyoglomus thermophilum to hydrolyze ASI synergistically, which provides a specific, environment-friendly and cost-effective way to produce CAG.

• 생약학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-helicobacter activity of the ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (Coptidis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Tuber and Trichosanthis Semen) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids, which is one of the components of Sohamhyoongtang. Crude ethanol extract of Sohamhyoongtang (ESHHT) and Coptidis Rhizoma total alkaloids (CRTA) were used for this experiment. Five different types of H. pylori (including H. pylori 26695) were used as test strain. To determine anti-helicobacter activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by agar dilution method. The effect of ESHHT and CRTA on the gene expression of H. pylori was investigated by quantitative realtime-PCR (qRT-PCR). MICs of ESHHT against five H. pylori strains were $250{\sim}500{\mu}g/ml$ and MICs of CRTA against five H. pylori strains were $50{\sim}200{\mu}g/ml$. Four representative virulence genes of H. pylori, cagA, ureA, ureB and ureI were tested as target genes for qRT-PCR. According to the qRT-PCR results, both ESHHT and CRTA markedly repressed the expression of cagA gene of H. pylori 26695 (6.91 and 20 folds respecively). These results showed that the ESHHT and CRTA demonstrated antihelicobacter properties, suggesting their potential use in gastritis or duodenal ulcer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2021

Previously, we reported that tissue factor (Tf) was included in the list of differentially expressed genes as an upregulated gene in a rejected porcine heart after xenotransplantation into monkey. In this study, we analyzed that expression of Tf in aortic endothelial cells (pAEC) isolated from alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout pig in response to allogeneic porcine serum and xenogeneic human serum. The consequence was significant upregulation of Tf expression by responding to human serum compared with porcine serum. To analyze the function of Tf gene as a promoter, we constructed reporter vectors for expression of luciferase linked to 1,246 and 787 base pairs of porcine Tf (pTF1246 and pTF787), and 535 base pairs of human TF (hTF535) sequences including putative promoter regions and AP-1 biding site at the 5' end. The reporter vectors were transfected into pAEC including cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β-actin (CAG)-luciferase vector as a control. Luciferase assay showed that all of the promoters were insufficient to express luciferase compared with CAG promoter in basic culture conditions. Notably, pTF1246, pTF787, and hTF535 led to a significant increase of luciferase expression in response to human serum compared with porcine serum while no change of CAG. pTF1246 and pTF787 showed higher expression than hTF535. Taken together, our findings suggest that pTF1246 and pTF787 promoters could mediate target gene expression specifically at xenogeneic stress condition.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2007

목 적 : Lewis b($Le^b$) 항원과 BabA 단백은 H. pylori가 위점막에 부착하는 것과 연관이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 소아에서 H pylori 감염에 대한 위점막의 면역 반응은 성인에서의 반응과 차이가 있을 것으로 추정되지만 Le 항원의 발현에 관한 연구는 매우 드물다. 이에 저자들은 국내 소아 H. pylori 양성 환자의 위점막에서 Le 항원의 발현 양상을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 1월까지 상부 위장관 증상 때문에 소아과를 방문하여 내시경 검사를 시행받은 소아 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 위전정부에서 최소한 2개 이상의 조직 검체를 생검하여 CLO 검사와 조직 특수 염색(Warthin-starry) 검사를 각각 시행하여 모두 양성인 경우에 H. pylori에 감염된 것으로 판정하였다. H. pylori 양성 35명과 H. pylori 음성 19명의 위점막 파라핀 조직에서 DNA를 추출하여 cagA, babA2 특이 시발체를 이용하여 PCR을 시행하였다. 위점막 생검 조직을 대상으로 $Le^a$, $Le^b$, $Le^x$와 $Le^y$ 항체를 사용하여 면역조직화학적 염색을 시행한 다음 각각의 Le 항원의 발현 정도를 평가하였다. 결 과 : H. pylori 양성 환자에서 $Le^a$ 항원은 60%(21명/35명), $Le^b$ 항원 97%(34명/35명), $Le^x$ 항원 88%, $Le^y$ 항원은 100%에서 발현이 확인되었다. H. pylori 음성 환아군에서는 $Le^a$, $Le^b$, $Le^x$ 및 $Le^y$ 항원이 각각 52%, 100%, 89%, 100%에서 발현되었다. H. pylori 양성 유무에 따른 $Le^b$ 항원 발현의 차이는 없었다. CagA 및 babA2 유전자는 H. pylori 양성 환자군 중 각각 65.7%(23명/35명), 25.6%(8명/35명)에서 확인되었다. Lewis 항원들의 발현에 따른 H. pylori 감염, cagA 양성 및 babA2 양성율의 차이는 없었다. 결 론 : 국내 소아의 위점막에서 높은 $Le^x$와 $Le^y$ 항원의 발현율을 확인할 수 있었으나 H. pylori 감염 및 babA2의 양성 여부와는 관련이 없었다. Lewis 항원 이외의 다른 점막 수용체들과 세균 독소들에 대한 지속적 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2005

Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a prevalent and potentially life threatening illness. American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society America recommend combination therapies with ${\beta}-lactam$ plus a macrolide or a fluoroquinolone monotherapy for the empirical treatment of CAP. The aim of this study was to compare moxifloxacin monotherapy with cephalosporin plus azithromycin combination therapies. From January 2004 to March 2005, 18 patients in the moxifloxacin group(MG) and 21 patients in the cefuroxime or ceftriaxone plus azithromycin group(CAG) with CAP were retrospectively reviewed with regard to clinical, laboratory and microbiological data. Each patient was stratified into mild (risk class I-II), moderate (risk class III) and severe (risk class VI, V) group according to and PSI (Pneumonia Severity Index) score. Each group was compared for microbiological eradication, clinical assessment, the length of hospital stay. As results, Total 39 patients with CAP were reviewed. The appropriateness of admission was 83.3% in MC vs. 76.2% in CAC. The mean length of the hospital day was for 8.31 days vs. 7.39 days, days switching parenteral to oral antibiotics in 5.19 days vs. 5.28 days, clinical improvement in 2.43 days vs. 2.61 days in MG vs. CAC. Radiological improvement required 3.75 days vs 3.63 days in MG vs. CAG and bacteriological eradication rate at discharge was the same in the both groups. Mortality rate was 11.1% (2 of 18) vs 14.3% (3 of 21) in MG vs. CAG (p=0.77). Drug cost of the mean 5 hospital days requiring parenteral antibiotics was the most inexpensive in moxifloxacin group for the 147,045 won, and ceftriaxone 1g-azithromycin group for the 170,285 won, cefuroxime bid-azithromycin group for the 207,800 won, ceftriaxone 2g-azithromycin group far the 220,570 won, cefuroxime tid-azithromycin group for the 251,700 won. There was no significant statistical difference in clinical, bacterial, radiological cure and hospital days, and switch to oral days. In conclusion, that i.v. moxifloxacin monotherapy was as effective as azithromycin plus cefuroxime or ceftriaxone combination therapies fur the treatment of CAP. In drug cost analysis, moxifloxacin is less expensive than CAG.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.140-147
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• 2004

본 논문은 정보기술 향상 필요성을 공감하고 있는 독특한 세 기구의 임무를 소개한다. 세계기상기구의 농업 기상위원회는 회원국의 농업생산 지원과 자연자원 보전을 위한 농업기상서비스 개선에 대한 전구적인 책임을 지니고 있다. 미국 농무성의 세계농업전망위원회는 매월 전 세계 농업 생산과 수요 예측을 발표하는데, 이는 정부와 산업계에서 생산량과 교역량 결정시 벤치마크로 사용하고 있다. 미국의 하원결의로 조직된 한발정책위원회는 위기 관리보다는 대응책 수립에 주안을 둔 국가 단위 한발정책 수립을 담당하고 있다. 이 세 기구는 모두 농업기상에서의 IT활용의 필요성을 인식하고 있으며 이들 기술을 보완하는 데 지금까지 적극적인 자세를 취해오고 있다. 농업기상정보는 사용자에게 적시에 적절한 방법으로 전달된다면 여러 가지 농업의사결정에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 필수적인 요소가 될 것이다. 농업은 국지, 지역 및 전구단위 경제발전의 중추역할을 담당한다. 그러므로 다양한 농업분야에서 농업기상 응용물의 활용강화를 통해 다양한 경제발전을 도모할 수 있다. 정보기술의 발달은 또한 농업기상 현장활용물의 전달을 위한 새로운 수단을 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 세계농업기상정보서비스(WAMIS)는 세계기상기구 회원국들에게 농업기상 회보와 훈련기회를 제공하는 농업기상 전용웹서버로 전구 인터넷망의 장점을 이용하고 있다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.22-37
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• 2007

The autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, clinically and genetically heterogeneous, characterized by degeneration of spinocerebellar pathways with variable involvement of other neural systems. At present, 27 distinct genetic forms of SCAs are known: SCA1-8, SCA10-21, SCA23, SCA25-28, DRPLA (dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy), and 16q-liked ADCA (autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia). Epidemiological data about the prevalence of SCAs are restricted to a few studies of isolated geographical regions, and most do not reflect the real occurrence of the disease. In general a prevalence of about 0.3-2 cases per 100,000 people is assumed. As SCA are highly heterogeneous, the prevalence of specific subtypes varies between different ethnic and continental populations. Most recent data suggest that SCA3 is the commonest subtype worldwide; SCA1, SCA2, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA8 have a prevalence of over 2%, and the remaining SCAs are thought to be rare (prevalence <1%). In this review, we highlight and discuss the SCA7. The hallmark of SCA7 is the association of hereditary ataxia and visual loss caused by pigmentary macular degeneration. Visual failure is progressive, bilateral and symmetrical, and leads irreversibly to blindness. This association represents a distinct disease entity classified as autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA) type II by Harding. The disease affectsprimarily the cerebellum and the retina by the moderate to severe neuronal loss and gliosis, but also many other central nervous system structures as the disease progresses. SCA7 is caused by expansion of an unstable trinucleotide CAG repeat in the ATXN7 gene encoding a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the corresponding protein, ataxin-7. Normal ATXN7 alleles contain 4-35 CAG repeats, whereas pathological alleles contain from 36->450 CAG repeats. Immunoblott analysis demonstrated that ataxin-7 is widely expressed but that expression levels vary among tissues. Instability of expanded repeats is more pronounced in SCA7 than in other SCA subtypes and can cause substantial lowering of age at onset in successive generations termed ‘anticipation’ so that children may become diseased even before their parents develop symptoms. The strong anticipation in SCA7 and the rarity of contractions should have led to its extinction within a few generations. There is no specific drug therapy for this neurodegenerative disorder. Currently, therapy remains purely symptomatic. Cellular models and SCA7 transgenic mice have been generated which constitute valuable resources for studying the disease mechanism. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms of neurodegeneration in SCAs should lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and ultimately facilitate drug discovery. Here we summarize the clinical, pathological, and genetic aspects of SCA7, and review the current understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. Further, we also review the potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being explored in polyglutamine diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.583-590
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• 2001

배경: 심폐바이패스없이 심박동상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술 후의 각종 도관들의 1년째 개통율을 심패바이패스하의 심정지상태에서 시행하는 통상적 관상동맥우회술 및 심폐바이패스하의 심박동상태에서 시행한 관상동맥우회술 후의 1년재 개통율과 각각 비교하고 그 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 심폐바이패스없이 심박동상태에서 시행한 관상동맥우회술(I군; n=122)의 결과를 심폐바이패스하의 심정지상태에서 시행하는 통상적 관상동맥우회술(II군; n=65) 및 심폐바이패스하의 심박동상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술(III군; n=19)의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. I 군에서는 수술 직후와 수술후 1년째에 관상동맥조영술이 시행되었고, II군 및 III군에서는 수술후 1년째에서 시행되었다. 도관의 개통정도는 A(excellent), B(fair), 혹은 O(occluded)의 3등급으로 평가하였다. 결과: I, II, III군에서의 평균 원위 문합수는 각각 3.1$\pm$1.1, 3.7$\pm$0.9, 3.6$\pm$0.9개 이었다. I 군에서는 92%(112/122)의 환자들에서 퇴원 전 관상동맥조영술이 시행되었는데 개통율 (A+B)은 동맥 도관이 96.4%(162/168), 복재정맥이 85.6%(160/187) 이었다. 74%(90/122)의 환자들에서 술후 1년째 관상동맥조영술이 시행되었으며, 개통율은 동맥 도관이 97.89%(132/135), 복재정맥이 67.9%(106/156) 이었다. II군에서는 65%(42/65)의 환자들에서 술후 1년째 관상동맥조영술이 시행되었다. 개통율은 동맥 도관이 93.5%(43/46), 복재정맥이 88.3%(98/111) 이었다. III군에서는 89%(17/19)DML 환자들에서 술후 1년째 관상동맥조영술이 시행되었다. TRO통율은 동맥 도관이 100%(19/19), 복재정맥이 86.8%(33/38) 이었다. 결론: 세 군간에 동맥 도관들의 1년째 개통율은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 심폐바이패스 없이 심박동상태에서 시행하는 관상동맥우회술후 복재정맥의 개통율은 수술 직후에도 동맥 도관에 비하여 유의하게 낮았으며(p<0.001), 술후 1년째 복재정맥 개통율 또한 II군(p<0.001) 및 III(p<0.01)의 수술후 1년째 복재정맥 개통율에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 복재정맥을 이용하여 심폐바이패스없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술의 경우, 수술전후 항응고 요법에 특별한 주의가 필요할 것이라는 사실을 시사한다.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

All the countries in RA II (Asia Region in WMO) welcome the establishment of a Web site dedicated to agricultural meteorology, because it is believed that the best way to improve and speed up the flow of information is the use of the Internet and the establishment of a Web site. In providing recommendation for the promotion and improvement of the AgroMeteorological service in RA II, a couple of key suggestions were proposed: (a) Exchanges of data and AgroMeteorological knowledge between member countries and between RAs, (b) Exchanges of experts between member countries as a necessary way to share the knowledge, and (c) Joint research between member countries to solve common problems in AgroMeteorological affairs. In order to meet the above requirements for RA II, an AgroMeteorological information network will be the most critical and dynamic aspect in sustainable agriculture in this region. In addition, the establishment of a Core AgroMeteorological station, recommended by CAgM of WMO, will require its own information sharing systems for communication among member countries. Inevitable use of information technologies (IT) such as information networks, databases, simulation models, GIS, and RS for regional impact assessment of environmental change on AgroEcosystem will be enforced. Thus, the regional Internet-based Agrometeorological information network has been in place since 1999, though all contributions to it have been volunteered by individuals, institutes, universities, etc.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2002

The soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Inchinoe; SCN) is a devastating pest of soybean and is responsible for significant losses in yield. The use of resistant cultivars is the effective method to reduce or eliminate SCN damage. The objective of this research is to identify AFLP markers linked to the SCN resistant genes. Bulked genomic DNA was made from resistant and susceptible genotypes to SCN and a total of 19 primer combinations were used. About 31 fragments were detected per primer combination. The banding patterns were readily distinguished in resistant and susceptible bulked genotypes. Polymorphic fragments were detected between resistant and susceptible bulked genotypes in the primer combination of CGT/GGC, CAG/GTG and CTC/GAG. In primer combinations of CGT/GGC and CAG/GTG, bulked resistant genotype produced a polymorphic bands. However, in primer of CTC/GAG, bulked susceptible genotype produced a polymorphic fragments. Three AFLP markers identified as a polymorphic fragments between bulked genomic DNA were mapped in 85 F2 population. Among them, only two markers, CGT/GGC and CTC/GAG, was linked and was mapped. Broad application of AFLP marker would be possible for improving resistant cultivars to SCN.