• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.515-529
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• 2018

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of calpain system on the formation of volatile flavor compounds in Hanwoo beef. In the first experiment (exp.1), Longissimus lumborum (LL) muscle samples were injected with solutions containing 50 mM $CaCl_2$ or 50 mM $ZnCl_2$ and 154 mM NaCl respectively, and aged for 7 d at $4^{\circ}C$. In the second experiment (exp.2), the ground LL muscle was incubated with the aforementioned solutions containing cathepsin inhibitor. The injection with $CaCl_2$ solution greatly elevated the calpain activity and concomitantly, significantly decreased the Warner-Bratzler shear force (p<0.05). The pH, meat color and cooking loss did not differ (p>0.05) between the treatment groups. A total of 51 volatile compounds were identified using the solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography (SPME-GC). Results on volatile analyses from the both experiments showed that the injection with calcium ions led to significant increase (p<0.05) concentrations of pyrazines and sulfuric compounds. These results coincide with a higher rate of protein degradation due to the $CaCl_2$ injection as compared to the control group. Significantly (p<0.05) higher levels of lipid oxidation derived-aldehydes were found in the samples with $ZnCl_2$. The exp.1 showed that cathepsin inhibitors had no effect on the formation of volatile flavor components after 7 d of aging. These results imply that the proteolytic activity of the calpain system is associated with generation of volatile compounds of chiller-aged beef, while the role of cathepsins is likely very limited.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2006

Buffer layers such as $CeO_2\;and\;Yb_2O_3$ films for YBCO coated conductors were deposited on (100) $SrTiO_3$ single crystals and (100) textured Ni substrates by a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system of the hot-wall type. The substrates were moved with the velocity of 40 cm/hr. Source flow rate, $Ar/O_2$ flow rate and deposition temperature were main processing variables. The degree of film epitaxy and surface morphology were investigated using XRD and SEM, respectively. On a STO substrate, the $CeO_2$ film was well grown epitaxially above the deposition temperature of $450^{\circ}C$. However, on a Ni substrate, the XRD showed NiO (111) and (200) peaks due to Ni oxidation as well as (111) and (200) film growth. For the films deposited with $O_2$ gas as oxygen source, it was found that the NiO film was formed at the interface between the buffer layer and the Ni substrate. The NiO layer interrupts the epitaxial growth of the buffer layer. It seems that the epitaxial growth of the buffer layer on Ni metal substrates using $O_2$ gas is difficult. We are considering a new method avoiding Ni oxidation with $H_2O$ vapor instead of $O_2$ gas.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2008

Measurements of surface resistance ($R_s$) of high temperature superconductor (HTS) films with accuracy are essential for microwave applications of HTS materials. In using the dielectric resonator method, uncertainties in the unloaded quality factor of the resonator cause significant errors in the measured $R_s$ of HTS films. We compare the Rs values of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ films calculated from the $Q_0$ as determined from the Lorentzian fit with that from the $Q_0$ as determined from the S-parameter circle-fit at temperatures between 15 K and 77 K. The two sets of values appeared to differ by 5%, 7%, 6%, and 11% at temperatures of 15, 60, 70, and 77 K, respectively, from each other, implying that careful error analysis needs to be performed in obtaining the $R_s$ of HTS films by using the Lorentzian-fit method, with the ones determined from the S-parameter circle-fit used as the reference.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1615-1621
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• 2005

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are widely implicated in the aging process and age-related diseases. The present study was carried out to investigate scavenging activities of Junglans sinensis extract and its subfraction using fluorescent probes, DCF-DA, DAF-2 and DHR 123. Jungians sinensis was washed and crushed. The crushed Junglans sinensis was extracted 3times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 16 g. Scavenging activities of $ONOO^-$ was measured by Kooy' method and ROS was measured by DCFDA assay. Junglans sinensis had the marked scavenging activites of $ONOO^-$, NO and $O_2^-$. Junglans sinensis scavenged $ONOO^-$ through electron donation and dose-dependently inhibited the nitration of bovine serum albumin by $ONOO^-$. Junglans sinensis also had ROS scavenging activity. Especially, ethylacetate fraction of Junglans sinensis showed the most effective scavenging activities for ROS and RNS. These results suggest that Junglans sinensis might be developed as an effective ROS and RNS scavenger Therefore, Junglans sinensis might be used as a preventive agent for the aging and relevant to aging of illness.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.176-182
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• 2008

Scolopendra was known to cure erectile dysfunction. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Scolopendra on the nitric oxide synthase activity, nitrite level, cyclic-GMP and erectile responses in rat's corpus cavernosum penis. The crushed Scolopendra was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 14.2 g. Scolopendra extract was oral-administered 50 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 30 days. First, samples were treated with Scolopendra, and then ethanol-treated rats and L-N-Nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats were fed with the samples. The level of urethral nitrite and nitric oxide synthase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral cyclic-GMP and guanylate cyclase actiyity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were as high as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. The level of urethral phosphodiesterase activity in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats was as low as in the normal group, while the one in the ethanol-treated group was increased. The erectile response to a cavernous nerve stimulation in L-NAME $(10^{-4})-treated$ rats was restored by the Scolopendra to the similar level seen in the normal group. The electile response to cavernous nerve stimulation in the ethanol-Scolopendra double administered rats were increased as high as in the normal group while the one in the ethanol-treated group was decreased. Scolopendra was effective in restoring the ethanol-induced or L-NAME-induced erectile dysfunction in rats.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.260-267
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• 1981

Left atrial myxoma is a rare disease and its recurrence is reported to be always possible whenever primary excision is incomplete. Cardiac Myxoma is rare disease of the heart, and it has a little chance of recurrence. We experienced a patient of recurrent left atrial myxoma who was 31 years old, had been gotten excision of Lt. atrial myxoma when she was 28 years of her age. She was gotten mitral valve replacement simultaneously during 2nd operation with difficulty. So we report this case with the review of the literatures. [KTCS 1981;3:260-267]Surgical Treatment of Acute Pyogenic Pericarditis followed the Sepsis Ki Woo Shin, M.D.,* Ho Wan Lee, M.D.* and Dong Jun Lee, M.D.* Two cases of acute pyogenic pericarditis are, one case, 12-year-old male patient, followed the bacteremia of pneumonia and other case, 9 year old female patient, followed the bacteremia of osteomyelitis. After the confirmed diagnosis by pericardial aspiration, the emergency pericardial window was made to relief the severe cardiogenic symptoms. The general symptoms were improved immediately, but 40 days and 15 days after pericardiostomy, in each case, the sign and symptoms of cardiac compression were seen with recurrent cardiac tamponade. Pericardiectomy with median sternotomy was performed in each case and thereafter the patients were discharged without any problems.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2012

ZrN nanoparticles were prepared by an exothermic reduction of $ZrCl_4$ with $NaN_3$ in the presence of NaCl flux in a nitrogen atmosphere. Using a solid-state combustion approach, we have demonstrated that the zirconium nitride nanoparticles synthesis process can be completed in only several minutes compared with a few hours for previous synthesis approaches. The chemistry of the combustion process is not complex and is based on a metathesis reaction between $ZrCl_4$ and $NaN_3$. Because of the low melting and boiling points of the raw materials it was possible to synthesize the ZrN phase at low combustion temperatures. It was shown that the combustion temperature and the size of the particles can be readily controlled by tuning the concentration of the NaCl flux. The results show that an increase in the NaCl concentration (from 2 to 13 M) results in a temperature decrease from 1280 to $750^{\circ}C$. ZrN nanoparticles have a high surface area (50-70 $m^2/g$), narrow pore size distribution, and nano-particle size between 10 and 30 nm. The activation energy, which can be extracted from the experimental combustion temperature data, is: E = 20 kcal/mol. The method reported here is self-sustaining, rapid, and can be scaled up for a large scale production of a transition metal nitride nanoparticle system (TiN, TaN, HfN, etc.) with suitable halide salts and alkali metal azide.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.292-297
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• 2017

A metallic oxide layer of a heat-resistant element contributes to the high-temperature oxidation resistance by delaying the oxidation and has a positive effect on the increase in electrical resistivity. In this study, green compacts of Fecralloy powder mixed with amorphous and crystalline silica are oxidized at $950^{\circ}C$ for up to 210 h in order to evaluate the effect of metal oxide on the oxidation and electrical resistivity. The weight change ratio increases as per a parabolic law, and the increase is larger than that observed for Fecralloy owing to the formation of Fe-Si, Fe-Cr composite oxide, and $Al_2O_3$ upon the addition of Si oxide. Si oxides promote the formation of $Al_2O_3$ and Cr oxide at the grain boundary, and obstruct neck formation and the growth of Fecralloy particles to ensure stable electrical resistivity.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Bioavailability of ipriflavone (3-phenyl-7-isopropoxy-4H-I-benzopyran-4-one, IP), an antiosteoporotic drug with poor water-solubility, was studied for various types of pharmaceutical preparation in SD rats. The IP preparation types included (1) intact IP, (2) freezer milled IP (FIP), (3) freezer milled IP physically mixed with freezer milled poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (FIP+FPVP) and (4) spray-dried IP with PVP (SIP). Upon oral administration, SIP showed significantly higher absorption and elimination half-lives and the lag time $(t_{lag})$ than those of FIP+FPVP (approximately 2-fold). These results may be due to a sustained releasing effect of IP in the gastrointestinal tract by spray-drying with PVP. The $C_{max}$ of SIP was about 2 and 10 times higher than those of FIP+FPVP and FIP, respectively. The AUC of SIP was about 6 times higher than that of FIP+FPVP and 60 times that of FIP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that SIP consisted of the finest particle size and minimal aggregation than other IP preparations. It is concluded that the IP formula prepared by the spray-drying method with PVP is the most effective approach to the improvement of bioavailability of IP.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to assess a biochemical methane potential of giant miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) which was a promising candidate energy crop due to a high biomass productivity, in order to utilize as a feedstock for the biogas production. METHODSANDRESULTS: Giant miscanthus was sampled the elapsing drying time of 6 months after harvesting. TS (Total Solid) and VS (Volatile Solid) contents were 94.7 and 90.8%. And CP (Crude Protein), EE (Ether Extracts), and CF (Crude Fiber) contents of giant miscanthus were 1.4, 0.46, and 46.12%, respectively. In the organic composition of giant miscanthus, the NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) representing cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose contents showed 86.88%, and the ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) representing cellulose and lignin contents was 62.91%. Elemental composition of giant miscanthus showed 47.75%, 6.44%, 41.00%, and 0.28% for C, H, O, and N, respectively, and then, theoretical methane potential was obtained to $0.502Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$. Biochemical methane potential was assessed as the range of $0.154{\sim}0.241Nm^3kg^{-1}-VS_{added}$ resulting the lower organic biodegradability of 30.7~48.0%. CONCLUSION: Therefore the development of pretreatment technology of the giant miscanthus was needed for the improvement of anaerobic digestability.