• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제52권4호
• /
• pp.265-270
• /
• 2010

본 실험은 지방대사에 영향을 주는 후보 유전자의 발현양상을 조사하기 위하여 bovine mesenchymal stem cell을 이용하여 체외에서 지방분화를 유도하였고, 지방분화 경과에 따른 지방관련 후보유전자의 발현양상을 분석 하였다. Oil red-O 염색법을 이용하여 지방 분화양상을 조사한 결과, 지방 분화 단계별(0, 2, 4 및 6일)로 붉게 염색된 지방적이 증가되었음을 확인하였고, 지방대사의 indicator인 PPAR$\gamma$와 FABP4 유전자는 지방분화 0일과 비교하여 6일에는 각각 3.11배와 3.11배가 증가하였다. 또한 지방대사와 관련이 있다고 추측되는 ICER, NOV, HSPB1 및 SDH 유전자의 발현양상을 조사한 결과, 지방분화 동안 ICER 유전자는 계속적으로 증가하여 6일은 0일에 비해 4.12배의 유의적인 증가를 보인 반면, NOV, HSPB1 및 SDH 유전자의 발현양은 0일 이후 계속적으로 감소하여, 6일에서 각각 2.89배, 3.18배 및 2.36배의 감소를 나타냈다. 본 실험에서, 등심조직에서 근내지방도에서 차이를 나타냈던 ICER, NOV, HSPB1 및 SDH 유전자를 보다 구체적이고 직접적으로 세포에서 지방분화를 통해 연관성을 조사했을 때, 지방분화와 직접적으로 관련되어 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 지방 대사를 조절하는 유전자로 추정된다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
• /
• 제29권2호
• /
• pp.69-73
• /
• 2005

The hematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (EPO) is required for the maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation of the stem cells that produce erythrocytes. To analyse the biological activity of the recombinant human EPO (rec-hEPO), we have cloned the EPO cDNA and genomic DNA and produced rec-hEPO in the CHO cell lines. The growth and differentiation of EPO-dependent human leukemic cell line (F36E) were used to measure cytokine dependency and in vitro bioactivity of rec-hEPO. MIT assay values were increased by survival of F36E cells at 24h or 72h. The hematocrit and RBC values were increased by subcutaneous injection of 20 IU (in mice) and 100IU(in rats) rec-hEPO. Hematocrit values remarkably increased at $13.2\%$ (in mice) and $12.2\%$ (in rats). The pharmacokinetic behavior with injection of 6 IU of rec-hEPO remained detectable after 24 h in all mice tested. The highest peat appeared at 2h after injection. The long half-life of rec-hEPO is likely to confer clinical advantages by allowing less frequent dosing in patients treated for anemia. These data demonstratethat ree-hEPO produced in this study has a potent activity in vivo and in vitro. The results also suggest that biological activity of ree-hEPO could be remarkably enhanced by genetic engineering that affects the potential activity, including mutants with added oligosaccharide chain and designed to produce EPO-EPO fusion protein.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제20권12호
• /
• pp.1820-1826
• /
• 2007

In this study, we conducted various experiments in order to develop enhanced cultural conditions for in vitro-produced porcine embryos. All embryos were produced by in vitro maturation (IVM) and fertilization (IVF) of immature oocytes from abattoir-derived ovaries. In experiment 1, we cultured IVF embryos in 4 different groups, namely, 0% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 3% BSA, 0.05% Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and 0.5% Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) added to the basal fluid cultural medium, Porcine zygote medium 3 (PZM-3). The rates of embryo development were higher in the group where the PZM-3 media had been supplemented with 3% BSA than the other groups. While not statistically significant, the percent of blastocysts and hatched blastocytes were 6.9% and 25.0% in the 3% BSA group vs. 1.2-6.4% and 0-16.7% in the other groups, respectively. In experiment 2, we added 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to PZM-3 on day 0 of culture and observed the development rate of blastocysts per day of culture from days 0 to 5. The development rate of blastocysts was higher at 15.6% on day 4 than on any other day, and was significantly higher than on day 0 or day 1 (p<0.05). The development rate of hatched blastocysts was 26.7% on day 4, and was higher than on any other day. In experiment 3, we cultured IVF embryos with different fluid culture media, grouped as 1) PZM-3+0.3% BSA (day0-day7); 2) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$day-4) PZM-3+10% FBS; 3) PZM-3+0.3% BSA${\rightarrow}$PZM-3+0.3% BSA+(day-4) FBS 10%; and 4) PZM-3+0.3% BSA+10% FBS (day0-day7). The development rates of blastocysts and hatched blastocysts were 21.5% and 53.1% in group 3, respectively, which was significantly higher than group 4 with respect to blastocyst development (5.2%, p<0.05) but not hatched blastocysts (14.3%). The total cell number (TCN) of blastocysts in group 3 was higher at $37.8{\pm}16.1$ than the other groups at $16.8{\pm}4.4$ - $30.1{\pm}10.9$; however, this was not significantly different. The results of this study showed that PZM-3 containing 0.3% BSA and supplemented with FBS during the later stage of culture on day 4 resulted in better TCNs and an increased rate of hatched blastocysts.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.236-242
• /
• 2011

제주산 녹차 및 발효 정도를 20%, 50%, 80%로 달리한 3종류의 발효차를 $90^{\circ}C$ 열수에 추출하여 추출물의 항산화능, 지질과산화 억제능 그리고 혈관내피세포(CPAE)를 이용하여 산화스트레스에 대한 세포 보호효과를 조사하였다. 녹차나 다른 발효차에 비해 20% 발효차에서 항산화능을 평가하는 DPPH 소거능이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 20% 발효차의 80 ${\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 50 ${\mu}M$ 농도의 EGCG 처리와 거의 유사한 free radical 소거율을 보였다. 녹차와 3종류의 발효차 모두 LDL 산화를 억제하여 우수한 지질과 산화 억제능을 보였으나 특히 저농도인 40 ${\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시에 녹차와 20% 발효차의 경우 다른 발효차에 비해 25~30% 정도 더 LDL의 산화가 억제 되어 50 ${\mu}M$/mL EGCG 처리 시와 거의 동일한 수준의 지질과산화 억제 효과를 보였다. CPAE 세포에 녹차 및 3종류의 발효차 추출물을 처리한 실험에서 전혀 추출물을 처리하지 않은 세포에 비해 세포활성이 40~60% 증가하였다. 특히 세포에 1 mM 과산화수소를 처리하여 산화스트레스를 유발한 실험에서 녹차 및 발효차 추출물의 처리가 세포의 산화스트레스에 대한 보호효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과들은 녹차 및 발효차 추출물이 세포 내 free radical을 제거함으로써 산화스트레스에 대한 세포 보호효과에 중요한 기능 중의 하나로 작용한 것과 20% 발효차가 다른 발효차에 비해 우수한 항산화기능을 나타낸다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 1999

Biopolymer를 생산하는 Bacillus subtilis K-1과 유당 이용능이 있는 Bacillus coagulans를 융합시켜 획득된 융합주에 의해 생산된 biopolymer의 특성 변화, 생산성 향상의 연구의 일환으로 두균주의 융합을 시도하였고 융합주의 특성을 조사하였다. 원형질체 융합은 33% PEG(Mw. 6,000), 1% PVP, 10 mM $CaCl_2$이 함유된 fusion fluid(FF)에서 5분간 반응하였고, 항생제가 함유된 선별배지에 중층 후, 3일간 배양했을 때 Bacillus subtillus coagulans 변이주 들간의 융합빈도는 $4.6{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.8{\times}10^{-7}$이었다. 융합주의 세포특성 검토에서 분리된 모든 융합주의 segregation 비는 $1{\sim}6%$로 나타나 유전적으로 안정하였고, 각 균주가 요구하는 영양 요구성 marker와 항생제의 함유배지에서 생육이 확인되었다. 주요 융합주의 DNA함량은 모균주보다 $1.6{\sim}2.7$배 높게 나타났다. 융합주의 전자현미경 관찰에서두 모균주는 간상체로서 두꺼운 세포벽과 이중막을 확인할 수 있었고 원형질체 형성과정에서 팽융된 세포에서 구형의 원형질체 방출이 이루어지고, 원형질체 융합과정 및 형성된 융합체에서 융합체내 전형적인 vesicle이 확인되었으며 모균주보다는 큰 형태의 세포를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 방사선산업학회지
• /
• 제7권2_3호
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2013

Recently, chronic gamma radiation exposure on biological effects in middle dose-rates have become a serious concern. We investigated the biological effects of middle dose chronic exposure to gamma ray. Fifty male 6-week-old specific free Balb/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (four groups irradiated and one non-irradiated control group). Gamma radiation exposed in Gamma phytotron on Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (Jeongeup, Korea). Irradiation was carried out for 1 or 2 weeks using gamma rays at dose rates of 45 and $50mGy\;h^{-1}$ with total doses 7.56 Gy ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, 1 week), 8.4 Gy ($50mGy\;h^{-1}$, 1 week), 15.12 Gy ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, 2 weeks) and 16.8 Gy ($50mGy\;h^{-1}$, 2 weeks). After irradiation, immediately we sacrificed and counted body and organ weights. Moreover we counted spleen cell numbers. Compared with control non-irradiated group, all irradiated groups of body and spleen weights showed significant decreased. However, no significant alteration was observed between same irradiated period groups. In spleen cell numbers, reduced compared to the control group. However, significant alteration was observed between same irradiated period groups ($45mGy\;h^{-1}$, $50mGy\;h^{-1}$). These results demonstrated biological effects according to the radiation dose rate and irradiated period.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.122-127
• /
• 2004

On protein equivalence base, fishmeal (FM) was replaced by lysine cell mass (LCM) in selected different diets in Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf) Eight experimental diets were formulated to contain 100% FM (LC $M_{0}$), 90% FM+10% LCM (LC $M_{10}$),80% FM+20% LCM (LC $M_{20}$), 70% FM+30% LCM (LC $M_{30}$), 60% FM+40% LCM (LC $M_{40}$ ), 70% FH+30% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{+Lys}$), 60% FM+40% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{40+Lys}$), and 50% FM+50% LCM+lysine (LC $M_{50+Lys}$). Experimental individuals of the fish (12.6 g) were randomly fed on one of the experimental diets. After 6 weeks of feeding trial, weight gain (WG) and feed efficiency (FE) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$ diet was significantly (P〈0.05) higher than those of fish fed LC $M_{20}$, LC $M_{30}$, LC $M_{40}$ , LC $M_{30+Lys}$, LC $M_{40+Lys}$, and LC $M_{50+Lys}$ diets, however, there was no significant difference in WG of fish fed LC $M_{0}$ and LC $M_{10}$ diets. Supplementation of lysine has no effect on WG. There was no significant difference in condition factor (CF) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$, LC $M_{10}$ and LC $M_{20}$ diets. Hemoglobin (Hb) of fish fed LC $M_{0}$, LC $M_{10}$, LC $M_{20}$, LC $M_{30}$, LC $M_{40}$ , LC $M_{30+Lys}$, and LC $M_{40+Lys}$, diets were not significantly different from each other. No significant differences were observed in hematocrit (PCV) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility of dry matter (ADM) and protein (ADP) of diets significantly decreased with increase in dietary LCM level, though there was no difference in ADM and ADP between LC $M_{0}$ and LC $M_{10}$. These results indicate that LCM could replace up to 10% of fishmeal in Korean rockfish diets.ish diets.iets.ish diets.s.ish diets.

• 한국동물위생학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.261-279
• /
• 1997

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for improvement of raw milk from Jan. to Dec. in 1996. Sampling the milk of 367 cows(1, 406 quarters) from 5 herds in Inchon and were carried out California mastitis test(CMT), somatic cell count(SCC), isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The number of bovine mastitis was 177 cows(48.2%) and 371 quarters(26.4%) : clinical mastitis : 25 cows(6.8%), 32 quarters(2.3%) and subclinicsl mastitis : 152 cows(41.4% ), 339 quarters(24.1%). Incidence rate of mastitis by season were Summer 52.0%, Fall and Winter 48% and Spring 41%. Incidence rate of mastitis by quarters were Summer 30%, Fall 28%, Winter 25% and Spring 21%, respectively. 2. In the distribution of CMT degree by quarter, CMT positive(CMT$\pm$) of 1, 406 quarters milk were 50.1% (704 quarters). The ratio of CMT positivity by quarter were left front quarter 55.8%, right front quarter 48.9%, right hind quarter 48.6% and left hind quarter 47% The ratio of CMT positivity by season were Summer 54.1%, Fall 49.7%, Spring 48.5% and Winter 48% 3. The highest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "A" herd. Mean SCC (cell/ml) of A herd were Summer 2, 032, 000cells/ml, Fall 1, 109, 000cells/ml, Winter 782, 000cells/ml and Spring 577, 000cells/ml. The lowest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was "E" herds. Mean SCC of E herd were Summer 1, 064, 000cells/ml, Spring 795, 000cells/m1, Fall 429, 000cells/ml and Winter 400, 000cells/ml. Mean SCC of the other herds by season were little difference. 4. The milk samples of "A" herd were collected from 10 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 2 and 3 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 8 cows were than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 4 cows, Winter 3 cows, Spring and Fall 1 cow respectively. The milk samples of "B" herd were collected from 14 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 1 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 5, 9 and 14 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, No. 3, 6 and 7 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Fall and Winter 4 cows respectively, Summer 3 cows and Spring 1 cow. The milk samples of "C" herd were collected from 18 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 16 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 15 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml respectively. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 5 cows, Fall 3 cows, Spring 2 cows and Winter 1 COW. The milk sampes of "D" herd were collected 24 cows. In 3 season, mean SCC of No. 14 cow was more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 14 and 18 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Fall 15 cows, Spring and Winter 4 cows respectively and Summer 3 cows. The milk samples of "E" herd were collected from 27 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 21 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 23 cows were more than 1, 000, 000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1, 000, 000cells/ml of cows were distributed Spring and Fall 5 cows respectively, Summer and Winter 2 cows, respectively. 5. The rate of isolated pathogenic microorganisms from bovine mastitis were summarized as follows : Staphylococcus sp 168 strains(45.8%), Streptococcus sp 82 strains(22.3%), Gram(-) sp 45 strains(12.3%), Gram(＋) sp 51 strains and the other sp 21 strains(5.7%). 6. The highest of antibiotic sensitivity test of each microorganism was summarized as follows : Staphyolcoccus sp - cephalosporin 76%, gentamicin 55%, Streptococcus sp - ampicillin 61%, cephalosporin 63%, Gram(-) sp - gentamicin 58%, Gram(＋) sp - cephalosporin 63%, The other sp - cephalosporin 90%. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2001

Background: Cervical metastasis of unknown origin is defined as histologic evidence of malignancy in the cervical lymph nodes with no apparent primary site of origin for the metastatic tumor. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of 20 cervical metastasis of unknown origin diagnosed and managed between january 1989 and December 1999 at the Korea University was undertaken to determine outcome. Patient age ranged 46 to 78 years (mean 60). There were 17 men and 3 women. The aim of this study is to ananlyze the diagnostic approach and the result of treatment of the cervical metastasis of unknown origin. Result: Histopathologically, squamous cell carcinoma (15 case, 75%) were the most common, followed by adenocarcinoma (4 case, 20%), undifferentiated carcinoma (1 case, 5%) According to the criteria of the AJCC on staging, N1 was 2 cases, N2a 2 cases, N2b 5 cases, N2c 1 cases, N3 10 cases. Overall survival rate for all patients at 2 years was 45% and 5 years 25%, and in the combination therapy(surgery and radiotherapy group (12 cases)) it was 67% and 34% respectively, high compared with other treatment modality such as surgery or radiotherapy alone. In extracapsular spread positive group, 5 year survival rate was 12%, but was 33% in the extracapsular spread negative group. Conclusion: With no stastatical significance, extracapsular spread group was poor outcome in our study. Combination of radiotherapy and surgery was more effective treatment result than surgery alone or radiotherapy alone in our study. But, overall prognosis of cervical metastasis of unknown origin was very poor despite aggressive treatment (5 year survival rate: 25%).

• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1631-1636
• /
• 2008

대황(Rhei Rhizoma; RR, 대황(大黃))은 Rheum officinale Baill.와 Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae)의 땅속부분 (rhizome 및 root)으로 남아시아의 민속의학에서 간 및 신장의 손상을 치료하는데 널리 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 배양한 흰쥐 해마신경세포의 저산소증모델을 이용하여 대황의 물추출물이 신경세포사를 억제하는 효능에 대하여 조사하였다. 배양 10일(DIV10)에 RR을 배양액에 첨가하고 DIV13일에 생존율을 조사한 결과 10 ${\mu}g$/ml 농도까지는 세포독성이 없었으며, 정상산소 환경에서 2.5 ${\mu}g$/ml의 농도에서 세포생존율을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 배지에 대황을 첨가한 경우 DIV13일에 저산소증을 유도한 후 5일째에 세포생존율을 조사한 결과 대조군에 비하여 매우 유의하게 생존율을 증가시켰다. $H_2DCF$ 염색 결과 대황은 활성산소(ROS)의 생성을 유의하게 감소시킴과, JC-1 염색 결과 사립체 막전위의 소실을 유의하게 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과들은 대황 물추출물이 활성산소를 효과적으로 제거하고, 세포의 에너지 생성을 보전함으로서 세포사를 억제할 수 있음을 보여주며, 향후 뇌신경세포의 건강에 유용하게 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.