• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1170-1176
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• 2016

수분 함량과 사출구 온도, 스크루 회전속도가 분리대두단백의 조직화 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 압출성형 조건은 스크루 회전속도를 250 rpm으로 고정하고 수분 함량과 사출구 온도를 20, 25%와 120, 130, $140^{\circ}C$로 조절하였다. 또 다른 압출성형은 수분 함량과 사출구 온도를 30%와 $140^{\circ}C$로 고정하고 스크루 회전속도를 150, 200, 250, 300, 330 rpm으로 조절하였다. 사출구 온도가 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 감소하였으며, 스크루 회전속도가 150 rpm에서 330 rpm으로 증가할수록 비기계적 에너지 투입량은 증가하였다. 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 감소할수록 직경팽화율과 비 길이는 증가하였으며, 밀도는 수분 함량 20%에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 감소할수록 기공형성이 증가하여 파괴력이 감소하였으며 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, 수분 함량 20%에서 $2.07E+04N/m^2$로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 수분 함량이 25%에서 20%로 감소하면서 갈변으로 인해 명도가 감소하고 적색도와 황색도는 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 총 색도차는 증가하였다. 스크루 회전속도가 150 rpm에서 330 rpm으로 증가할수록 총 색도차가 증가하였다. 조직잔사지수는 사출구 온도가 증가하고 수분 함량이 낮을수록 증가하였으며, 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$, 수분 함량 20%에서 $26.21{\pm}4.28%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 조직잔사지수는 사출구 온도보다 수분 함량의 영향이 컸다. 사출구 온도가 $120^{\circ}C$에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 증가하고 수분 함량이 25%에서 20%로 감소할수록 수용성 질소지수는 증가하였으며 수분 함량 20%, 사출구 온도 $140^{\circ}C$에서 $7.88{\pm}0.47%$로 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 스크루 회전속도가 330 rpm에서 150 rpm으로 감소함에 따라 수용성 질소지수는 감소하였으며 150 rpm에서 $2.83{\pm}0.51%$로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 수분 함량이 사출구 온도보다 조직화에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.544-561
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant systems with internal connection or external connection under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. Materials and methods : Two finite element models were designed according to type of internal connection or external connection The crown for mandibular first molar was made using cemented abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 15$^{\circ}$ inward inclined direction (loading condition B), or 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 30$^{\circ}$ outward inclined direction (loading condition C) respectively. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, abutment and abutment screw. Results : 1. In comparison with the whole stress or the model 1 and model 2, the stress pattern was shown through th contact of the abutment and the implant fixture in the model 1, while the stress pattern was shown through the abutment screw mainly in the model 2. 2. Without regard to the loading condition, greater stress was taken at the cortical bone, and lower stress was taken at the cancellous bone. The stress taken at the cortical bone was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2, but the stress taken at the cortical bone was much less than the stress taken at the abutment, the implant fixture, and the abutment screw in case of both model 1 and model 2. 3. Without regard to the loading condition, the stress pattern of the abutment was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2. 4. In comparison with the stress distribution of model 1 and model 2, the maximum stress was taken at the abutment in the model 1. while the maximum stress was taken at the abutment screw in the model 2. 5. The magnitude of the maximum stress taken at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment, and the abutment screw was greater in the order of loading condition A, B and C. Conclusion : The stress distribution pattern of the internal connection system was mostly distributed widely to the lower part along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the abutment core through its contact portion because of the intimate contact of the abutment and the implant fixture and so the less stress was taken at the abutment screw, while the abutment screw can be the weakest portion clinically because the greater stress was taken at the abutment screw in case of the external connection system, and therefore the further clinical study about this problem is needed.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1985

Performance of a screw press was investigated experimentally with soybeans of various temperatures in order to find out a proper temperature of soybean to extract the oil by the mechanical method. Crude oil extracted by the screw press was chemically analyzed to determine a level of processing the oil for the oil to be used as a fuel for a compression ignition engine. The crude oil was degummed and dried by a plant type laboratory experimental setup to decide whether the processes are effective to improve quality of the oil as a fuel. The degummed oil and the degummed and dried oil were also chemically analyzed and were compared with the crude oil and the commercially degummed and dried soybean oil. The results are as follows: 1. In extraction of soybean oil by a screw press, heating soybeans is effective to increase oil production and to decrease energy consumption of the press. A proper temperature of soybean to extract the oil by the press was determined as about $50^{\circ}C$. 2. Soybean oil production and electric energy consumption of the press are about 83 ml and 58 Wh per 1 kg of soybeans heated to about $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. 3. The quality of crude oil produced by the press is similar to that of the commercially degummed and dried oil. The crude oil does not need to be degummed or dried for use as an engine fuel.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2005

Soy protein meat analog was produced using a twin-screw extruder attached with a cooling die. Heat transfer analysis was performed for cooling dies with various die sizes at the four different moisture contents of feed during extrusion process. The experimental design consisted of two cooling die widths (30 and 60 mm), three cooling die lengths (100, 200, and 300 mm), four product moisture contents (71.2, 67.0, 61.6 and 55.8%), and water and water plus ethylene glycol as cooling material. When water was used as cooling medium, the values of equivalent overall heat transfer coefficient $(U_e)$ for each die width of 30 and 60 mm were in the range of 187.0 - 341.4 and $358.5-191.6W/m^2^{\circ}C$ depending on the size of die length. Convective heat transfer coefficients between cooling water and inside die wall of cooling channel $(h_c)$ for both die widths of 30 and 60 mm were 588.5, 416.1, and $339.8W/m^2^{\circ}C$ for each die length of 100, 200, and 300 mm. Convective heat transfer coefficients between product and inside die wall of product channel $(h_p)$ for each die width of 30 and 60 mm were in the range of $434.6-888.1W/m^2^{\circ}C$ and $460.7-1014.5W/m^2^{\circ}C$ depending on the size of die length. When water plus ethylene glycol was used as cooling medium, the values of $U_e$ were in the range of $143.9-319.6W/m^2^{\circ}C$ and $177.8-332.7W/m^2^{\circ}C$ for each die width of 30 and 60 mm depending on the size of die length.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.232-239
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• 2008

The dental orthodontic mini-screw requires good mechanical properties and high corrosion resistance for implantation in the bone. The purpose of this study was to investigate the electrochemical characteristics of TiN and ZrN coated orthodontic mini-screws, mini-screws were used for experiment. Ion plating was carried out for mini-screw using Ti and Zr coating materials with nitrogen gas. Ion plated surface of each specimen w as o bserved with f ield emission scanning e lectron microscopy ( FE-SEM), e nergy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and electrochemical tester. The surface of TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw were more smooth than that of other kinds of non-coated mini-screw due to dercrease of machined defects. The corrosion current density of the TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw decreased compared to non-coated sample. The corrosion potential of TiN and ZrN coated mini-screw were higher than that of non-coated mini-screw in 0.9% NaCl solution. The pitting corrosion resistance increased in the order of ZrN coated, TiN coated and non-coated wire. Pitting potential of ZrN coated mini-screw was the highest in the other specimens.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 1993

A sundry system is one of popular systems for composting livestock manure, of which main honest is to utilize unlimited, clean, and free solar radiation. A sundry system with a composter of two horizontal screw-type concrete ducts at different height, was constructed and operated for three days for each test in May, 1993, to evaluate its composting performance. Four treatments of the mixture ratio of swine manure and saw dust (manure : sawdust= 1 : 1.25, 1 : 1, 1 : 0.7, 1 : 0.5) were implemented to evaluate the effect of the mixture ratio on degradation of the composting materials of a sundry system with a screw-type composter. Maximum temperature of the composting materials was over 5$0^{\circ}C$ at D1 or D2 (one or two days after operation starts) for each test. Mean C/N ratio and water contents of the materials were reduced by more than 15 and 20％, respectively. Microbial density of each test showed a typical variation with the lapse of the composting time. Mesophilic microorganism seemed to play more important role on degradation of the materials than thermophilic. A sundry system with a screw-type composter can be considered as a feasible system on basis of maturity data. The conclusion was completely reverse from that of Choi et at., although both adopted a sundry system. A further study is recommended to pursue the cause of better performance of the screw-type composter, whether it was due to affirmative weather or more efficient composter.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2005

본 실험은 수분함량 $15\%$로 건조한 수삼을 사출구온도($100^{\circ}C$와 $120^{\circ}C$), 스크루 회전속도(200과 300 rpm)에서 압출성형처리하여 조사포닌,진세노사이드, 말톨, 환원당, 색도와 같은 홍삼성분의 변화를 분석하였다. 압출성형공정을 통해 조사포닌 함량이 증가하는 것으로 보아사포닌의 압출성형공정동안 생성되는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 홍삼에 존재하는 진세노사이드 $Rg_l$과 $Rg_2$는 사출구온도를 $100^{\circ}C$에서 $120^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 0.227 mg/g에서 0.2835 mg/g$(Rg_l)$, 0.1164 mg/g에서 0.2230 mg/g$(Rg_2)$증가하였고, 스크루 회전속도를 300rpm에서 200rpm으로 감소시켰을 때 진세노사이드 $Rg_1$ 과 $Rg_2$는 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 수삼이나 백삼에는 함유되지 않고 홍삼에만 함유된 특이성분으로 알려진 말톨을 압출성형 수삼에서 확인할 수가 있었다. 사출구의 온도가 $100^{\circ}C$에서 $120^{\circ}C$로 증가함에 따라 총당의 함량은 크게 변화가 없었지만 환원당은 온도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 결론적으로 사출구온도와 스크루 회전속도 이외의 압출성형 공정변수의 조절을 통해 압출성형공정을 홍삼제조 공정에 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 알 수가 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.60-72
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• 2024

Objective : Recently, robotic-assisted spine surgery (RASS) has been considered a minimally invasive and relatively accurate method. In total, 495 robotic-assisted pedicle screw fixation (RAPSF) procedures were attempted on 100 patients during a 14-month period. The current study aimed to analyze the accuracy, potential risk factors, and learning curve of RAPSF. Methods : This retrospective study evaluated the position of RAPSF using the Gertzbein and Robbins scale (GRS). The accuracy was analyzed using the ratio of the clinically acceptable group (GRS grades A and B), the dissatisfying group (GRS grades C, D, and E), and the Surgical Evaluation Assistant program. The RAPSF was divided into the no-breached group (GRS grade A) and breached group (GRS grades B, C, D, and E), and the potential risk factors of RAPSF were evaluated. The learning curve was analyzed by changes in robot-used time per screw and the occurrence tendency of breached and failed screws according to case accumulation. Results : The clinically acceptable group in RAPSF was 98.12%. In the analysis using the Surgical Evaluation Assistant program, the tip offset was 2.37±1.89 mm, the tail offset was 3.09±1.90 mm, and the angular offset was 3.72°±2.72°. In the analysis of potential risk factors, the difference in screw fixation level (p=0.009) and segmental distance between the tracker and the instrumented level (p=0.001) between the no-breached and breached group were statistically significant, but not for the other factors. The mean difference between the no-breach and breach groups was statistically significant in terms of pedicle width (p<0.001) and tail offset (p=0.042). In the learning curve analysis, the occurrence of breached and failed screws and the robot-used time per screw screws showed a significant decreasing trend. Conclusion : In the current study, RAPSF was highly accurate and the specific potential risk factors were not identified. However, pedicle width was presumed to be related to breached screw. Meanwhile, the robot-used time per screw and the incidence of breached and failed screws decreased with the learning curve.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2015

This study was aimed at the heating tank with a screw-rotation device for improving the thermal efficiency of electric boiler. In the proposed system, analysis items were the heater rod surface temperature variation, reaching time for set temperature and thermal efficiency. The following conclusions are obtained from this experimental study. (1) When screw speed increases, the time reaching for set temperature tended to be shorter. (2) When the rotation speed becomes 300 rpm, the surface temperature difference between the right and left heater rod decreases by 49%, from $19.7^{\circ}C$ to $9.7^{\circ}C$ in average. (3) When the rotation speed is over 250 rpm, proposed heating tank structure appeared to be effective in terms of thermal efficiency. Thermal efficiency with the rotation speed 300 rpm is improved by 3.8% compared to the case of rotation speed 0 rpm.

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제13권3_4호
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• pp.152-157
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• 2002

X선 회절법을 이용하여 Tricyclazole, C/sub9/H/sub7/N₃S 분자 및 결정 구조를 규명하였다. 화합물의 결정학 자료: Orthorhombic 공간군 Pca2₁, a=14.889(1) Å, b=7.444(1) Å, c=15.189(2) Å, V=1683.3(3) ų, Z= 8분자 구조는 직접법으로 풀었고 완전최소자승법으로 정밀화하여 1533(F/sub o//sup 2/>4σ(F/sub o//sup 2/))인 독립회절반점에 대하여 최종 신뢰도값 R=0.047을 얻었다. 구조 해석 결과 두 분자가 asymmetric 단위로 구성되어 있으며 각각의 분자는 서로 거의 평형을 이루면서 b축 방향으로 유사 4-fold screw를 이루고 있었다.