Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5142/JGR.2005.29.2.107

Effect of Barrel Temperature and Screw Speed on Characteristics of Extruded Raw Ginseng  

Ha, Dae-Cherl (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Herbal Resource Research Center, Kongju National University)
Lee, Jong-Won (KT&G Research Institute)
Kim, Na-Mi (KT&G Research Institute)
Ryu, Gi-Hyung (Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Herbal Resource Research Center, Kongju National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Ginseng Research / v.29, no.2, 2005 , pp. 107-112 More about this Journal
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine effects of the die temperature(100 and $120^{\circ}C$) and screw speed(200 and 300 rpm) on the characteristics of extruded raw ginseng such as crude saponin, ginsenosides, maltol and the color of powder. Crude saponin content increased after extrusion-cooking. Ginsenoside $Rg_1\;and\;Rg_2$ that contained in red ginseng increased from 0.2275 mg/g to 0.2835 mg/g$(Rg_l)$ and 0.1164 mg/g to 0.2230 mg/g$(Rg_2)$ with the increase in die temperature from 100 to $120^{\circ}C$, which increased with the decrease in screw speed from 300 to 200 rpm. Maltol, specific component in red ginseng was detected in extruded ginseng. Total sugar content was not changed by extrusion process, however reducing sugar decreased with the increase in die temperature from 100 to $120^{\circ}C$. In conclusion extrusion process can be applied to red ginseng manufacturing by controling extrusion process variables such as extrusion temperature and screw speed.
Keywords
extrusion process; red ginseng manufacturing; saponin; ginsenoside; maltol;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Harper, J.M. : Extrusion of Foods. p. 3-6. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL (1981)
2 Rauwendaal, C. : Polymer extrusion. p. 22-55. Hanser Publishers, New York (1986)
3 Nam, K.Y : Recently Korean ginseng (Components and efficiency). p. 225-253. Korean ginseng tobacco institute (1996)
4 Ando, T., Tanaka, O. and Shibata, S. : Chemical studies on the oriental plant drugs (XXV). Comparative studies on the saponins and sapogenins of ginseng and related crude drugs. Soyakugaku Zasshi. 25, 28-33 (1971)
5 Sahagun, J.F. and Harper, J.M. : Effects of screw restrictions on the performance of an autogenous extruder.J. Food Proc. Eng. 3, 199-216 (1980)   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Toft, G. : Snack foods: Continuous processing techniques. Cereal Foods World 24, 142-143 (1979)
7 Colowick, S.P. and Kaplcm, N.O. : Methods in enzymology. p. 149. 1st ed. Academic Press, New York (1955)
8 Namba, T., Yoshizaki, M., Tomimori, T., Kobashi, K., Matsui, K. and Hase, J. : Fundamental studies on the evaluation of the crude drugs. III. Chemical and biochemical evaluation of ginseng and related crude drugs. Yakugaku Zasshi. 94, 252-259 (1974)   DOI
9 Meuser, F. and Wiedmann, W. : Extrusion plant design. p. 91-155. In : Mercier, C., Linko, P. and Harper, J.M. (ed), Extrusion Cooking. AACC, St. Paul, MN (1989)
10 Ryu, G.H., Kim, B.S. and Mulvaney, S.J. : Optimization of extrusion process for dairy ingredient fortification of cornmeal puffed via $CO_2$ gas injection. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 11, 552-556 (2002)
11 Ryu, G.H. ; Treatment of Biji by extrusion-cooking and its utilization. Korea Soybean Digest 12, 43-48 (1995)
12 Miller, R.C. : Low moisture extrusion : Effects of cooking moisture and product characteristics. J. Food Sci. 50, 249- 253 (1985)   DOI
13 Aguilera, J.M. and Stanley, D.W. : Extrusion processing as applied to proteinaceous materials. p.131-141. In : Maguer, M. and Jelen, P. (ed), Food Engineering and Process Applications Vol. 7. Elsevier Applied Science Publishing, London, England (1986)
14 Linko, P. : Extrusion cooking in bioconversion. p. 235-245. In: Mercier, C., Linko, P. and Harper, J.M. (ed). Extrusion Cooking. AACC, St. Paul, MN (1989)
15 Association of Official Analytical Chemists : Methods of analysis of the AOAC 13th ed Horwitz, W., AOAC, Washigton (1980)
16 Han, B.H., Park, M.H., Han, Y.N. and Suh, D.Y. : Chemical and biochemical study on non-saponin constituents of Korean ginseng. Korean J. Ginseng Sci. 16, 228-234 (1992)