• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2011

The purpose of this research is to analyze the formational process of traditional house in old village that is the base of development on rural area. The method of this research is to use the family genealogy of the clan society village in the analysis of building times, and constructed with investigation by the residents. The results of this research are described as follows. 1. At the first period of settlement in the middle time of 18C, the small relative family was located at nearby of each other. They were divided three group. The first entered man is B-group. 2. At the period of 19C, the family was enlarged by the descendants. But at that time, the house was constructed by small type. And some tiled roof houses were built by A-group part at under area of the village. And the construction of village boundary was nearly completed. 3. At the early period of 20C, the great houses were constructed by C-group part at the upper area of the village. 4. At the late period of 20C, there were not changed largely. But small change was occurred by the divided of site. Except two house, every houses were changed to tiled roof house. The residents have continued the strong preservation mind of environment for 300 years. The family genealogy was very useful to analyze the formational process of traditional house in the clan society village.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2010

본 연구는 상아질의 비교원성 단백질을 chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC)를 이용하여 제거함으로써 비교원성 단백질의 제거가 상아질 접착제의 미세인장결합강도와 교원질망의 형태에 미치는 영향을 상아질의 다양한 습윤상태에 따라 평가하고자 시행하였다. 비교원성 단백질의 상아질접착제의 미세인장강도에 대한 영향을 평가하기 위해 제 3대구치의 상아질을 노출시키고, 두 군으로 나누고 한 군은 C-ABC, 다른 군은 증류수를 $37^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 동안 적용한 후, 상아질의 습윤상태(wet, dry 및 re-wet)와 상아질 접착제(Single Bond 2, One Step Plus)를 다르게 이용하여 복합레진을 수복하였다. 24시간 후 가로 1 mm, 세로 1mm의 시편을 제작하고 미세인장강도를 측정하였다. 상아질 교원질의 형태변화를 관찰하기 위하여 상아질 시편에 산부식을 시행하고 C-ABC 적용 후, 시편을 제작하였고 미세인장강도 측정후 파괴된 접착면의 파괴양상과 각 접착제의 접착계면 관찰을 위하여 FE-SEM 관찰하였다. C-ABC 처리여부와 관계없이 습윤한 상아질면에 접착한 군은 모든 접착제에서 통계학적으로 유의성있는 미세인장결합강도의 차이를 나타나지 않았다(p > 0.05). C-ABC를 적용하였을 경우, Single Bond 2에서는 재수화한 상아질면에 접착한 군이 습윤한 상아질면에 접착한 군에 비해 미세인장결합강도가 감소하였다(p < 0.05). FE-SEM 관찰결과, C-ABC를 적용후에는 접착성 파괴가 주로 일어났으며, 교원질 섬유간 거리가 증가하였으며 부분적으로 교원질 섬유들간에 응집된 양상이 관찰되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2017

하절기 옥외공간에서 조경용 차양 소재의 공극률 차이에 따른 온열환경의 개선 효과를 객관적 물리량으로 검증하기 위해, 도심 건물 옥상에 조성된 암상자 상단에 공극률을 달리한 흑색 막소재의 차양을 설치하고, 그 하부의 평균복사온도의 차이를 계측하여 비교하였다. 적용된 공극률은 각각 0.5, 1. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32% 였으며, 2016년 8월에서 11월까지 세 조씩 순차적으로 비교되었다. 일 최고 흑구온도가 $30^{\circ}C$ 이상인 날의 오전 11시부터 오후 3시까지의 자료를 비교한 결과, 차양과 측벽이 설치되지 않는 개방구의 평균복사온도가 $44.26^{\circ}C$일 때, 무측벽-유차양구, 유측벽-무차양구, 유측벽-유차양구의 값은 각각 33.08, 45.80, $42.03^{\circ}C$로 차양과 측벽 유무에 의한 명확한 차이가 확인되었다. 측정 시기별 평균복사온도 기준치를 보정하기 위하여 대조구의 값을 공변량으로 공극률에 따른 값을 공분산분석(ANCOVA)한 결과, 유측벽-무차양구의 평균 값이 $45.80^{\circ}C$일 때, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32% 공극률 차양 하부의 값은 각각 43.40, 43.10, 41.49, 40.43, 39.61, 37.91, $38.12^{\circ}C$로 계산되었다. 공극률과 평균복사온도 사이에는 약 22.5%의 공극률을 최저점으로 하는 U자형의 2차 함수의 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 결론적으로, 본 연구를 통해서 차양의 공극률이 높아질수록 일정 수준까지는 평균복사온도를 저감시키는 효과가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그 한계값은 물리적 측정치로는 16%였으며, 통계적 추정치로는 약 22.5%였다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

This research studies the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility that is scheduled to be built around Gangjeong harbor area in Seogwipo-city. In order to respond to the highly increasing number of passenger cruise ships compared to Seogwipo cruise terminal design in 2010, the adequate size standard of Seogwipo cruise terminal CIQ facility was examined for passenger service level grade. Based on size computation elements such as the number of passengers of cruise ships with the largest size of port entry, ship landing rate, passenger processing ratio, and surge factor, the CIQ facility size for each service level grade was reviewed. As a result, the area of 2,971m2 (A grade), 2,409 m2 (B grade), and 2,088 m2 (C grade) were computed. This showed that the area of B grade was about 82% and C grade 70% compared to the area of A grade. The CIQ facility size computed for each service level grade in this research was analyzed that its area needed to be increased by 322% at least and 458% at most, compared to the CIQ facility area of 649m2 of the existing design (2010). In order to respond to the increasing number of cruise passengers, provide high-level passenger service, and improve the international image of Jeju, Seogwipo cruise terminal should secure the size that is equal to or higher than the B grade of service level.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.514-520
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• 2018

Polyurethane foam has excellent mechanical strength and insulation performance, and has been adopted as an insulation material for $-163^{\circ}C$ liquefied natural gas carrier. In this study, Kevlar Polyurethane Foams(K-PUF) were synthesized by adding Kevlar pulp with excellent mechanical strength for the purpose of improving the performance of existing polyurethane foam. Since polyurethane foam has mechanical performance depending on the proportions of Kevlar pulp added, the mechanical strength of the K-PUF with ratios of fiber0.2wt.%, 0.4wt.%, 0.6wt.%, 0.8wt.% and 1.0wt.%) was evaluated. The compression tests were performed on the 4 different temperatures($20^{\circ}C$, $-50^{\circ}C$, $-110^{\circ}C$ and $-163^{\circ}C$) in consideration of the environmental characteristics as a cryogenic insulation used in LNG carrier. Besides, the effects of the fiber addition on polyurethane foam with closed cell structure were evaluated in a phenomenological approach through SEM analysis. All the results were compared to Neat-polyurethane foam. As a results, 0.8wt.% K-PUF showed the improved mechanical strength, and the addition of Kevlar pulp in a certain ratio improves the mechanical performance by enhancing the compression resistance.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2017

본 연구는 등(Wisteria floribunda(Willd.) DC.)으로 피복된 그늘시렁($L\;7,200{\times}W\;4,200{\times}H\;2,700mn$)의 엽면적지수(LAI)의 변동에 따른 온열환경을 규명하고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 진주시내 광장($N35^{\circ}10^{\prime}59.8^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, $E128^{\circ}05^{\prime}32.0^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, 표고: 38m)의 등으로 피복된 그늘시렁 하부와 햇빛에 노출된 포장지를 대상으로 맑은 날 미기상을 측정하였다. 범용온열기후지수(UTCI)를 산정하기 위해 봄철과 여름철의 미기상환경으로서 지상 60cm 높이에서 기온, 풍속, 상대습도 그리고 6방향의 장파 및 단파복사를 2017년 4월 9일부터 8월 27일까지 측정하였다. 또한, LAI는 LAI-2200C 수관분석기로 측정하였다. 18일간 오전 10시부터 오후 4시까지의 앉은 자세의 인체가 흡수한 매 1분 간격 인체-생기상학적 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 측정기간 동안 햇빛노출지에 비해 그늘시렁 하부의 일평균 기온은 $0.7{\sim}2.3^{\circ}C$ 낮았으며, 일평균 풍속과 일평균 상대습도는 각각 0.17~0.38m/s와 0.4~3.1% 높았다. LAI와 쥴리안 데이 사이의 회귀식은 $y=-0.0004x^2+0.1719x-11.765(R^2=0.9897)$였다. 그늘시렁 하부의 일평균 평균복사온도($T_{mrt}$) 값은 햇빛 노출지에 비해 각각 $11.9{\sim}25.5^{\circ}C$로 낮았으며, 최대 평균복사온도 감소(${\Delta}T_{mrt}$)는 $24.1{\sim}30.2^{\circ}C$였다. LAI의 변동에 따른 햇빛 노출지 대비 일평균 $T_{mrt}$ 감소율(%) 사이의 회귀식은 $y=0.0678{\ln}(x)+0.3036(R^2=0.9454)$였다. 그늘시렁 하부의 일평균 UTCI 값은 햇빛 노출지에 비해 각각 $4.1{\sim}8.3^{\circ}C$로 낮았으며, 최대 범용온열기후지수 감소 값(${\Delta}UTCI$)는 $7.8{\sim}10.2^{\circ}C$였다. LAI의 변동에 따른 햇빛 노출지 대비 일평균 UTCI 감소율(%) 사이의 회귀식은 $y=0.0322{\ln}(x)+0.1538(R^2=0.8946)$였다. 종합적으로 보면 여름철에 덩굴식물로 피복된 그늘시렁에 의한 녹음은 차양에 의한 $T_{mrt}$의 감소를 통해 낮 동안 UTCI를 감소시킴으로써 열스트레스를 매우 강한(UTCI>$38^{\circ}C$) 또는 강한(UTCI >$32^{\circ}C$) 단계에서 강한(UTCI >$32^{\circ}C$) 또는 보통(UTCI >$26^{\circ}C$) 단계로 낮추어 준다. 따라서 여름철 열스트레스를 완화하고 쾌적한 인체 온열쾌적성을 제공하기 위해서는 덩굴식물로 피복된 그늘시렁의 도입은 필수적이다. 하지만 폭염 시에는 덩굴식물로 피복된 그늘시렁 하부의 온열환경도 이용자들에게 매우 강한 열 스트레스(UTCI >$38^{\circ}C$)를 주므로 노약자의 옥외활동은 자제시킬 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2023

In order to study the mechanical properties of basalt fiber reinforced ultra-fine fly ash concrete (BFUFARC), the effects of ultra-fine fly ash (UFA) content, basalt fiber content, basalt fiber length and water reducing agent content on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the composite material were studied through experimental and theoretical analysis. Also, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to analyze the mesoscopic structure in the fracture surface of composite material specimens at magnifications of 500 and 3500. Besides, the energy release rate (G_c) and surface free energy (γ_s) of crack tip cracking on BFUFARC in different basalt fiber content were studied from the perspective of fracture mechanics. Further, the cracking resistance, reinforcement, and toughening mechanisms of basalt fibers on concrete substrate were revealed by surface free energy of BFUFARC. The experimental results indicated that basalt fiber content is the main influence factor on the splitting tensile strength of BFUFARC. In case that fiber content increased from 0 to 0.3%, the concrete surface free energy at the tip of single-sided crack showed a trend of increased at first and then decreased. The surface free energy reached at maximum, about 3.59 × 10^-5 MN/m. During the process of increasing fiber content from 0 to 0.1%, G_C-2_γS showed a gradually decreasing trend. As a result, an appropriate amount of basalt fiber can play a preventing cracking role by increasing the concrete surface free energy, further effectively improve the concrete splitting tensile performance.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.2045-2049
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 AMBA 기반으로 사용될 수 있는 H.264용 High Profile Intra Prediction을 구조를 제안한다. 설계된 모듈은 한 매크로 블록 당 최대 306 cycle내에 동작한다. 제안된 Encoder 구조를 검증하기 위하여 JM 13.2로부터 reference C를 개발하였으며, reference C로부터 test vector를 추출하여 설계된 회로를 검증하였다. 우리는 Hardware cost를 줄이기 위하여 plan mode를 제거 하였고, SAD 계산 방법과 8 pixel 병렬처리 등을 사용하여 Hardware cost와 cycle을 줄이는 방법을 채택하였다. 제안된 회로는 Full HD1080@fps 영상을 133MHz clock에서 동작시킬 수 있으며, 합성결과 TSMC 0.18um 공정에 램 포함 25만gate크기 이다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.459-479
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• 2014

This paper considers experimental and numerical studies on added resistance in waves. As the numerical methods, three different methods, strip method, Rankine panel method and Cartesian-grid method, are applied. The computational results of vertical motion response and added resistance are compared with the experimental data of Series 60($C_B=0.8$) hull, S175 containership and KVLCC2 hull. To investigate the influence of above-still water hull form, a Rankine panel method is extended to two nonlinear methods: weakly-nonlinear and weak-scatterer approaches. As nonlinear computational models, three ships are considered: original KVLCC2 hull, 'Ax-bow' and 'Leadge-bow' hulls. Two of the three models are modified hull forms of original KVLCC2 hull, aiming the reduction of added resistance. The nonlinear computational results are compared with linear results, and the improvement of computational result is discussed. As experimental approach, a series of towing-tank experiment for ship motions and added resistance on the three models (original KVLCC2 hull, 'Ax-bow' and 'Leadge-bow') are carried out. For the original KVLCC2 hull, uncertainty analysis in the measurement of vertical motion response and added resistance is performed in three waves conditions: ${\lambda}/L=0.5$, 1.1, 2.0. From the experimental results, the effects of hull form on added resistance are discussed.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제21권
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• pp.99-114
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• 2007

According as Internet based EC(Electronic Commerce) has been activated, More requirements for exchanging digital documents are being proposed in B2B(Business to Business) and B2G(Business to Government) environments. However, the documents can not be processed automatically, because the structures of documents in each site(companies, central/local governments) do not match. Therefore, W3C(World Wide Web Consortium) has proposed XML(eXtensible Markup Language) DTD(Document Type Declaration) technology to support structuring documents. The XML DTD technology can support interoperability between EC sites. And, XML DTD based documents can be processed automatically in every sites. They will improve efficiency of services in B2B and B2G environments. In this paper, we propose interoperable DTD architecture and IDEP(Interoperable DTD Exchange Protocol) protocol which supports searching DTDs and exchanging DTDs. This technology can popularize DTDs and digital documents.