• 대한수학회보
• /
• 제57권3호
• /
• pp.709-737
• /
• 2020

Let R be a prime ring of characteristic different from 2. Suppose that F, G, H and T are generalized derivations of R. Let U be the Utumi quotient ring of R and C be the center of U, called the extended centroid of R and let f(x₁, …, x_n) be a non central multilinear polynomial over C. If F(f(r₁, …, r_n))G(f(r₁, …, r_n)) - f(r₁, …, r_n)T(f(r₁, …, r_n)) = H(f(r₁, …, r_n)²) for all r₁, …, r_n ∈ R, then we describe all possible forms of F, G, H and T.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.53-65
• /
• 1986

The montane forests of Ulreung Island, Korea, were investigated by the ZM school method. By comparing the montane forests of this island with those of Korean Peninsula and of Japan, a new order, F a g e t a l i a m u l t i n e r v i s, a new alliance, F a l g i o n m u l t i n e r v i s, a new association, H e p a t i c o-F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s and Rhododendron brachycarpum-Pinus parviflora community were recognized. The H e p a t i c o - F a g e t u m m u l t i n e r v i s was further subdivided into four subassociations; Subass. of Sasa kurilensis, Subass. of Rumohra standishii, Subass. of Rhododendron brachycarpum and Subass. of typicum. Each community was described in terms of floristic, structural and environmental features.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.154-159
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study was designed to characterize the DNA polymorphisms of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene in indigenous Saudi Arabian sheep breeds exhibiting different color coats, along with individuals of the Sawaknee breed, an exotic sheep imported from Sudan. Methods: The complete coding region of MC1R gene including parts of 3' and 5' untranslated regions was amplified and sequenced from three the indigenous Saudi sheep; Najdi (generally black, n = 41), Naeimi (generally white with brown faces, n = 36) and Herri (generally white, n = 18), in addition to 13 Sawaknee sheep. Results: Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected in the MC1R gene: two led to nonsynonymous mutations (c.218 T>A, p.73 Met>Lys and c.361 G>A, p.121 Asp>Asn) and three led to synonymous mutations (c.429 C>T, p.143 Tyr>Tyr; c.600 T>G, p.200 Leu>Leu, and c.735 C>T, p.245 Ile>Ile). Based on these five SNPs, eight haplotypes representing MC1R $E^d$ and $E^+$ alleles were identified among the studied sheep breeds. The most common haplotype (H3) of the dominant $E^d$ allele was associated with either black or brown coat color in Najdi and Sawaknee sheep, respectively. Two other haplotypes (H6 and H7) of $E^d$ allele, with only the nonsynonymous mutation A218T, were detected for the first time in Saudi indigenous sheep. Conclusion: In addition to investigating the MC1R allelic variation in Saudi indigenous sheep populations, the present study supports the assumption that the two independent nonsynonymous Met73Lys and Asp121Asn mutations in MC1R gene are associated with black or red coat colors in sheep breeds.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2002

Cure behavior of an epoxy resin was investigated at different cure temperatures (110, 120, 130, 140, and 150 $^{\circ}C$) and cure times in the presence of 2 wt% of an N-benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH) cationic catalyst by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The glass transition temperature ( $T_{g}$) and chemical conversion (x) at the different temperatures were determined from DSC thermograms. The $T_{g}$ and x vs. In time data were superposed up to $T_{g}$ = 10$0^{\circ}C$ and x = 0.70 by shifting horizontally at a reference temperature of $T_{g}$ = 13$0^{\circ}C$. It is interesting that the $T_{g}$ and x of the superposed data increase rather slowly in the early stage of cure and rapidly thereafter. Therefore, the increase of the $T_{g}$ and x can be divided into two regions; $R_{I}$= -18.4(= $T_{go}$ ) ~5$^{\circ}C$ and $R_{II}$ = 5 ~ 10$0^{\circ}C$ in $T_{g}$, and $R_{I}$ : 0~0.24 and $R_{II}$ : 0.24~0.70 in x. The $R_{I}$ is closely related to the initiation reactions between BPH and epoxy and between hydroxy group and epoxy in this epoxy/catalyst system. From the kinetic analysis of the $T_{g}$-shift, activation energy was 12.5 kcal/mol. The relationship between $T_{g}$ and x was also considered. The gelation and vitrification times for different cure temperatures were obtained from DMA curves.urves. DMA curves.urves.

• 정보관리학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.31-52
• /
• 1988

정보의 자원화를 국가 발전의 기본적인 원동력으로 간주하고 있는 일본의 정책 현 황을 일본학술회의, 과학기술청, 통상산업성, 문부성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 정책이 효과적 으로 실행되기 위하여서는 최고 통치권자를 자문하는 협의 기관이 반드시 필요하며 이를 능 독적으로 활동시키기 위한 제도 또한 중요하다. 법률에 의한 명백한 임무의 부여와 관 에리 트와 지식 인간의 협력 또는 마찰의 정도가 정보 정책을 시행하는데 결정적인 요인이 됨을 현재 진행되고 있는 여러 시책 사항을 통하여 지적하였다. 문부성에서 의욕적인 정책으로 추진하여 소기의 성과를 거두고 있는 일본학술정보센터의 정책적 효과를 온라인 네트워크를 편성하는 기본 조직으로 주의 깊게 관찰할 대상임을 강조하였으며 과학기술청이 주관하는 일본 과학기술정보센터의 기능 또한 중요한 기관으로 간주됨을 분석하였다. 이들 기관 이외 에 광범위한 활동을 전개하고 있는 각급 사회 단체 연구소등 반관반민의 조직 또는 민간 레 벨의 조직은 본론에서는 제외되었다.

• 충청수학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2017

For a map $p:X{\rightarrow}A$, there are concepts of co-$H^p$-spaces, co-$T^p$-spaces, which are generalized ones of co-H-spaces [17,18]. For a principal cofibration $i_r:X{\rightarrow}C_r$ induced by $r:X^{\prime}{\rightarrow}X$ from $\imath:X^{\prime}{\rightarrow}cX^{\prime}$, we obtain some sufficient conditions to having extensions co-$H^{\bar{p}}$-structures and co-$T^{\bar{p}}$-structures on $C_r$ of co-$H^p$-spaces and co-$T^p$-structures on X respectively. We can also obtain some results about co-$H^p$-spaces and co-$T^p$-spaces in homology decompositions for spaces, which are generalizations of Golasinski and Klein's result about co-H-spaces.

• 한국지열·수열에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2013

HVAC&R systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC&R systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This research reviews energy consumption of HVAC&R systems with the aim of establishing a common idea for the analysis of energy efficiency. The paper focuses on energy flow of the HVAC&R which include air-conditioning, transport and heat generation system for low-energy buildings.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제29권8호
• /
• pp.1266-1272
• /
• 2019

A bacterial strain, labeled $UR11^T$, was isolated from green alga Ulva pertusa collected from Jeju Island, Korea. $UR11^T$ was identified as a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile by gliding and aerobic bacterial strain with yellow colonies on R2A plates. The strain $UR11^T$ grew over at a temperature range of $10^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ (optimally at $25^{\circ}C$), a pH range of 6.0-11 (optimally at pH 7.0) and a Nacl range of 0.5-5% Nacl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain $UR11^T$ was a member of the genus Flavobacterium. Strain $UR11^T$ shared close similarity with F. jejuensis $EC11^T$ (98.0%) F. jumunjinense $HME7102^T$ (96.1%), F. haoranii $LQY-7^T$ (95.3%), F. dongtanense $LW30^T$ (95.1%), and F. ahnfeltiae 10Alg $130^T$(94.9%). The major fatty acids (>5%) were $iso-C_{15:0}$ (33.9%), $iso-C_{15:1}$ G (12.4%), $iso-C_{17:0}$ 3-OH (9.0%), $isoC_{16:0}$ (7.0%) and $iso-C_{15:0}$ 3-OH (6.3%). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, seven unknown aminolipids, two unknown aminopolarlipids and two unknown lipids. DNA-DNA hybridization value was 58% at strain $UR11^T$ with F. jejuensis $EC11^T$. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidence, strain $UR11^T$ represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium jocheonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Flavobacterium jocheonensis is $UR11^T$ (=KCTC $52377^T$ =JCM $31512^T$).

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1990

우렁쉥이의 효율적인 종묘생산을 위한 생물학적 기초자료를 얻고자 산란유발, 난발생 및 채묘에 미치는 환경요인으로서 수온과 조도의 영향에 대하여 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 자극수온별 생산유발 결과 $14^{\circ}C$에서 가장 많은 산란량을 보였고, $12^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 수정률을 나타냈다. 2. 난발생의 각단계에 이르기까지의 수온(T, $^{\circ}C$)에 따른 발생속도(h, 시간)는 수온이 높을 수록 빨랐으며, 그 관계식은 다음과 같다. 8세포 1/h =0.0147 T-0.0069(.=0.9816) 32세포 1/h =0.0100 T-0.0017(r=0.9672) 초기미충형유생 1/h =0.0043 T+0.0024(r=0.9913) 부화유생 1/h =0.0021 T-0.0021 (r=0.9898) 3. 우렁쉥이의 수온과 난발생속도와의 관계에서 추정된 난발생의 생물학적영도는 평균 $0.27^{\circ}C$ 였다. 4. 우렁쉥이의 난발생이 가능한 하한수온 및 상한수온은 각각 $0^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$였다. 5. 수온별유생의 부착률은 $14^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높았으며, $14^{\circ}C$를 정점으로 수온이 상승, 하강 할 수록 저조한 부착률을 나타냈다.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.180-186
• /
• 2012

그람 음성균인 녹농균(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)은 다양한 환경에 존재하는 기회감염성 병원균으로, 병원성의 발현에 쿼럼센싱(QS) 기전이 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 녹농균의 여러 QS 신호물질 수용체들 중 하나인 QscR은 다른 QS 수용체들과는 구분되는 특별한 특성들을 가진다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 특성들 중 특히 넓은 신호물질 특이성을 QscR에 부여해 주는 아미노산 잔기가 무엇인지 알아보기 위해, QscR의 72번째 threonine, 132번째 arginine, 140번째 threonine 잔기가 각각 isoleucine, methionine, isoleucine 잔기로 치환된 돌연변이 QscR들($QscR_{T72I}$, $QscR_{R132M}$, $QscR_{T140I}$)을 제조하였다. 이들의 활성을 측정해 보았을 때 $QscR_{R132M}$은 N-3-oxododecanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL)에 대한 반응성이 사라졌고, $QscR_{T72I}$와 $QscR_{T140I}$는 민감성이 많이 감소하기는 하였으나 여전히 3OC12-HSL에 대한 반응성을 가지고 있었다. 이들 돌연변이 QscR들에 다양한 구조의 acyl-HSL을 처리해 보았을 때, $QscR_{T72I}$와 $QscR_{T140I}$는 야생형 QscR처럼 자기 자신의 신호물질인 3OC12-HSL 보다 N-decanoyl HSL (C10-HSL)이나 N-dodecanoyl HSL (C12-HSL)처럼 10개 혹은 12개의 탄소 사슬을 가지면서 3번째 탄소에 oxo-moiety가 없는 acyl-HSL에 대해 더 높은 반응성을 보였으며, $QscR_{R132M}$은 3OC12-HSL 뿐만 아니라 본 연구에서 사용된 어떤 acyl-HSL에도 반응성을 보이지 않았다. 또한 $QscR_{T72I}$와 $QscR_{T140I}$는 QscR 억제제인 5f에 의해 야생형 QscR과 비슷한 수준으로 활성이 억제되었다. 이러한 결과들은 130번째 arginine의 경우 QscR의 활성과 acyl-HSL들과의 결합에 중요한 역할을 하는 반면, 72번째와 140번째 threonine들의 경우 QscR의 활성에는 중요하지만, 다른 구조의 acyl-HSL들에 대한 선택적 결합이나, 경쟁적 억제자들의 결합 간섭에는 영향을 주지 않음을 시사하는 것이다.