• ALGAE
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2017

Polysaccharides of marine algae exhibit different structural characteristics and interesting biological functions. In this study, crude polysaccharides (CP) of eleven Sri Lankan marine algae obtained through hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation were investigated for DPPH, alkyl, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities using electron spin resonance spectrometry and for intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging activity in the Chang liver cell line. Characterization of CPs was done by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and by analysis of the monosaccharide composition. Time-dependent density functional theory quantum-chemical calculations at the RB3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level for constructed dimeric units of the corresponding polysaccharides were used to resolve the FTIR spectra. CPs from Chnoospora minima showed the highest DPPH and alkyl radical scavenging activities and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging effects for both AAPH and $H_2O_2$ induced ROS production in "Chang" cells. The major polysaccharide constituent in C. minima CP was identified as fucoidan and it displayed a higher sulfate content. The degree of sulfation of these polysaccharides suggests a positive correlation with the observed antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.335-340
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• 2014

There have been many suggestions and much debate about climate variability during the Holocene. However, their complex forcing factors and mechanisms have not yet been clearly identified. In this paper, we have examined the Holocene climate cycles and features based on the wavelet analyses of $^{14}C$, $^{10}Be$, and $^{18}O$ records. The wavelet results of the $^{14}C$ and $^{10}Be$ data show that the cycles of ~2180-2310, ~970, ~500-520, ~350-360, and ~210-220 years are dominant, and the ~1720 and ~1500 year cycles are relatively weak and subdominant. In particular, the ~2180-2310 year periodicity corresponding to the Hallstatt cycle is constantly significant throughout the Holocene, while the ~970 year cycle corresponding to the Eddy cycle is mainly prominent in the early half of the Holocene. In addition, distinctive signals of the ~210-220 year period corresponding to the de Vries cycle appear recurrently in the wavelet distribution of $^{14}C$ and $^{10}Be$, which coincide with the grand solar minima periods. These de Vries cycle events occurred every ~2270 years on average, implying a connection with the Hallstatt cycle. In contrast, the wavelet results of $^{18}O$ data show that the cycles of ~1900-2000, ~900-1000, and ~550-560 years are dominant, while the ~2750 and ~2500 year cycles are subdominant. The periods of ~2750, ~2500, and ~1900 years being derived from the $^{18}O$ records of NGRIP, GRIP and GISP2 ice cores, respectively, are rather longer or shorter than the Hallstatt cycle derived from the $^{14}C$ and $^{10}Be$ records. The records of these three sites all show the ~900-1000 year periodicity corresponding to the Eddy cycle in the early half of the Holocene.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.203-213
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• 1991

요각류와 모악류 중 주요 수괴 지표종의 분포에 근거하여 한국 동해중부해역의 수층별 수괴의 시$\cdot$공간적 변동을 밝히기 위하여 14개의 정점에서 2월과 $8{\~}9$월에 폐쇄망으로 수층별로 동물 플랑크톤을 채집, 분석하였다. 요각류 중 난류 외양성 종인 Pleuromamma gracilis, Calanus tenuicornis와 모악류의 Sagita enflata 및 S. minima, 한류성 종인 Calanus cristatus, Calanus plumchrus 및 S. elegans 그리고 심해 한해성 종인 Gaetanus armiger의 분포와 수괴 변동과의 관계를 밝혔다. $0{\~}100m$ 수층에서는, 한류성 종인 C. cristatus, C. Plumchrus 및 S. elegans의 분포로써 북한한류 세력이 주문진 연안까지 강하게 영향을 미치는 것을 밝혔다. 주문진-죽변이북 연안해역에서 S. elegans는 출현하지 않다가 죽변연안에서 다시 출현하는 것은 동한난류의 강한 연안측 침투로 북한한류는 하층으로 잠입되고 표층에서 주변해역보다 약 $2{\~}4^{\circ}C$ 높은 고온수가 분포하기 때문이다. 난류종인 S. enflata의 출현역시 이를 뒷받침하고 있다. $100{\~}300m$ 수층에서는, 2월의 경우 울릉도 서북방 해역이 동한난류의 영향을 받는 수괴임을 C. tenuicomis와 P. gracilis의 분포로써 입증하였으며, $8{\~}9$월의 경우, 동한난류의 영향을 받는 울릉도 서북방 해역과 북한한류수계인 속초-주문진 연안역 사이에 혼합성을 띈 수괴가 존재하는 것을 S. bedoti의 분포로써 밝혔다. $300{\~}500m$ 수층의 경우, 2월과 $8{\~}9$월 모두 S. bedoti와 S. enflata의 출현수역인 울릉도 서북방을 제외하고는 모두 동해고유수괴가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 8-9원에 있어서 전선 역에 혼합종인 S. bedoti가 풍부한 반면, 난류종인 S. minima와 S. enflata가 없거나 아주 소량 출현하는 것은 수괴 배치이동과 잘 일치하므로, 이들은 전선형성을 밝히는데 유용한 지표종들이었다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.247-263
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• 2008

A two-dimensional (2D) reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality model, CE-QUAL-W2, is employed to simulate the hydrothermal behavior and density current regime in Andong Reservoir. Observed data used for model forcing and calibration includes: surface water level, water temperature, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids concentration. The model was calibrated to the year of 2003 and verified with continuous run from 2000 till 2004. Without major adjustments, the model accurately simulated surface water levels including the events of large storm. Deep-water reservoirs, like Andong Reservoir, located in the Asian Monsoon region begin to stratify in summer and overturn in fall. This mixing pattern as well as the descending thermocline, onset and duration of stratification and timing of turnover phenomenon were well reproduced by the Andong Model. The temperature field and distinct thermocline are simulated to within $2^{\circ}C$ of observed data. The model performed well in simulating not only the dissolved oxygen profiles but also the metalimnetic dissolved minima phenomenon, a common1y occurring phenomenon in deep reservoirs of temperate regions. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of model calibration for surface water elevation, temperature and dissolved oxygen were 0.0095 m, $1.82^{\circ}C$, and $1.13\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The turbid storm runoff, during the summer monsoon, formed an intermediate layer of about 15 m thickness, moved along the metalimnion until being finally discharged from the dam. This mode of transport of density current, a common characteristic of various other large reservoirs in the Asian summer monsoon region, was well tracked by the model.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제34C권5호
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• pp.66-70
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• 1997

This paper presents a parallel combinatorial variant of evolution strategy (PCES) to solve well-known combinatorial optimization problems, Quadratic assignment problems (QAPs). The PCES reduces the possibility of getting stuck in local minima due to maintenance of subpopulation and thus it is more effective than the CES. Experiment results on two benchmark problems show that the PCES is better than the cES and the genetic algorithm(GA).

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2019

낙동강 상류 수계에 위치한 영강, 내성천과 위천을 대상으로 2016년 5월부터 10월까지 부착돌말류를 이용한 생물학적 수질 평가를 하였다. 부착돌말류는 이동성이 없어 장기적인 수질상태를 반영할 수 있다. 채집된 부착돌말류는 총 158 분류군으로 2목 3아목 8과 34속 143종 15변종으로 구성되어 있다. 영강은 Achnanthes convergens 와 Achnanthes minutissima, 내성천은 Nitzschia inconspicua, 위천은 Achnanthes minutissima, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata와 Navicula minima가 우점하였다. CCA 분석 결과, 낙동강 상류 수계에서는 전기전도도, 총인과 총질소가 부착돌말류의 종조성에 중요한 요인들로 나타났다. 상관분석 결과, 부착돌말지수들(DAIpo 와 TDI)은 서로 높은 상관성(0.87)을 보였다. 부착돌말지수(DAIpo와 TDI)를 이용한 생물학적 수질평가 결과, 영강은 대부분의 지점에서 A등급으로 평가되었다. 내성천은 A등급으로 평가된 N1을 제외한 모든 지점에서 C~D등급으로 평가되었다. 위천은 W1의 DAIpo가 B~C등급이나 TDI는 D등급으로 평가되어, 이 지점의 생물학적 수질 평가는 DAIpo보다 TDI의 결과가 더 불량한 것으로 나타났다. W2의 DAIpo와 TDI는 A~D등급으로 수질의 변화가 심하였다. W3와 W4의 DAIpo와 TDI는 대부분 B와 C등급으로 각각 평가되었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.577-579
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• 1992

A new algorithm, which combines the Evolution Strategy and the Simplex method, is proposed for the detection of magnetic body utilizing the disturbance of magnetic fields. Although the detection problem of magnetic body which belongs to the inverse problem may have many local minima, the global optimum point was found by introducing the Evolution Strategy. And the convergency rate was enhanced by introducing the Simplex method. Through the numerical examples, the applicability and usefulness of the proposed algorithm are proved.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.238-245
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• 2004

The interaction between anion and zwitterionic surfactants was investigated by means of surface tension, NMR spectroscopy, and fluorescence studies. These systems are N-tetradecyloxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl betaine ($C_{14}$, TDB), N-octadecyloxymethyl-N,Ndimethyl betaine ($C_{18}$, ODB), and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate (SDE). These systems show a composition dependency in micellar properties. When the molar fraction of TDB and ODB was about 0.6, the cmc values of these systems showed minima, whereas the solubilized amount of a water insoluble dye, NMR line width showed maxima. These changes comes from the intramolecular complexes formed in the mixed micelles. The complexes are due to the electrostatic interaction of oppositely charged head groups of betaine and sodium dodecylethoxy sulfate. A comparison of betaine and SDE alkyl methylene group line widths to those of n-methyl group indicates that the interior of the micelle in the restricted region is more immobile than the head group.

• 전자공학회논문지C
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• 제34C권12호
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• pp.61-69
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• 1997

This paper proposes a new method for improving the performances of the neural network for optimization using a hyubrid of gradient descent method and dynamic tunneling system. The update rule of gradient descent method, which has the fast convergence characteristic, is applied for high-speed optimization. The update rule of dynamic tunneling system, which is the deterministic method with a tunneling phenomenon, is applied for global optimization. Having converged to the for escaping the local minima by applying the dynamic tunneling system. The proposed method has been applied to the travelling salesman problems and the optimal task partition problems to evaluate to that of hopfield model using the update rule of gradient descent method.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.833-836
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• 2006

본 논문은 Water Shed 알고리듬을 이용하여 여러 공들 중에 숨어있는 공을 찾는 것으로써 실재적인 목적은 Water Shed 알고리듬의 한계를 집어보고 분석해 보고자 함이다. 이로써 세포 분석이나 농산물 관련된 분야에서 사용되던 기존의 Water Shed의 문제점을 보완하는 계기가 될 것이다. 본 연구는 Visual Studio C++을 사용하여 구현해 보았으며, Distance Transform 및 Labelling 등의 알고리듬이 추가로 사용되었다.