• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 2003년도 제3회 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.72-72
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• 2003

The present study examined the possibility of cryopreservation of the D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshell (Scapharca broughtonii), in terms of the survival rates after freezing and thawing. D-shaped and umbo larvae of arkshells were obtained from a shellfish farming on Yosu city. The average shell lengths were $93.3 \pm 10.1 \mu$m and $201.7 \pm 13.5 \mu$, respectively. Five cryoprotectants (CPAs), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and methanol, were tested at the concentrations of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 M. After larvae suspended in CPAs, cryoprotectants were loaded in 0.5 ml straws at a larval density of 50-100 larvae per straw, and epuilibrated for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature ($23^{\circ}C$), repectively. Straws were cooled at a rate of $1^{\circ}C$/min from $0^{\circ}C$ to $-12^{\circ}C$, held for 5 min at $-12^{\circ}C$, and then cooled at $2^{\circ}C$/min to $-35^{\circ}C$ and equilibrated for 5 min followed by plunging in liquid nitrogen. After storage in liquid nitrogen for 1 day, straws were thawed in a $30^{\circ}C$ water. As soon as straws were observed to melt, larvae were diluted with an equal volume of ASW and then washed twice with a large volume of ASW at an interval of 2 min to unload the CPAs. The results showed that after equilibration for 10 and 20 minute at room temperature, no larvae survived using methanol as CPAs, and it was observed that larval shells all open slightly, and larval flesh broke down and slopped over the shells. The highest survival rates (D-shaped larvae: 77.6%, umbo larvae: 59.3%) were obtained with 2M DMSO, and 1.5M glycerol yielded survival rates of 53.8% for D-shaped larvae and 37.5% for umbo larvae. The surviving D-shaped larvae showed active rotary motion and perfect membrane integrity and cytoplasmic normality, and the vigorous movement of veliger cilia was observed inside the closed shells. The breakdown of tissue occurred in the abnormal larvae, and the isolated cell often run out of shells.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.4072-4080
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• 2014

펠티에 소자는 전자부품이나 장비에서 발생하는 열을 냉각하기 위한 방법으로 많이 사용되고, 히트싱크는 이러한 열을 외부로 방출하기 위한 방법으로 많이 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 내부터널의 형상을 가지는 히트싱크에 대한 냉각 및 히팅성능을 자연대류와 강제대류 상태에서 열전달 특성에 대하여 고찰하였다. 또한, 시간에 따른 히트싱크의 열전달 특성 및 온도분포의 변화에 따른 실험을 수행하였고, 자연대류와 강제대류에 따른 히트싱크의 열전달 특성, 온도분포의 변화를 실험을 통해 비교 연구 하였다. 냉각 실험에서 A형상 및 B형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크는 자연대류보다는 강제대류에서 온도가 더 감소하는 것을 알 수가 있었고, 강제대류와 자연대류에서 A, B형상 모두 $-15^{\circ}C$까지 떨어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 전압이 증가 할수록 강제대류와 자연대류 상태에서 A, B형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크 모두 온도가 감소하였다. 히팅실험에서 A형상 및 B형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크는 자연대류보다는 강제대류에서 온도가 더 증가하는 것을 알 수가 있었고, 강제대류와 자연대류에서 전압이 13V일 때, A형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크는 전압이 $150^{\circ}C$, 강제대류에서 B형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크는 $145^{\circ}C$까지 증가하였다. 전압이 증가할수록 강제대류와 자연대류 상태에서 A, B형상 냉각 핀 히트싱크 모두 온도가 증가하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to present a method for endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with unusual C-shaped morphology of the buccal root verified by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This rare anatomical variation was confirmed using CBCT, and nonsurgical endodontic treatment was performed by meticulous evaluation of the pulpal floor. Posttreatment image revealed 3 independent canals in the buccal root obturated efficiently to the accepted lengths in all 3 canals. Our study describes a unique C-shaped variation of the root canal system in a maxillary first molar, involving the 3 buccal canals. In addition, our study highlights the usefulness of CBCT imaging for accurate diagnosis and management of this unusual canal morphology.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1997

A local strain approach was applied to an external single and double grooved C-shaped specimen in order to evaluate and predict the fatigue crack initiation life by using low cycle fatigue properties. The low cycle fatigue properties were determined from the strain-controlled fatigue tests using smooth cylindrical axial specimens. Fatigue crack initiation life was evaluated by a life prediction software, FALIPS, based on the local strain approach. The fatigue life was significantly influenced by the mean stress, and SWT parameter represented the fatigue life effectively. The predicted fatigue crack initiation life was then compared to the experimental fatigue life evaluated from the C-shaped fatigue test specimens. A good correlation was found between the experimental and predicted fatigue lives within factors of 2 and 4 for the single and double grooved C-shaped specimens respectively. Also, experimental fatigue life of the double grooved specimen was 10-12 times longer than that of the single grooved specimen.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.432-436
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• 2019

Zinc oxide(ZnO) micro/nanocrystals are grown via thermal evaporation of ZnO powder mixed with Mn powder, which is used as a reducing agent. The ZnO/Mn powder mixture produces ZnO micro/nanocrystals with diverse morphologies such as rods, wires, belts, and spherical shapes. Rod-shaped ZnO micro/nanocrystals, which have an average diameter of 360 nm and an average length of about $12{\mu}m$, are fabricated at a temperature as low as $800^{\circ}C$ due to the reducibility of Mn. Wire-and belt-like ZnO micro/nanocrystals with length of $3{\mu}m$ are formed at $900^{\circ}C$ and $1,000^{\circ}C$. When the growth temperature is $1,100^{\circ}C$, spherical shaped ZnO crystals having a diameter of 150 nm are synthesized. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that ZnO had hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. A strong ultraviolet emission peak and a weak visible emission band are observed in the cathodoluminescence spectra of the rod- and wire-shaped ZnO crystals, while visible emission is detected for the spherical shaped ZnO crystals.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.108-115
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• 2007

We have designed a high transmission C-shaped aperture using finite differential time domain (FDTD) technique. The C-shaped aperture was fabricated in the aluminum thin film on a glass substrate using a focused ion beam (FIB) milling. Nano-size patterning was demonstrated with a vacuum contact device to keep tight contact between the Al mask and the photoresist. Using 405 nm laser, we recorded a 50 nm-size dot pattern on the photoresist with the aperture and analyzed the spot size dependent on the dose illuminated on the aperture.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.647-656
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• 2016

In this paper, we define the generalized golden shaped hypersurfaces in Lorentz space forms. Based on the classification of proper semi-Riemannian hypersurfaces in semi-Riemannian real space forms, we obtain the whole families of the generalized golden shaped hypersurfaces in Lorentz space forms.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.346-349
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• 2009

하악 제2대구치는 근관형태의 다양한 변이를 가지고 있어 근관치료시 여러가지 어려움을 야기한다. 본 연구에서는 하악 제2대구치의 여러가지 근관형태를 비율별로 분석해보고자 2005년에서 2008년까지 보라매병원에서 하악 제2대구치 근관치료를 받은 86개의 치아에서 치수강 개방 후 육안으로 근관입구의 형태를 확인하고 근관장 측정용 파일 삽입 후 방사선 사진을 촬영하여 근관형태를 기록, 분석하였다. 그 결과 C형 근관은 31.4%(27개)의 발현빈도를 보였으며 3근관 50%(43개), 4근관 12.7%(11개), 2근관 5.8%(5개)로 나타났다. C형 근관의 성별에 따른 발현빈도는 남성에서 31.7%, 여성에서 31.1%였다. 좌측 하악 제2대구치는 30.9%, 우측 하악 제2대구치는 31.8%의 C형 근관 발현빈도를 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1803-1806
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• 2005

Formation of octahedral shaped PbSe quantum dots at higher synthesis temperature is being reported in this paper. The synthesis includes the reaction between lead oleate and trioctylphosphine selenide under inert gas conditions to produce PbSe. TEM, SEM, XRD and EDS were used to characterize the samples. The SEM exhibited the formation of spherical shaped nanocrystals at temperature below 140 ${^{\circ}C}$ and octahedral shaped nanoparticles at higher temperatures. Moreover, the TEM also showed the well resolved (111) lattice fringes proving that the nanocrystals were crystalline in nature. Synthesis of highly pure PbSe nanocrystals was another interesting aspect of this research.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

C-shape 근관은 주로 하악 제 2대구치에서 보이는 해부학적 변이 형태로서, 그 특징은 각 근관을 연결하는 fin이나 web이 존재한다. 이런 해부학적으로 복잡함은 근관치료시에 세정과 성형 및 근관충전을 방해하며, 과다한 기구 조작시에 뜻하지 않는 천공을 유발하기도 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 C-shape 치근을 가진 하악 제2 대구치의 해부학적인 형태와 치근의 위치에 따른 최소 근관벽 두께에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 발거된 하악 대구치중 C-shape 치근을 가진 치아를 30개 선별하여 방사선 사진 및 협측, 설측, 치근단 부위를 디지털 카메라를 이용하여 촬영하였다. 자가 중합형 교정용 레진 (Orthodontics resin, Densply/Caulk, U.S.A)을 이용하여 치관부를 제거한 치아를 매몰한 후 각각의 시편을 Accutom-50 (Struers, Denmark)에 고정시켜 1 mm 간격으로 절단, 연마한 다음 절단면을 수술용현미경에 연결된 디지털 카메라 (Coolpix 995, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 각각의 상을 촬영하였다. 30개 치아에서 촬영한 197개의 치아단면을 Root thickness gauge program을 이용하여 근관형태의 변화를 분류하고 부위별 근관과 치아외벽 사이에 존재하는 상아질의 최소두께에 대해 연구 분석하였다. 1. 근관입구에서 C I이 가장 많이 (73%) 관찰되었으나 치근단부로 갈수록 근관 형태의 다양한 변화를 보여 C II와 C III의 근관형태가 많이 관찰되었으며, 11 개의 (36%)치아에서는 근관입구에서 치근단부까지 근관형태의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 근관입구에서 단지 2개의 치아에서 나타난 C III type은 치근단부로 갈수록 높은 발현빈도를 나타내었다. 2. C-shape 근관은 근관입구 부위에서는 continuous 나 semicolon canal을 가지나 치근단부로 갈수록 2개나 3개의 근관을 갖는 경우가 많다. 3.평균적인 근관과 치질사이의 최소거리는 근첨부의 설측부위에서 나타났다.