• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2006

To prepare basic data for oral health promotion of high school students through the survey of the recognition of oral health, a questionnaire survey was conducted for 369 students. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 11.5 with $x^2$-test, fisher's exact test, t-test. The obtained results were as follows 1. The average of the high school student's DMF rate, DMFT index and SiC Index was 87.53%, 3.36, 6.50. 2. The average of the high school student's oral health knowledge was more than 3, 70% of highschool did right toothbrushing. But toothbrushing frequency of student of more than 60% was less than 2 a day. 3. In SiC Index, Only 30% of high school students received oral health education and 80% of them recognized oral health manpower's education needs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2013

Process Capability Index (PCI) is useful Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool that is measure of process diagnostic and assessment tools widely use in industrial field. It has advantage of easy to calculate and easy to use in the field. $C_p$ and $C_{pk}$ are traditional PCIs. These are only considers of process variation. These are not given information about the characteristic value does not match the target value of the process. Studies of this process capability index by many scholars actively for supplement of its disadvantage. These studies to evaluate the capability of situation of various field has presented a new process capability index. $C_{pm}$ is considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target value. And $C_{pm}{^+}$ is considers economic loss for the process deviation from target value. In this paper development of new process capability index that is Taguchi's quadratic loss function by applying the expected loss. And check the correlation between existing traditional process capability index ($C_{pk}$) and new one. Finally, we propose the criteria for classification about developed process capability index.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.136-142
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the correlation of the physicochemical quality index(pH, acidity, reducing sugar content and lactic acid bacterial count) and sensory index(sourness) of Kakdugi during the fermentation at 5$^{\circ}C$, 10$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ respectively. Also, the relations between physicochemical quality index and overall acceptability were carried out. The pH range, based on the middle sour intensity point of 4.5, was 5.75 at 5$^{\circ}C$ fermentation, whereas that was 4.2 at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ fermentation. The pH showing the highest overall acceptability decreased along with increased fermentation temperature. The reduced sugar content decreased rapidly up to 0.9% acidity, but after that, decreased slowly from more than 0.9% acidity at all fermentation temperatures. With increased fermentation temperature, the reduced sugar content showing the highest overall acceptability also showed the decreasing tendency. Change patterns of lactic acid bacterial count and sourness didn't coincided at 5$^{\circ}C$ fermentation, whereas those did at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ fermentation. The indexes showing high significant correlations with sourness of Kakdugi fermented at 5$^{\circ}C$ were not pH and lactic acid bacterial count but acidity and reducing sugar content(p<0.05). The sourness of Kakdugi fermented at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 20$^{\circ}C$ showed high significant correlations with all of the physicochemical index(p<0.05).

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.371-382
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• 2024

Measurement or prediction of compression index (C_c) of soils is essential for assessment of total and differential settlement of structures. It is a well-known fact that this parameter is controlled by several index identifiers of soil including initial void ratio, Atterberg limits, overconsolidation ratio, specific gravity, etc. Many studies in the past proposed relationships for prediction of C_c based on different index properties. Therefore, this study aims to present a comparison of previously proposed equations for estimation of C_c. Data from literature was compiled, and a total of 90 and 623 test results on remolded and undisturbed specimens were used to question the validity of previously proposed equations. Nevertheless, the modeling ability of 7 and 12 equations for estimation of C_c of remolded and undisturbed soils were questioned by use of compiled data. Moreover, new empirical relationships based on initial void ratio and toughness limit for prediction of C_c was proposed by use of nonlinear multivariable regression and evolutionary based regression analyses. The results are promising-the performances of models established are quite acceptable, which are verified by statistical analyses.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.672-680
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• 2011

The purpose of this study has been carried to develop a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors on Forest Carbon Cycle Community(F.C.C.C) based on the result of survey of 96 participants who were operation managers on mountain eco village(31), relevant experts(33), and officers of local government(32). For analysis of the results of survey, DHP(Delphi Hierarchy Process) method was used which is a combination of Delphi method and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. The key factors on selection of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project of Korea Forest Service was selected under three hierarchical classes. Class 1 comprises 3 indices(Physical resource index, Human resource index, Vision index), and Class 2 which contains 10 indices (Existing resource, Surroundings resource, Forest biomass resource, Humanities Social quality, Local resident participation, Leader's ability, External support, Planning of operation, Capability of operation, and Effect of operation). Class 3 is sub-level class of class which possess 38 indices. From the results of analysis, Consistency Index(C.I) of each index in the 3 classes was used as evaluation factor. In Class 1, index 'human resources' showed highest Consistency Index(0.454). In Class 2, index 'forest biomass resources' was the highest Consistency Index(0.376) in 'physical resources' of Class 1, index 'leader's ability' was the highest Consistency Index(0.326) in 'human resources' of Class 1, and index 'planning of operation' was the highest Consistency Index(0.346) in 'vision' of Class 1. In Class 3, relative importance of 38 index including 'Joint ownership land security(C.I.-0.266)' was evaluated. Based on the result of this study, a criterion for the selection of evaluation factors for F.C.C.C was developed and the evaluation criterion is expected to be use to select of a suitable area to launch F.C.C.C. project since 2011.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 1992

Cardiac systolic time intervals (STLs) and Heather index (HI) were used to access changes in left ventricular function of six male subjects exposed to postural changes,$0^{\circ}C$, ${\pm}2^{\circ}C$, ${\pm}45^{\circ}C$, ${\pm}90^{\circ}C$, Significant prolongation of the pre-ejection period (PEP) and PEP/ LVET ratio, shortening of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), STI, HI and $1/PEP^{2}$were observed during exposure to both $+45^{\circ}C $ and $+90^{\circ}C $But the values measured during $-45^{\circ}C $ and$-90^{\circ}C $ were reversed. Changes in fluid shift, filling volume, preload, after load and sympathetic activities may account for the observed findings. Early response of cardiac foctions was recorded using impedance cardiography. This method is very simple but accurate. Thus it will be useful in this aerospace and work physiology. In conclusion, STIs appear to provide reliable noninvasive method for examining changes of cardiac function during exposure to postural changes.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.209-219
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop the statistical test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process. Methods: This study uses Bootstrap method to calculate the approximate P-value for various simulation conditions under mixture normal process. Results: This study indicates that our proposed method is effective way to test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process. Conclusion: This study finds out that statistical test for process capability index $C_p$ based on mixture normal process is useful for real application.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1998

This paper proposes a fourth generation index $C_{psk}$, constructed from $C_{psk}$, by introducing the factor｜$\mu$-T｜ in the numerator as an extra penalty for the departure of the process mean from the preassigned target value T. The motivation behind the introduction of $C_{psk}$ is that when $T\neqM$ process shifts away from target are evaluated without respect to direction. All indices that are now in use assume normally distributed data, and any use of the indices on non-normal data results in inaccurate capability measurements. In this paper, a new process capability index $C_{psk}$ is introduced for non-normal process. The Pearson curve and the Johnson curve are selected for capability index calculation and data modeling the normal-based index $C_{psk}$ is used as the model for non-normal process. A significant result of this research find that the ranking of the six indices, $C_{p}$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{pm}$, ${C^*}_{psk}$, $C_{pmk}$, $C_{psk}$in terms of sensitivity to departure of the process median from the target value from the most sensitive one up to the least sensitive are $C_{psk}$, $C_{pmk}$, ${C^*}_{psk}$,$C_{pm}$, $C_{pk}$, $C_{p}$.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.35
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• pp.87-98
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• 2014

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR-ATR) was applied to chemical analysis for conservation status of 10 human bone remains from Joseon Dynasty. The result of crystallinity index (CI) is $4.25{\pm}0.78$, carbonate to carbonate ratio (C/C) is $0.91{\pm}0.04$ and cabonate content (C/P) is $0.19{\pm}0.06$. The higher histological index (HI) confirmed CI and C/P value was increased and C/C value was reduced. While C/C or C/P values analysis is possible. While DNA analysis can be extracted from the bone, C/C values are lower or C/P values are higher was found to the analysis is possible. Chemical assessment of FTIR and histological index consequence is expected to be applicable as a basis for comprehensive understanding of the conservation status excavated bones.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.367-377
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• 2023

This study investigates the utility of the Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and Cardiometabolic Index(CMI) as predictors for diagnosing metabolic syndrome. The study involved 1970 males, 1459 females, totaling 3429 participants who underwent health checkups at P Hospital in Busan between January 2023 and June 2023. Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was based on the presence of 3 or more risk factors out of the 5 criteria outlined by the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute(AHA/NHLBI), and participants with 2 or fewer risk factors were categorized as normal. Statistical analyses included independent sample t-tests, chi-square tests, Pearson's correlation analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC) curve analysis, and logistic regression analysis, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences(SPSS) program. Significance was established at p<0.05. The comparison revealed that the metabolic syndrome group exhibited attributes such as advanced age, male gender, elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressures, high blood sugar, elevated triglycerides, reduced LDL-C, elevated HDL-C, higher Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and components linked to abdominal obesity. Pearson correlation analysis showed strong positive correlations between waist circumference/height ratio, waist circumference, Cardiometabolic Index, and triglycerides. Weak positive correlations were observed between LDL-C, body mass index, and Cardiometabolic index, while a strong negative correlation was found between Cardiometabolic Index and HDL-C. ROC analysis indicated that the Cardiometabolic Index(CMI), Triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index, and waist circumference demonstrated the highest Area Under the Curve(AUC) values, indicating their efficacy in diagnosing metabolic syndrome. Optimal cut-off values were determined as >1.34, >8.86, and >84.5 for the Cardiometabolic Index, Triglyceride-glucose index, and waist circumference, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant differences for age(p=0.037), waist circumference(p<0.001), systolic blood pressure(p<0.001), triglycerides(p<0.001), LDL-C(p=0.028), fasting blood sugar(p<0.001), Cardiometabolic Index(p<0.001), and Triglyceride-glucose index (p<0.001). The odds ratios for these variables were 1.015, 1.179, 1.090, 3.03, and 69.16, respectively. In conclusion, the Cardiometabolic Index and Triglyceride-glucose index are robust predictive indicators closely associated with metabolic syndrome diagnosis, and waist circumference is identified as an excellent predictor. Integrating these variables into clinical practice holds the potential for enhancing early diagnosis and prevention of metabolic syndrome.