• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.35 no.6
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2020

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of Sprout of Coix lacryma-jobi var. mayuen Stapf water extract (SC) on the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mice. Methods : The antioxidant activity of SC was measured through total polyphenol and total flavonoid content in vitro. The experiment was conducted with seven-week-old male Balb/c mice. After 1 week adaptation, acute colitis was induced by oral administration of 5% DSS dissolved in drinking water, for 7 days. And normal mice received drinking water without DSS throughout the entire experimental period. For each experiment, the mice were divided into 4 groups and 24 colitis mice were arbitrarily allocated into 3 groups (n = 8/group); Normal group, Control group, SC 100 mg/kg treated group (SCL), SC 200 mg/kg treated group (SCH). Serum and colon tissues were collected after one weeks of drug administration. Results : ROS levels, ONOO^- levels, AST, and ALT in serum were decreased in SC treated groups compared to the control group. Western blotting measurements of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, catalase, GPx-1/2, IL-4, IL-10, and Bcl2 showed that the SC treated groups was increased compared to the Control group. Also, western blot measurements of NF-κBp65, p-IκBα, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and Caspase-3 showed that the SC treated groups was reduced compared to the Control group. Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that SC treatment can attenuate the DSS-induced colitis though inhibiting NF-κB pathway and enhancing Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, SC was the potential to be used as a natural therapeutic drug.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.32-38
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: Our study aims to investigate the impact of temperature on the abundance and structure of soil microbial community in a temperature gradient tunnel.METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate the interaction between temperature and input of C and N, rice straw and urea were applied to the study plots, respectively. We also studied the impact of plants by comparing plots cultivated with rice and unplanted plots. Soil microbial response was measured using the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil chemical properties, including pH and ammonia and phosphate concentrations were influenced by warming and material addition. Microbial PLFA was partially influenced by material inputs, and actinomycetes PLFA was decreased by warming. In cultivated rice plots, an increase in the carbon to nitrogen ratio illustrated the effect of plant on microbiota caused by carbon addition through the root residues. Results from the principal component analysis of PLFA data showed that warmed and control plots applied with rice straw could be separated by principal component analysis.CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that plant influence both the microbial community structure and abundance, and temperature change has a minimal impact on soil microorganisms in flooded soil.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.381-391
• /
• 2009

Crop production can be secured by the cycle of green manure crops as an alternative of the chemical fertilizer. Recently, rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has been cultivated in the south part of Korea for the production of biodiesel. In this research, we focused on recycling rapeseed residue, which is produced after harvesting the rapeseed for biodiesel, as a potential source of nitrogen to the succeeding crop. Pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of winter rapeseed as green manure on mineralization and uptake of nitrogen to the succeeding corn (Zea mays L.). Result showed that total nitrogen and C/N ratio of rapeseed at the harvesting stage was 0.54% and 63, respectively. The incorporation of rapeseed without decomposition period slightly inhibited nitrogen uptake to the succeeding corn compared to those with 30 days decomposition period. The pH and EC values of soils increased by increasing the period of decomposition of rapeseed from 5.2 to 6.4 and from 0.05 dS/m to 0.21 dS/m, respectively. Significant amounts of $NH_4^+$ and $NO_3^-$ are released by incorporation of rapeseed. The succeeding corn took up 86% and 88% of inorganic nitrogen released from the rapeseed with and without decomposition period, respectively. The overall results suggested that the utilization of rapeseed residue as green manure can be an alternative source of nitrogen in corn-rapeseed double cropping system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.440-443
• /
• 2002

Present1y the X-Ray diagnosis system is a real condition that is changing by digital ways in it's existent analog ways. This digital radiation detector is divided by the direct method and the indirect method. The indirect method of applied voltage has special qualities that the resolution is low than direct method by diffusion effect that happens. The conversion process ( radiation${\rightarrow}$visible ray${\rightarrow}$electrical signal of two times, has shortcomings that the energy conversion efficiency of electrical signal is low. The direct method has shortcomings that need strong electric fie1d to detect electrical signal efficiently. This research achieved to develop digital detector of the Hybrid method that have form that mixes two ways to supplement shortcoming of direct. indirect method. A studied electrical characteristic by Iodine's Mixture ratio change is added to selenium in the detector which has a multi-layer structure (Oxybromide + a-Se). There are 8 kinds of Manufactured compositions to amorphous selenium Iodine each 30ppm, 100ppm, 200 ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm, 500ppm, 600ppm, 700ppm by a doped photoconductor through a vacuum thermal evaporation method. The phosphor layer is consisted of Oxybromide ($BrO_2$) which uses optical adhesives multi-layer structure. The manufactured compositions calculates and compares Net Charge and signal to noise ratio measuring Photocurrent about Darkcurrent and X-ray. When doped Iodine Mixture ratio is 500ppm to the multi-layer structure (Oxybromide + a-Se), applied voltage of $3V/{\mu}m$, leakage current of compositions $2.61nA/cm^2$ and net charge value by 764pC/$cm^2$/mR then the best result appeared.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1970

1. Kum Nam Poong which is highly susceptible to bacterial leaf blight was used as the host plant throughout this experiment. Xanthomonas oryzae 6526 was inoculated on the top of upper leaves by single needle inoculation method. After 14 days, the enlarged spots were examined in the experimental pots. Each of 3 levels of nitrogen, phosphate and potassium pots were arranged at random with three replications. 2. The amounts of nitrogen fertilizer applied and the lesion development of bacterial leaf blight were positively correlated regardless of application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers. 3. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on the lesion development was not significantly different from standard level. The lesion development was stimulated when the amount of phosphate fertilizer was increased as twice as standard level. 4. The inhibitory effect of potassium fertilizer on leaf blight was maximum by applying standard level. The stimulative effect of potassium fertilizer on the lesion development, however, was noticed. when potassium fertilizer applied was increased as twice as the standard level. 5. The heading date and spike number of rice plant were significantly correlated with the lesion development, and such phenomena were depended on the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied regardless of the other fertilizers applied in this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.21 no.10
• /
• pp.573-579
• /
• 2011

Highly textured Ag, Al and Al:Si back reflectors for flexible n-i-p silicon thin-film solar cells were prepared on 100-${\mu}m$-thick stainless steel substrates by DC magnetron sputtering and the influence of their surface textures on the light-scattering properties were investigated. The surface texture of the metal back reflectors was influenced by the increased grain size and by the bimodal distribution that arose due to the abnormal grain growth at elevated deposition temperatures. This can be explained by the structure zone model (SZM). With an increase in the deposition temperatures from room temperature to $500^{\circ}C$, the surface roughness of the Al:Si films increased from 11 nm to 95 nm, whereas that of the pure Ag films increased from 6 nm to 47 nm at the same deposition temperature. Although Al:Si back reflectors with larger surface feature dimensions than pure Ag can be fabricated at lower deposition temperatures due to the lower melting point and the Si impurity drag effect, they show poor total and diffuse reflectance, resulting from the low reflectivity and reflection loss on the textured surface. For a further improvement of the light-trapping efficiency in solar cells, a new type of back reflector consisting of Ag/Al:Si bilayer is suggested. The surface morphology and reflectance of this reflector are closely dependent on the Al:Si bottom layer and the Ag top layer. The relationship between the surface topography and the light-scattering properties of the bilayer back reflectors is also reported in this paper.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.950-958
• /
• 2015

BCS1L gene encodes mitochondrial protein and is a member of conserved AAA protein family. This gene is involved in the incorporation of Rieske FeS and Qcr10p into complex III of respiratory chain. In our previous study, AluYRa2-derived alternative transcript in rhesus monkey genome was identified. However, this transcript has not been reported in human genome. In present study, we conducted evolutionary analysis of AluYRa2-exonized transcript with various primate genomic DNAs and cDNAs from humans, rhesus monkeys, and crabeating monkeys. Remarkably, our results show that AluYRa2 element has only been integrated into genomes of Macaca species. This Macaca lineage-specific integration of AluYRa2 element led to exonization event in the first intron region of BCS1L gene by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Intriguingly, in rhesus and crabeating monkeys, more diverse transcript variants by alternative splicing (AS) events, including exon skipping and different 5' splice sites from humans, were identified. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that AluYRa2-exonized transcript has short N-terminal peptides. Therefore, AS events play a major role in the generation of various transcripts and proteins during primate evolution. In particular, lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and species-specific Alu-derived exonization events could be important sources of gene diversification in primates.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2001

We have synthesized $^{99m}$Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-biocytin as a new imaging agent for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy in differentiating carbon tetrachloride ( $CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity from $\alpha$-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, which reflecting the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice caused by neonatal hepatitis from congenital biliary atresia in humans. Methods: Balb/c mice (female, 20 g, n=4-6) were pretreated with $CCl_4$(0.5 or $1.0m\ell$/kg) and ANIT ($150 or 300 m\ell$/kg) 18 h before scintigraphy. Biochemical and histopathological examinations showed a pattern of typical acute hepatitis (increase of transaminases and hepatocellular necnsis) in $CCl_4$-treated mice and cholestasis (increase of alkaline phosphatase and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, and biliary hyperplasia) in ANIT-treated mice, respectively, Mice were fasted at least 4 hr prior to the intravenous injection of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin (18.5 MBq/20$\mu\textrm{g}$) in 2% human serum albumin in saline. Scintigraphy was performed with a ${\gamma}$-camera equipped with a 1-mm diameter pin-hole collimator for 30 min and images were acquired every 15 s. We compared the values of physical parameters, such as peak liver/heart ratio ($${\gamma}$_{max}$) and peak ratio time ($t_{max}$) far $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy. Results: Scintigraphic parameters of the $CCl_4$-pretreated (0.5 $m\ell$/kg) group showed a 81.9% decrease of r$_{max}$, and 42.2% decrease of $t_{max}$, whereas the ANIT-pretreated ( $150m\ell$/kg) group showed a 53% decrease of $r_{max}$, and 2.36-fold increase of $t_{max}$, (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the decrease of $r_{max}$ and the shortening of $t_{max}$ are characteristic features for hepatotoxicity, in contrast to the increase of $t_{max}$ and decrease of $r_{max}$ for biliary hyperplasia. Conclusion: $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin hepatobiliary scintigraphy can distinguish hepatitis from cholestasis in mice model and may be similarly useful in humans which differentiating the cause of neonatal jaundice in clinical study.cal study.cal study.cal study.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.92-99
• /
• 2002

The study was conducted to investigate the changes of soil properties and evaluation of plant utilization according to the application of compost used with phyllite. At this experiment, the plant cultivation test(lettuce and radish plant) was carried out to know about physico-chemical properties of compost, humus degradarion and stabilization degree, and some effects among rhe treatments were best at 20Mg/ha in PSPC 10(Phyllite, Saw dust, Pig manure Compost) plots and ar 10Mg/ha in PSPC 20 treatments, respectively. The EC value was high in the compost. Therefore the EC was appeared more than 2ds/m at the applied 40Mg/ha with compost. And in case of lettuce, Avail.-$P_2O_5$ and EC were more increased than in the radish plots, highly. In contrast, in case of radish, Toral-N, Total-C, and EC contents were decreased after plant cultivation. That is, it could know that radish was fond of absorprion of nitrogen. Also, BD values of soil physical properties were decreased according to increasing of phyllite addition ratio, however water holding capacity(WHC) was increased. The plant test had not been darnaged through the application of compost used with phyllite in soil and there had not been worse on changing of soil physico-chemical properties. Consequently, phyllite composts have been thought on agricultural utilized possibility.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 2007

Pyrethroid insecticide have widely been used for agricultural sector and residential environments. To assess the exposure of insecticide which is absorbed through skin the analysis of urinary metabolite is essential. At present, the urinary 3-PBA was analyzed using liquid-phase extraction. But LPE have many limitations, such as long pre-treatment time and low recovery. So, this study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for analysing 3-PBA in urine using solid phase extraction. Furthermore, this study intend to investigate the relation of concentrations of pyrethroid, deltamethrin in air and 3-PBA in urine. The optimum condition for hydrolysis was found to be done with hydrochloric acid for one hour. The recovery rates of 3-PBA were $84.6%{\pm}1.2%$, $54.8{\pm}0.9%$, $99.8{\pm}1.2%$ with XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 using as the aborbents and acetone as eluents respectively. But acetonitrle and methanol gave low recovery rate and methyl cellosolve could not elute the compound. The amount of acetone for elution were 6mL, 9mL, 3mL for XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 as absorbents respectively. The non-absorbed rates was $0.8{\pm}0.5%$, and $0.7{\pm}0.3%$ under XAD-16, mesh size 140-200, amount of resin 1.4g and the flow rate of eluent was 0.1mL/min. In the concentration process, we obtained 11 times higher concentration of material. The amounts of urinary 3-PBA were. The LODs of 3-PBA and deltamethrin were 0.004 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L, respectively. The further research of minute monitoring which include spray pattern, environmental condition is needed And more research about the relation between total pyrethroid exposure and urinary various metabolite are also necessary.