• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.139-144
• /
• 2015

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate the relationships between the space X and the hyperspace C(X) concerning admissibility and connectedness im kleinen. The following results are obtained: Let X be a Hausdorff continuum, and let A ∈ C(X). (1) If for each open set U containing A there is a continuum K and a neighborhood V of a point of A such that V ⊂ IntK ⊂ K ⊂ U, then C(X) is connected im kleinen. at A. (2) If IntA ≠ ø, then for each open set U containing A there is a continuum K and a neighborhood V of a point of A such that V ⊂ IntK ⊂ K ⊂ U. (3) If X is connected im kleinen. at A, then A is admissible. (4) If A is admissible, then for any open subset U of C(X) containing A, there is an open subset V of X such that A ⊂ V ⊂ ∪U. (5) If for any open subset U of C(X) containing A, there is a subcontinuum K of X such that A ∈ IntK ⊂ K ⊂ U and there is an open subset V of X such that A ⊂ V ⊂ ∪ IntK, then A is admissible.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.434-439
• /
• 1995

Six-coordinate molybdenum(Ⅴ)-oxo complexes, (R4N)[MoO(NCS)2L](R=CH3, C2H5, n-C4, H9) with S-methyl-3-(2-hydroxy-x-phenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate(L1: x=5-H) and its derivatives (L2:x=5-CH3, L3: x=3-CH3O, L4: x=5,6-C4H4 and L5: x=5-NO2) have been synthesized and the structural, spectral and electrochemical properties of the complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, UV-Vis, IR, 1H NMR, and CV (cyclic voltammetry).

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.8 no.4
• /
• pp.203-209
• /
• 1998

Crystallographic and magnetic properties of single phase garnet $Y_{3-x}Bi_xFe_5O_{12}$ (x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) were studied by using x-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Ultra-fine polycrystalline cubic samples have been prepared by sol-gel method. The lattice constant increase linearly with increasing an amount of Bi. Annealing temperature was larger than 800 $^{\circ}C$ for the growth of a single-phase garnet powder. The second phase of garnet, $(BiFeO_3)$, was at 1000 $^{\circ}C$ for x=0.75, and 950 $^{\circ}C$ for x=1.00. From Mossbauer spectroscopy and VSM measurements, the magnetization and the coercivity were decreased and the Curie temperature $Y_{3-x}Bi_xFe_5O_{12}$(x=0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0) was slightly increased as increasing the Bi content.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.331-337
• /
• 2019

Objective: We studied the effects of 4x, 30x, 30c, and 200c homeopathic dilutions of A. montana on inflammation in primary cultured mouse chondrocytes. Methods: Examined expression of Coll-2 and COX-2, and secretion of PGE2. Results: Treatment with 4x, 30x, and 30c A. montana decreased mRNA expression of Coll-2 and 30x A. montana increased mRNA expression of COX-2, while treatment with 30x and 30c A. montana increased protein expression of COX-2. Treatment with the 30c A. montana increased release of PGE2. Conclusion: Treatment with A. montana induces dedifferentiation and inflammatory responses, including increased COX-2 expression and PGE2 secretion.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.105-107
• /
• 1978

Considering the prime z-filters on a topological space X through the structures of the ring C(X) of continuous functions. a prime z-filter is uniquely determined by a primary z-ideal in the ring C(X), i. e., they have a one-to-one correspondence. Any primary ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal in C(X). Denoting $\mathfrak{F}(X)$, $\mathfrak{Q}(X)$, 𝔐(X) the prime, primary-z, maximal spectra, respectively, $\mathfrak{Q}(X)$ is neither an open nor a closed subspace of $\mathfrak{F}(X)$.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.695-701
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we have characterizations of almost P-spaces which are analogous characterizations of P-spaces and we will show that if X is an almost P-space such that it is $C^{*}-embedded$ in every almost P-space in which X is embedded, then $$\mid${\upsilon}X-X$\mid${\leq}1$ and that if $$\mid${\upsilon}X-X$\mid${\leq}1$ and ${\upsilon}X$ is Lindelof, then for any almost P-space Y in which X is dense embedded, then X is $C^{*}-embeded$ in Y.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.437-445
• /
• 2008

We show the existence of at least four nontrivial critical points of the $C^{1,1}$ functional f on the Hilbert space $H=X_0{\oplus}X_1{\oplus}X_2{\oplus}X_3{\oplus}X_4$, $X_i$, i = 0, 1, 2, 3 are finite dimensional, with f(0) = 0 when two sublevel subsets, torus with three holes and sphere, of f link, the functional f satisfies sup-inf variatinal linking inequality on the linking subspaces, the functional f satisfies $(P.S.)_c$ condition, and $f{\mid}_{X_0{\oplus}X_4}$ has no critical point with level c. We use the deformation lemma, the relative category theory and the critical point theory for the proof of main result.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.189-194
• /
• 2002

Microstructure and magnetic properties of Sm-Co sintered magnet were investigated with the variation of Zr content and their solution treatment and aging temperatures. The fraction of eutectic structure and the size of eutectic area decreased with increasing x value of cast Sm(C $O_{.688-x}$F $e_{.242}$C $u_{.07}$Z $r_{x}$)$_{7.404}$ alloys. On the other hand, x=0.022 ingot had finer dendritic structure compared to the other alloys. The sintered magnet of Sm(C $O_{.688-x}$F $e_{.242}$C $u_{.07}$Z $r_{x}$)$_{7.404}$ had well defined cell structure which is composed of cell boundary Sm $Co_{5}$ and cell interior S $m_2$Co/ssub 17/ phase. Cell boundary Sm $Co_{5}$ phase has 20nm thickness and its relative angle was 120$^{\circ}$ in x=0.018 and 0.022 alloys. Cell size was decreased with increasing Zr contents. But, x=0.026 alloy has diffuse cell boundary and irregular shape compared to x=0.022 and 0.018 alloys. Maximum value of coercive force and maximum energy Product were obtained from x=0.022 alloys. Optimum solution treatment temperature of Sm(C $O_{.688-x}$F $e_{.242}$C $u_{.07}$Z $r_{x}$)$_{7.404}$ alloy was 1170 $^{\circ}C$ and 1st aging temperature of two step aging process for higher coercivity was 850 $^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 1997

A SiC epilayer on the 6H-SiC crystal substrate was grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The crystal structure of the SiC epilayer was investigated by using the X-ray diffraction patterns and the Roman scattering spectroscopy. The SiC epilayer on the 6H-SiC substrate was grown to be homoepilayer by CVD. In order to distinguish a certain SiC polytype mixed in the SiC crystal grown by the modified Lely method, we have calculated the X-ray diffraction intensities and Brags angles of the typical SiC crystal powders. By comparing the measured X-ray diffraction pattern with the calculated ones, it was identified that the SiC crystal grown by the modified Lely method was the 6H-SiC crystal mixed some 15R-SiC.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.64-71
• /
• 2013

In this study we designed a lean $NO_x$ trap (LNT) model with $GT-POWER^{TM}$ program and then the LNT model was compared to the bench flow reactor test results. This model consists of 9 kinetic reactions to represent the main steps of NO oxidation, $NO_x$ adsorption, $NO_x$ release and then its reduction. The comparison was performed on the operating conditions at the space velocity of 50,000 1/hr and 80,000 1/hr with the temperature range of $200^{\circ}C{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ with the even spaced temperature step of $50^{\circ}C$. The experimental results show that the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency was enhanced by the temperature up to $350^{\circ}C$ and then decayed at higher temperatures. The LNT model predicts the similar trend of the $NO_x$ conversion efficiency to the experimental results below $350^{\circ}C$, but overestimates above $350^{\circ}C$. This overestimation comes from the higher reduction efficiency which was obtained by the different reduction gas composition such as $C_3H_6$ in the model to replace $CH_4$, $C_2H_4$ in the bench test.