• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-69
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• 2001

TradeCard is a B2B (business-to-business) e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. and objective of TradeCard is to provide a secure, reliable, cost-effective and user-friendly solution for conducting and settling international trade transactions. This paper analyzes the reviews of TradeCard by Electronic Message and the various problems which come to application of TradeCard, with particular attention to existing international frameworks for payment systems based on Documentary Credit.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.49
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• pp.409-434
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• 2011

SWIFT has designed Trade Services Utility(TSU) to meet the new paradigm of electronic trade. The Trade Services Utility is a matching and workflow application that sits on the SWIFT network. The TSU is designed to help banks offer advanced supply chain services to their corporate customers who are involved in open account trading. Nowadays, the Bank payment obligation(BPO) can optionally be included in a baseline by mutual consent. The BPO is an irrevocable and conditional obligation of an obligor bank(buyers bank) to pay a specified amount to seller's bank according to an established baseline of a single TSU transaction. Therefore, SWIFT enables its customers to automate and standardise financial transactions, thereby lowering costs, reducing operational risk and eliminating inefficiencies from their operations. Whereas, Banks can use the core functionality of the Trade Services Utility to offer competitive services that complement existing services. But SWIFT need to come up with the measures of activating the TSU BPO. So, this paper is to introduce TSU BPO and check the measures for the activation of the TSU BPO under the electronic trade environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate distribution structure system in the Italian Fashion market through the buying office and trade show. The role of trade show in Italian fashion market is facilitate interactions between the producers and buyers. Milano Unica is an example of Italian fashion trade show that successfully create the right image and attract the right audience through the differentiation policy of management strategy for the show organization. The role of buying office is to offer satisfactions for their customers through giving right informations about the product that they request to buy and confidence of quality and price.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.305-318
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of service quality and food quality on purchase intention in the electronic commerce of food products. Specifically, the relationship between purchase intention and food quality and service quality was tested based on customer satisfaction and trust, which were measured using the structural equation modeling method. Quality of service was found to affect purchase intention; however, food quality had no positive effects on purchase. Additional analyses should be conducted owing to the conflicting results of the present study. Although the amount of food bought online is increasing rapidly every year, research regarding online food purchasing is not being actively conducted. The results of the present study will help food sellers, buyers, and researchers.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-27
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• 2008

Through collaboration between buyers and suppliers, their companies try to achieve their own objectives and competitive advantages. And it is known that trust between them also would influence the effects of collaboration, which would increase their performances. In this study, above three domains of constructs : trust, collaborative behavior, performance are handled. From gathering data about a mobile networks industry and building a research model, we acquire the results of the study. Through nine hypotheses, the study show the results. The end of this paper describes managerial implications for collaborative performance and SCM strategy.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-249
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• 2004

By committing to a long-term replenishment contract, suppliers can mitigate the pressure to find new customers and afford to charge a discounted price to buyers seeking to lower their purchasing costs. In this paper, we develop an analytical model from buyer's perspective for the contracting process to investigate the buyer-supplier interactions. Based on the developed model, we propose an algorithm to derive optimal strategy for the contract. We consider a system with a single buyer and a supplier in a situation where the buyer's inventory is controlled by (R, S) policy under VMI setting. According to the contract, the supplier should replenish the buyer's inventory up to a fixed level every R times during a specified period. The buyer purchases any deficient amount from a spot market at a higher price. We show by computational experiment that our proposed algorithm finds the global optimum solution.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.43
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• pp.101-115
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• 2009

More than two years have passed since the latest UCP, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 2007 Revision, ICC Publication No.600 became valid on July 1, 2007. There has been a lot of confusions in connection with the interpretation of the new UCP since July 1, 2007. Especially the transport document articles of the new UCP are the most confusing ones. Therefore, this work intends to study some points for practical attention of transport documents in the UCP 600. Transport documents can be divided into two kinds of documents such as marine transport documents and other transport documents. But most sellers and buyers distinguish two kinds of transport documents : the document of title and the document of non-title. Most traders consider the document of title importantly and ignore the document of non-title.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.233-248
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• 1999

For the last several decades, it has been recognized that technology is a key factor in becoming an ADC and an advanced firm. So many countries and individual firms have been increasing investments on technology development. Especially LDCs including Korea choose technology transfer and transaction as an important alternative of their own technology development. To activate technology transaction and transfer, it is necessary to establish an technology transaction system, namely a Technomart that will make good connections between technology suppliers and technology buyers, and efficient functional linkages of supporting infrastructures including organizations and laws related with technology transactions. Therefore this study reviewed both the characteristics of technology transfer and transaction and a conceptual structure of a Technomart through a literature review. And then, the study analyzed the Technomart related laws including an intellectual property right, a copyright, a patent right, and electric transaction related laws. In conclusion the study proposed the development directions of the Technomart related laws.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.17 no.3_4
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• pp.557-572
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• 2004

Control systems are used to limit structural lateral deflections during large external loads such as winds and earthquakes. Most recently, the semi-active control approach has grown in popularity due to inexpensive control devices that consume little power. As a result, recently designed control systems have employed many semi-active control devices for the control of a structure. In the future, it is envisioned that structural control systems will be large-scale systems defined by high actuation and sensor densities. Decentralized control approaches have been used to control large-scale systems that are too complex for a traditional centralized approach, such as linear quadratic regulation (LQR). This paper describes the derivation of energy market-based control (EMBC), a decentralized approach that models the structural control system as a competitive marketplace. The interaction of free-market buyers and sellers result in an optimal allocation of limited control system resources such as control energy. The Kajima-Shizuoka Building and a 20-story benchmark structure are selected as illustrative examples to be used for comparison of the EMBC and centralized LQR approaches.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.16
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• pp.295-329
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• 2001

The wonderful new world of shopping - being able to order items you need by just one click. However, there is one factor that has not changed at all - customers, whether they are private individuals or public companies, want to have the product delivered to their address, and usually as fast as possible too. To achieve this, the operators of virtual shops must make use of a fully operational and efficient delivery service. The internet and its potential for creating a virtual market for millions of buyers and sellers, has generated a lot of excitement in the express delivery industry. Clearly e-commerce will cause greater growth in the business-to-residential package market. Korean express delivery industry is not an exception to this trend. Currently, while major three service providers enjoy a lion's share in Korea, a lot of small and medium companies are struggling to capture more shipments in express parcel market. Nevertheless, it will be forecasted that Korean parcel market will be consolidated and become an oligopoly market in the near future.