• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.273-276
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• 1997

Ligusticum tenuissimum belongs to Umbelliferae, and its root is generally used in headache, common cold and arthralgia L. We have extracted and isolated butylidene phthal ide, 3-butylidene-4,5-dihydrophthalide of phthalide group and l-limonene, etc. of terpenoid group from the root by ordinary method. In Ligusticum sinense, L. jeholense, L. tenuissimum, L. jeholense var. tenuisectum, and L. officinale etc., the components of cnidilide, ligustilide of phthalide group are common features and specific constituents in genus Ligusticum. Therefore comparing that there is no phthalide group in genus Angelica, we think it is able to classify the difference of genus between Ligusticum and Angelica of Umbelliferae in chemotaxonomy.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 1992

The effects of various kind and amount of nitrogen fertilizers on the plant grorth. physiological , yield and extracts. ligustilide, butylidene phthalide contents of curdsdrug "Tou-ki" (AnTelica acutiloba Kitagawa) were investigated in 1989. Five plots variouskind of nitrogen fertilizers. Namely, no nitrogen, urea. ammonium nitrate, ammoniumchloride and control plot of ammonium sulfate. The other, by providing five plotsdifferent composed ratio of nitrogenous fertilizers. containing no nitrogen (No. o) .0.5-fold nitrogen (No s), control plot of 1.0-fold nitrogen(Nl.o). 1.5-fold nitrogen(Nl s)and 2.0-fold nitrogen Na. o), but nitogen was used the ammonium sulfate. The results showedthat the crude drug "Tou-ki" can ammonium chloride be produced in good yield, displayingboth good plant growth and remarkable physiologically-active conditions, and it can beproduced such that the extracts is maximized. Additionally, using methods of gaschromatography (GC) , it was established that ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, majorcomponents in the crude drug was recovered in a good yield from the fully grown plants.The other, the plant growth, the physiologically-active, the weight of whole plant, theyield of extracts and ligustilide, butylidene phthalide were seen to be best at the plotof 2.0-fold nitrogen and according to the increase or decrease of nitrogen decreasedgradually. Therefore. about 2 fold of standard quantity seems to be the most suitablequantity of nitrogen for "Tou-ki" cultivation .uot;Tou-ki" cultivation .ion .

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2001

The medicinal constituents contained in Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea and China, were compared by confirming their qualities. From Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea and China, butyl phthalide, senkyunolide, and ligustilide etc. phthalides were identified by GC/CMS analysis. Through GC/FID analysis, the senkyunolide content of Cinidil Rhizoma cultivated in Korea was similar to that cultivated in China. The ligustilide content of Ciniail Rhizoma cultivated in Korea was more than that cultivated in China, except for one cultivated at Ankuk province. In the case of Angelicae Radix, the ligustilide content of that cultivated in Korea was more than one cultivated at Yeungil province in China. As for quality, Cinidil Rhizoma and Angelicae Radix cultivated in Korea were better than those cultivated in China since Chinese products possessed more butilidene phthalide photo-decomposed from ligustilide, caused by long storage during the circulation processes, than that of the domestic products.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 1990

Cnidium Rhizome(Chuan-Xing) used as sedatives, the treatment of anemia, woman's disease and ozena etc. has been one of the important oriental medicines. This paper deals with a comparison of butylidene phthalide and ligustilide as main components between rhizome of Conioselinum sp. and rhizome of Cnidium officinale by HPLC. The contents of butylidene phthalide in rhizome of Conioselinum sp. and rhizome of Cnidium officinale were found to be 0.083%, 0.067% and that of ligustilide to be 0.304%, 0.272% respectively.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2010

The essential oil fraction was obtained from the underground parts o of Ligusticum chuanxiong (Umbelliferae) by steam distillation, and its main components, Z-ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, were isolated by column chromatography. Its essential oil fraction and the isolated main components were examined for effects on their anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to develop a new natural anti-inflammatory drug. The results showed that the L. chuanxiong essential oil fraction and its main components, Z-ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, inhibited the production of nitric oxide significantly in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-induced interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) production was also decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, western blot analysis revealed that the L. chuanxiong essential oil fraction and also its main components, Z-ligustilide, and butylidene phthalide reduced the expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1994

Callus was derived from the shoots of Cnidium officinale. The growth rate of callus and the production of essential oils were studied under different culture conditions. The essential oils in the rhizome of Cnidium officinale and the cultivated callus were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It appeared that NAA induced higher growth rate and production of essential oils than 2,4-D. The compositions of essential oils were influenced by the illumination. Butyl phthalide, cnidilide, senkyunolide, butylidene phthalide, ligustilide, grandisol, tricosane, 3-methylphenol and 2-pentylthiophene were identified in the cultivated callus.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2010

The present study aimed to assess the antifungal properties of the essential oil fraction from Ligusticum chuanxiong (Umbelliferae) and its components against five clinically important Aspergillus species. The essential oil fraction was extracted from the underground parts of the plant by steam distillation, and its main components, namely, Z-ligustilide, butylidene phthalide, and p-cresol were isolated by column chromatography. The antifungal activities of the essential oils were evaluated by the broth dilution method. Both the total essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong and its components showed significant anti-Aspergillus activity against all five tested strains with MICs between 62.5 and 250 ${\mu}g$/ml, respectively. In a checkerboard microtiter assay, the combination of antibiotics, itraconazole with the essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong or its main components exhibited synergistic or additive, and in some cases indifferent, effects against the tested Aspergillus species, resulting in FICIs (fractional inhibiting concentration indices) ranging from 0.12 to 2, while the combination of antibiotics, amphothericin B with L. chuanxiong essential oils mostly showed antagonistic effects.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2002

The essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and their composition determined capillary GC method with standards. The essential oil content showed significant differences between the two populations on the vegetative organs. The essential oil level of the leaves and roots was considerably higher in the Korean population at full flowering and waxy ripening stage but essential oil content of the roots was significantly higher in the Hungarian taxon at leaf rosette stage. We observed the essential oil accumulation tendency was mianly dependent on plant organs and intra-specific taxon during the vegeation period. Butylidene-phthalide was proved to be the main component of the oil in both population roots (50.9-73.3%), while dimethyl-acetate was showed as a major compound on the over-ground parts (56.7-62.0%). The qualitative composition of the essential oil in the reproductive organs concerning the identified compounds was the same as the vegetative parts with the main component ${\alpha}-phellandrene$ (4.8-28.1%) and butylidene-phtalide (9.7-16.1%), The quantitative composition showed some changes during the ontogenesis phases. Most characteristic ones are the decreasing proportion of dimethyl-acetate (from 7.3% to 1.1%) and the appearance of ${\alpha}-pinene$ (from 0.5% to 1.5%) only after fruit setting in both population.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2013

The current study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil fraction from the roots of Angelica tenuissima Nakai and its main components. We extracted the essential oil fraction from the roots of A. tenuissima using steam distillation and isolated its main components. Their antibacterial activities were determined by broth dilution test against food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH-scavenging assay and reducing-power test. Also tested was their ability to inhibit the growth of two gastrointestinal cancer cell lines, Caco-2 and MKN-45. The A. tenuissima oil fraction and its main components, ligustilide and butylidene phthalide exhibited marked inhibitory effects against most of the tested antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains with minimum inhibiting concentrations (MICs) from $0.21{\pm}0.08$ to $3.60{\pm}0.89mg/ml$. They also showed growth-inhibiting activity against Caco-2 and MKN-45 cells. The oil fraction showed significant antioxidant activities in DPPH radical scavenging assay and reducing-power test. Taken together, A. tenuissima essential oil could be used as a safe additive for preventing food contamination by pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, its antioxidative activity and the ability to inhibit gastrointestinal carcinoma cell lines could increase its value for functional foods and prevention of cancer.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.398-403
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• 2011

Ligusticum chuanxiong (Umbelliferae) is a perennial herb that has been used for invigoration of blood in Korean traditional medicine. It is especially important in gynecological therapy of amenorrhea and dysmenorrhea. In this study, the essential oil of L. chuanxiong was obtained by steam distillation and its main components of L. chuanxiong, Z-ligustilide and butylidene phthalide, were isolated by silica gel column chromatography. We investigated the cytotoxic effects of the essential oil fraction of L. chuanxiong and its main components on MCF-7, HeLa and SK-Hep-1 cell lines by measuring the number of surviving cancer cells after treatment through direct cell counting and MTT analysis, and by examining the morphological changes under the microscope. The essential oil from the rhizomes of L. chuanxiong and its main components showed significant cytotoxic activities for all three tested cell lines. We also observed morphological changes of shrinking and blebbing in the membranes of the three cell lines, depending on the concentration of L. chaunxiong oil or its main components.