• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.439-452
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract and fucoidan components on anti-aging action. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats (210$\pm$5g) were fed experimental diets Dasi-Ex group: sea tangle extract powder of 4.0% added to control diet; Fuco-I, II and III groups: funcoidan powder of 1, 2 and 3% added to Dasi-Ex group for 45 days. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) formations were significantly inhibited (10-20% and 25-30%) in serum and brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in .OH formations of brain mitochondria in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but.OH formations of brain microsomes resulted in a significant decrease (15-20%) in Fuco-II and III groups compared with control group. Basal oxygen radical (BOR) formations were significantly decreased about 10% and 13-15% in brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I group, and Fuco-II, III groups, and also decreased about 10% and 15-20% in brain microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups, and Fuco-II, III groups. LPO levels of brain mitochondria and microsomes were significantly inhibited about 10% in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II groups and 15% in Fuco-III groups. Oxidized proteins (>C=O) were significantly inhibited about 10% in serum of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups and brain mitochondria of Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably inhibited (30~35%) in brain mitochondria of Fuco-I, II and III groups. Nitric oxide (NO) levels were significantly inhibited (12~15%) in serum of Fuco-I, II and III groups, but there no significant difference in serum NO levels of Dasi-Ex group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were remarkably increased (30~ 60%) in serum of Fuco-I, II and III groups, but there were no significant differences in SOD activities in serum of Dasi-Ex group. Catalase (CAT) activities were significantly increased about 20% in serum of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups. Mn-SOD activities in brain mitochondria were significantly increased about 17% in Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably increased 26~36% in Fuco-I, II, III groups. Cu,Zn-SOD activities in brain cytosol were dose-dependently of fucoidan increased 10%, 12% and 18%, respectively, compared with control group. These results suggest that anti-aging effects of fucoidan may play a pivotal role in attenuating a various age-related changes such as chronic degenerative disease and senile dementia.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.758-763
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• 1999

The protective effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract and fucoidan components on the attack of oxygen radicals in kidney were studied, Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (210 $\pm$ 5 g) were with fed experimental diets of Dasi-Ex group (sea tangle extract powder of $4.0\%$ added to control diet), Euco-I, II and III groups (fucoidan powder of 1, 2 and $3\%$, respectively, added to Dasi-Ex group) for 45 days, Hydroxyl radical formations were significantly decreased ($10\~15\%$ and $15\~30\%$) in mitochondria and microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups compared with control group. Hydrogen peroxide formations were also significantly decreased ($10\~15\%$) in microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in mitochondrial basal oxygen radical (BOR) and microsomal induced oxygen radical (IOR) formations of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but mitochondrial BOR and microsomal IOR formations were significantly decreased ($12\~15\%$ and $13\~14\%$) in Fuco-II and III groups compared with control group. BOR formations were significantly decreased ($12\~25\%$) in microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups, and IOR formations were also significantly decreased ($10\~15\%$) in mitochondria of Fuco-I, II, III groups compared with control group, Significant differences in mitochondrial Mn-SOD activities of Dasi-Ex group could not be obtained, but mitochondrial Mn-SOD activities were dose-dependently increased by $8\%,\;16\%$ and $36\%$ in Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group, Mn-SOD activities an microsome were significantly increased about $20\%$ in Dasi-Ex group, while they were remarkably increased about $40\%$ in Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group. lipid peroxide contents were significantly decreased about $15\%$ and $15\~25\%$ in mitochondria and microsomes of Fuco-II and III groups. Membrane fluidities resulted in marked increases ($20\~35\%$ and $17\~24\%$) in mitochondria and microsomes of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II and III groups. These results suggest that administrations of fucoidan added to sea tangle may play a pivotal role in attenuating attack of oxygen radicals in kidney.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.764-769
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base $4.0\%$) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of $1,0\%,\;2.0\%,\;3.0\%$ added to Dasi-Ex) drinks on the formation of oxygen radicals and scavenger enzyme activities of stressed mice. ICR male mice (20 $\pm$2 g) were fed experimental diets and these drinks instead of water for 18 days including 4 days of sociopsychological stress. Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases $20\~40\%$ in basal oxygen radical (BOR) formation, and $15\~25\%$ in induced oxygen radical (IOR) formation compared with control group. Hydroxyl radical formations were significantly inhibited about $10\%$ in Dasi-Ex group, while remarkably inhibited $30\~40\%$ in Fuco-I, II and III groups. lipid peroxide (ISO) levels in Dasi-Ex group were not significantly different from those of control group, tut Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a significant decreases about $10\%$ in LPO levels compared with control group, Dasi-Ex, Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases ($31\%,\;36\%,\;39\%$ and $42\%$, respectively) in oxidized protein levels through production of carbonyl group. Significant differences in nitric oxide (NO) levels in Dasi-Ex group were not obtained, but NO levels were slightly inhibited about $7\%$ in Fuco-I and II groups and $20\%$ in Fuco-III group compared with control group. Significant differences in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups were not obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in a significant increases $25\~40\%$ in SOD activities, and about $10\%$ in CAT activities compared with control group. These results suggest that the sociopsychological stress and aging process could be effectively inhibited by biological activity of sea tangle and fucoidan components.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.430-438
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract and fucoidan components on chronic degenerative diseases. Sprague-Dawley(SD) male rats (210$\pm$5g) were fed experimental diets: Dasi-Ex group: dasima extract powder of 4.0% added to control diet; Fuco-I, II and III groups: fucoidan powder of 1, 2 and 3% added to Dasi-Ex group for 45 days. Triglyceride (TG) levels in serum were significantly lower (10~15%) in Fuco-I, II and III groups compared with control group. Total cholesterol levels were significantly decreased (7~10% and 15~ 35%) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of Fuco-II and III group compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol levels were remarkably decreased (20~30%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups, but HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly increased (10~12%) in Fuco-II and III groups only compared with control group. The ratios of HDL/total cholesterol resulted in a marked increase (3 5~55%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups, but atherogenic indices were remakably decreased (40~50%) in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups compared with control group. Membrane fluidities were remarkably increased (45~70% and 38~42%, respectively) in brain mitochondria and microsomes of Fuco-II and III groups compared with control group. Administrations of fucoidan added to dasima effectively decreased TG, total and LDL-cholesterol, and atherogenic index, while also effectively increased HDL-cholesterol, HDL/total cholesterol ratio, and membrane fluidity, suggesting chronic degenerative diseases were very effectively prevented by the administration of fucoidan component.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle(Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base $4.0{\%}$) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of $1.0{\%}, 2.0{\%}, 3.0{\%}$ added to Dasi-EX) drinks on lipid metabolism of stressed mice. ICR male mice ($20 {\pm} 2 g$) were fed experimental diets and given free through water bottle filled with these beverages instead of water for 18 days including sociopsychological stress of 4 days. Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I, II, III groups resulted in slight decreases $3{\$}$ in body weight gain and $6{\~}12{\%}$ in feed and gross efficiencies compared with control groups. Serum protein contents were slightly increased $1{\~}5{\%}$ by administrations of these beverages compared with control group, reflecting inhibitory effect of sociopsychological stress by increase of protein levels. Significant differences in serum cholesterol contents of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in marked decreases ($13{\~}17{\%}$) in serum cholesterol contents compared with control group. LDL-cholesterol contents resulted in marked decreases ($about 20 and 25{\%}$, respectively) in Fuco-II and III groups, whereas HDL-cholesterol content was significantly increases ($about 16{\%}$) in Fuco-III group compared with control group. Fuco-I, II and III groups resulted in a marked decreases ($15{\%}, 20{\%} and 40{\%}$, respectively) in atherogenic index (AI) compared with control group. Significant differences in serum lipid peroxide (LPO) contents of Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I groups could not be obtained, but Fuco-II and III groups resulted in a significant decrease about $10{\%}$ in serum LPO contents compared with control group. These results suggested that fucoidan drinks added sea tangle could significantly inhibited chronic degenerative diseases by improvement of effective lipid metabolism or fucoidan component.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.537-547
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of sea tangle (Laminaria japonica) extract (Dasi-Ex group: dry base 4.0%) and fucoidan-added (Fuco-I, II, III group: fucoidan of 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% added to Dasi-Ex) beverages on the anti-stress action. ICR male mice (20$\pm$2g) were fed basic experimental diets and given free through water bottle filled with these beverages instead of water for 18 days including sociopsychological stress. Body weight gains were consistently lower in Dasi-Ex and Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group, expecting in a inhibitory effect of obesity. Dasi-Ex group resulted in a significant decrease of 25% in serum corticosterone (CS) secretion, while Fuco-I,IIand IIIgroups resulted in a marked decreases of 45~55% in serum CS secretion compared with control group. Noradrenaline (NA) secretions were significantly increased about 15% in Dasi-Ex group, and 20~22% in Fuco-I,II,III groups compared with control group. Significant differences in brain MHPG-SO4 levels of Dasi-Ex group could not be obtained, but Fuco-I,II,III groups resulted in a marked decreases of 20~25% in brain MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain, but Fuco-I,II and III groups resulted in a marked increases of 45~60% in NA/MHPG-SO4 ratio of brain compared with control group. These results suggest that fucoidan beverage may play a effective role in a ridding of the sociopsychological stress by pivotal anti-stress effect of fucoidan.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.301-313
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• 2006

Abundance and distribution of phytoplankton in seawater at southwestern East/Japan Sea near Gampo were investigated by HPLC analysis of photosynthetic pigments during summer of 1999. Detected photosynthetic pigments were chlorophyll a, b, $c_{1+2}$ (Chl a, Chl b, Chl $c_{1+2}$), fucoxanthin (Fuco), prasinoxanthin (Pras), zeaxanthin (Zea), 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco) and beta-carotene (B-Car). Major carotenoid was fucoxanthin (bacillariophyte) and minor carotenoids were Pras (prasinophyte), Zea (cyanophyte) and But-fuco (chrysophyte). Chl a concentrations were in the range of $0.16-8.3\;{\mu}g/land$ subsurface chlorophyll maxima were observed at 0-10m at inshore and 30-50 m at offshore. Thermocline and nutricline tilted to the offshore direction showed a mild upwelling condition. Results from size-fraction showed that contribution from nano+picoplankton at Chl a maximum layer was increased from 18% at inshore to 69% at offshore on average. The maximum contribution from nano+picoplankton was found as 87% at St. E4. It was noteworthy that contribution from nano+picoplanktonic crysophytes and green algae to total biomass of phytoplankton was significant at offshore. Satellite images of sea surface temperature indicated that an extensive area of the East/Japan Sea showed lower temperature ($<18\;^{\circ}C$) but the enhanced Chi a patch was confined to a narrow coastal region in summer, 1999. Exceptionally high flux of low saline water from the Korea/Tsushima Strait seemed to make upwelling weak in summer of 1999 in the study area. Results of comparisons among Chi a from SeaWiFS, HPLC and fluorometric analysis showed that presence of Chi b cause underestimation of Chi a about 30% by fluorometric analysis but overestimation by satellite data about 30-75% compared to HPLC data.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.4 s.75
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• pp.340-347
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• 1995

Polysaccharide FHW was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Fomitella fraxinea with hot-water treatment and then fractionated into FHW-I and FHW-II on DEAE-Cellulose chromatography. FHW-I and FCW-II were further purified into FHW-Ia and Ib, FHW-IIa and IIb on gel permeation chromatography, respectively. A small amount of uronic acid was detected and glucose, galactose, fucose, and mannose were found to be main sugars in the polysaccharides. Protein was detected in FHW-Ia, FHW-IIa, and FHW-IIb, but not in FHW-Ib. FHW-Ia was identified to be a fuco-gluco-mannogalactan with molecular weight of 19,000 and FHW-Ib was a gluco-fuco-mannogalactan of 15,000. FHW-IIa and FHW-IIb were galacto-mannoglucan and their molecular weights were estimated to be 31,000 and 9,000, respectively. Both FHW-Ib and FHW-IIb did not show an absorption band characteristic of the ${\beta}-glycosidic$ linkage in IR spectra. FHW-IIb showed a strong immuno-stimulating activity but the other three polysaccharides showed a weak activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2000

WB were screening the stele and the cortex of the ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) on the exo-0-glycosylhydrolase activities during vegetation period of 1999 year. The following p-nitrophenylglycosides were used to test exe-0-glycosylhydrolase activities: $\alpha$- and $\beta$-D-galactopyranosides,$\alpha$- and $\beta$-D-glucopyranosides, $\alpha$- and $\beta$-D-mannopyranosides, N-acetyl-$\beta$-D-glucosaminide, $\alpha$- and $\beta$-D-xylopyranosides $\alpha$- L-rhamnopyranoside, $\beta$-D-glucuronide, $\beta$-D-galacturonide, $\beta$-L-,$\alpha$-L- and $\beta$-D-fucopyranosides, $\alpha$-L-arabinopyranoside. Only $\beta$-D-galactosidase, $\alpha$-L-mannosi-dase , N- acetyl- ${\beta}$-D-slucosarninidase, $\alpha$-D-galacto sidase, $\alpha$-L-arabinosidase, and $\beta$-D-fuco sidase were found in both partsof ginseng roots. Their contents during the vegetation period were shown to differ considerably, being dependent not only on plant development stage but on plant tissue and environmental conditions too.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2008

Distribution characteristics of phytoplankton community were investigated by HPLC and flow cytometry in Jeju Strait and the Northern East China Sea (NECS) in May 2004, in order to understand the relationship between physical environmental factors and distribution pattern of phytoplankton communities. Based on temperature and salinity data, three distinct water masses were identified; warm and saline Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), which is flowing from northwest of Jeju Island, warm and low saline water at the center of Jeju Strait, which is originated from China Coastal Water (CCW) and relatively cold and high saline water originated from Yellow Sea at the bottom of the Jeju Strait. At Jeju Strait, less saline water (<33 psu) of 15 km width occupied surface layer up to 20 m which located at 20 km offshore and strong thermal front between warm and saline water and cold and less saline water was found in the middle of the Jeju Strait. Vertical transect of temperature and salinity at the NECS also showed that low saline (<33 psu) water occupied the upper 20 m layer and cold and saline water was present at the eastern part. Chl a was measured as $0.06{\sim}3.07\;{\mu}g/L$. Spring bloom of phytoplankton was recognized by the high concentrations of Chl a at the low saline water masses influenced by the CCW and subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer appeared between $20{\sim}30\;m$ depth, which was at thermocline depth or below. Abundances of Synechococcus and picoeukaryote were $0.2{\sim}9.5{\times}10^4\;cells/mL$ and $0.43{\sim}4.3{\times}10^4\;cells/mL$, respectively. Dinoflagellate, diatom and prymnesiophyte were major groups and minor groups were chlorophyte+prasinophyte, chrysophyte, cryptophyte and cyanophyte. Especially high abundance of dinoflagellate was identified by high concentration (>1\;{\mu}g/L$) of peridinin at the bottom of the thermocline, which showed an outbreak of red tide by high density of dinoflagellates. Abundances of picoeukaryote in Jeju Strait were about $5{\sim}10$ times higher than abundance measured in Kuroshio water and showed a good correlation with Chl b (Pras+Viola), which implies the most of population of picoeukaryote was composed of prasinophytes. Prochlorococcus was not detected at all, which suggests that Kuroshio Current did not directly influenced on the study area. Based on the strong negative correlations between biomass of phytoplankton (Chl a) and temperature+salinity, the primary production and biomass of phytoplankton in the study area were controlled by the nutrients supply from CCW.