• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.1039-1048
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• 2012

Objectives : The objective of this paper is to clarify the factors of the geriatric oral health influencing oral health-related quality of life by using the contracted OHIP-14 tool. Methods : This research conducted individual interview for 177 seniors using senior citizen center by using structured questionnaires. SAS(Ver.9.2) Program was used for the collected data to perform frequency analysis, reliability and scale analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results : The oral health-related quality of life level related to oral health according to the demographical characteristics showed that it was better in case that they are younger, married, more educated and have more living expenses. Except for age, oral health-related quality of life was connected to scholastic achievement, living expenses, subjective health condition and subjective oral health condition. The factors influencing the oral health condition were subjective health condition, marriage, scholastic achievement, living expenses, age and sex. As the subjective health condition is better, in case of cohabitation of only a couple and as the age or scholastic achievement is higher and the living expenses are more, the oral health condition was better. The factors influencing oral health-related quality of life were subjective oral health condition, marriage, sex, subjective health condition, scholastic achievement and living expenses. As the subjective oral health condition and health condition were better and in case of sole living and cohabitation of only a couple, male's oral health-related quality of life was higher. Conclusions : It is considered that because the geriatric oral health condition becomes an important factor to oral health-related quality of life, the development of the geriatric oral health business and the geriatric heal education program to maintain and improve oral health is required and the activation of the oral health insurance policy for preventive dental service is necessary.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-26
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• 2016

Crowdfunding is growing up SNS spread, raising funds from numerous people which are offering necessary funding of private and enterprise using the internet-based platforms. The function of crowdfunding uses innovative financing in being business and start-ups having difficulty in financing. Crowdfunding in our domestic is concentrated on culture and arts in the early adoption phase, and is numerous projects with public features. However, the investment case of crowdfundig in e-commerce trade start-ups is rarely in spite of a increased attention for crowdfunding.. The purpose of this study examined the factors to be considered when using successfully crowdfunding on e-commerce trade start-ups. This study is understanding the legal and policy of crowdfunding market status and other countries, and suggests the activation of the direction of government policy, legal system, and participation of financing suppliers and investors as activating the law and policy system related the crowdfunding on a domestic in terms of e-commerce trade start-ups investment.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-91
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper is to investigate office location dynamic in Seoul and to analyze comparatively the office activities of emerging office centers. Since mid 1980s, the expansion of office employment and spatial differentiation of the office-type jobs have changed the employment and spatial structure of Seoul. The major employment centers are CBD, Kangnam district and Youido. Among these, CBD and Kangnam have developed as the two leading centers of Seoul. Youido, the typical office-oriented center, shares CBD functions especially specializing security business. Selective decentralization of offices made qualitative differences among the centers. In spite of vigorous office decentralization, CBD has kept the principal offices of finance and insurance, travel agencies, advertising agencies, management consulting firms, major public institutions and headquarters of upper 100 companies in Korea. But the offices of producer services such as law, architects, engineering and computer consulting and real estates and headquarters of upper 5000 companies in Korea have been decentralized dominantly to Kangnam.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.154-169
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• 1996

Some of the large sized companies have taken parts in a hospital business with a view or justification to improve medical care regadless of the disadvantageous fee-for-service medical insurance reimbursement system controlled by authorities related. This gradually brought about the financial difficulties to university hospitals as well as general hospitals that were less competitive. In this circumstance the hospital administrators are called for preparing and implementing proper financial strategies by analyzing external circumstances and internal abilities of their hospitals. In this aspect, an effective cost-analysis system in the hospital has been needed for years. K-University hospital developed the practical cost-analysis system and applied it to the hospital management. The effects of cost analysis system are as belows: first, the trend of the monthly revenue per medical specialist from March to July in 1996 showed increasing pattern which is different from that in past years. second, it turned out that the department of functional laboratory in relation to medical treatment enlarged the medical revenue very sharply. third, the intensive care units were being operated at the state of deficit, while other general wards were lucrative.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2013

Few public health researchers have paid research attention to the location of medical institutions in Korea. Previous studies were published in geography journals, and relied on limited data in terms of geographic regions and the type of medical institutions. This study utilized nationwide data covering 8 types of medical institutions. We obtained data from Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and National Population and Housing Census. The correlation coefficients of resident, daytime, university-graduate population, and the population of different age groups (fewer than 15, 15~64, 65 or more) were compared to understand their relative association with the location of medical institutions. Medical clinic, dental clinic, oriental medical clinic, and pharmacy, all of which are almost completely operated by private sector, showed strong positive correlation with population. Hospital-level medical institutions, which are operated by both public and private sector, had moderate positive correlation. Daytime population and university-graduate population, rather than resident population, were more correlated with the location of medical clinics. The correlation coefficients of the population of 15~64 age group and the location of medical institutions were greater than that of other age groups. The results showed that daytime and university-graduate population are more important than resident population to explain the location of medicalrelated facilities. The results also suggests that the population of age groups (especially, 15~64) might be one of important influence factors in the location of medical institutions.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-104
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• 2009

Objectives: Although Asian immigrants have lower rates of smoking and binge drinking than other ethnics in the US, Korean Americans have the highest rate of Asian immigrants. This study, therefore, compared with the rates and examined the predictors of smoking and binge drinking by gender and ethnicity among Asian immigrants in California. Methods: In 2001 and 2003, California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) were conducted in English and their original languages with Asian immigrants residing in 58 Counties and 3 Cities, California. We performed analysis to find out the differences of smoking and binge drinking rates using the secondary data, CHIS 2001 and 2003. Multiple logistic regression analysis for survey data identified predictors of smoking and binge drinking behaviors by gender and ethnicity. Results: Korean American males (35.4%) and Japanese American females (15.4%) had higher rates of smoking prevalence compared with other Asian immigrants in California. In binge drinking, 26.5% of male and 8.1% of female among Korean Americans were binge drinker, and the rates were the top with Asian Americans who had lived in California. It showed the remarkable gap between gender of smoking and binge drinking among Vietnamese immigrants, whereas not the striking difference among Japanese Americans. In multiple regression models, age, educational level, occupation, marital status, English proficiency, and health insurance coverage remained significant for smoking and binge drinking behaviors(P<0.05). Even though the time in the US was not significant, it seemed to be related to educational level and English proficiency. In particular among female, smoking and binge drinking behaviors were associated with acculturation. Conclusion: Although Asian Americans had shared with American culture since they had immigrated in the US, they had significantly different prevalence rates of smoking and binge drinking based on gender and ethnicity. Therefore, future efforts should be focused on understanding differences by ethnicity and target at high-risk subgroups. To achieve this, it needs to develop the educational materials in Korean and their original languages.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.282-290
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• 2012

Today, home health care services needs a linkage plan of the customized home visiting health service in public health center, the medical institute home health care service, and home visiting nursing service based on long term care insurance for the elderly program which acknowledges the independence and professionalism of the home health care services while minimizing overlap through linking the projects. So, this study was performed by applying the Delphi technique, which draws agreement from professional opinion, to determine a method to link home health care services in Korea. The results of this study are as follows. Specialists agreed on 24 important items within the two domains of institutional linkage and medical linkage. And the significance of this study is as follows. The 24 items deduced for the approved nursing service linkage plan are expected to improve the home health care service business system, enhance the quality of home health care service, and bring increased satisfaction for service recipients. Also, seeking ways to minimize overlap in service can increase the effectiveness of health care and public health management at a national level. In addition, it is considered that this will ultimately reduce public medical costs as well as improve home health care service.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-100
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• 1995

Internal Control(IC) comprises the plan of organization and all of the coordinating methods and measures adopted in a business to safeguard its assets, check the accuracy and reliability of its accounting data, promote operational efficiency and encourage adherence to the prescribed managerial policies. If an organization's IC is not adequate, Accounting Information System (AIS) will be vulnerable to accomplish the organizations successes. Therefore, an effective and efficient IC is essential to its successes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of EDP IC on the perceived usefulness of AIS. Do the general controls indirectively affect to the usefulness of AIS through th application controls? To solve these problems, a research model and a set of hypotheses were established and empirically tested. 60 financial institutions (banks, insurance companies, security companies) agreed to participate in the study. Data were gathered through structured interviews with 60 information systems managers and 537 users of accounting information of each company. Survey forms were designed and collected from financial institutions in Seoul. Information systems' managers of financial institutions responded to questionnaire(1) which consists of a series of 70 questions related to practice and perceived importance. Questionnaire (2) was received from 537 users, who responded to series of 17 questions related to the perceived usefulness. The results of analysis are summarized below. Effects of general controls are more direct on AIS's usefulness than those of application controls. Whereas, indirect effects of application controls are geater than those of general controls. Therefore, the greater the effects of application controls on general controls, the higher the perceived usefulness of AIS. In conclusion, this study supports that the perceived usefulness of AIS is affected by IC which are composed of general controls and application controls. The results of this study has significant implication to financial institution as computer fraud potential increases. Because of global competitions, financial institutions should restructure to IC and AIS in order to take advantage of the technological progress in Information System.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2017

Objectives: As in many low-income and middle-income countries, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by patients or their families are a key healthcare financing mechanism in Bangladesh that leads to economic burdens for households. The objective of this study was to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of the population had an impact on OOP expenditures in Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 12 400 patients who had paid to receive any type of healthcare services within the previous 30 days were analyzed from the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, 2010. We employed regression analysis for identify factors influencing OOP health expenditures using the ordinary least square method. Results: The mean total OOP healthcare expenditures was US dollar (USD) 27.66; while, the cost of medicines (USD 16.98) was the highest cost driver (61% of total OOP healthcare expenditure). In addition, this study identified age, sex, marital status, place of residence, and family wealth as significant factors associated with higher OOP healthcare expenditures. In contrary, unemployment and not receiving financial social benefits were inversely associated with OOP expenditures. Conclusions: The findings of this study can help decision-makers by clarifying the determinants of OOP, discussing the mechanisms driving these determinants, and there by underscoring the need to develop policy options for building stronger financial protection mechanisms. The government should consider devoting more resources to providing free or subsidized care. In parallel with government action, the development of other prudential and sustainable risk-pooling mechanisms may help attract enthusiastic subscribers to community-based health insurance schemes.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2014

In the marine industry although there has been significant growth towards safety, security and risk assessments or risk-based strategies such as marine insurance and regulations to avoid the risks of damage to properties and the environment or the prospect of premature death caused by accidents etc, the moves toward managing the risks which are linked directly to the business functions and decision making processes have been very slow. Furthermore in the marine industry most perceptions, methodologies and frameworks of dealing with hazards, risks, safety and security issues are for their assessment rather than their management. This trend reveals the fact that in different marine industry sectors such as logistics and shipping there is a lack of coherent risk management framework or methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for the purpose of design, construction, operation, management and even decommissioning of the marine related applications. On the other hand risk management is not yet viewed holistically in the marine industry in order to, for example, assign a right person, i.e. risk manager, who can act as a coordinator and advisor with responsibilities that are only specific to risk management. As a result this paper, by examining the present physical borders and risk-based activities in the marine industry, aims to propose an appropriate risk management methodology in addition to the emergent role of risk managers which will enable the industry users initially to become familiar with the concept of risk management at its holistic level. In the later stages this eventually can lead to development of risk management capabilities at an exclusive level and its integration into the marine industry functions in future.