• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2008

In a gas insulated substation (GIS), Very Fast Transient Over-voltages (VFTOs) are generated due to switching operations and ground faults. These fast transients are associated with high frequency components of the order of a few hundreds of MHz. These transients may cause internal faults i.e., layer-to-layer faults or minor faults in a capacitively graded bushing, which is one of the important pieces of terminal equipment for GIS. In the present study, the PSPICE model has been developed to calculate the voltage distribution across the layers of 420kV graded bushing for high frequency pulses of rise time 1 to 50ns, which simulate the VFTO. For this simulation, an equivalent electrical network of bushing with different equivalent layers has been considered. The effect of different equivalent layers modeling circuits on the non-uniform voltage factor has been analysed. The influence of copper strip inductance on voltage distribution across layers has also been analysed for various rise times of high frequency transients. Finally, the leakage current of the bushing is calculated for evaluating the bushing condition under these transients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.380-381
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• 2009

This paper describes effect of the bending strain of FRP tube for composite bushing with winding tension. The composite bushing can be formed, by adding silicone rubber sheds to a tube of composite materials. The FRP tube is internal insulating part of a composite bushing and is designed to ensure the mechanical characteristics. Generally the properties of FRP tube can be influenced by the winding angle, wall thickness and winding tension. As winding tension is increased glass contents was increased in the range of 70.4~76.6%. In the bending test, winding tension is increased residual displacement was decreased in the range of 14.0~12.2 mm.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 2001

In this paper, a massless link model transmitting external forces is developed to achieve the numerical efficiency in simulation of vehicle suspension systems. Forces acting on links are resolved and transmitted to attached points with a quasi-static assumption. Also, a theoretical derivation and computer implementation of a massless link with bushing elements are proposed. In the massless link with bushing elements, one end is connected to the adjacent body with bushings and the other end is connected with a spherical joint. The deformation of a massless link with bushing elements is theoretically determined by minimizing the potential energy function with quasi-static equilibrium assumption at each time step. Several simulations with a full vehicle model are carried out to compare the efficiency of the developed massless link component. From the results, it is concluded that the proposed approach can reduce the computational time considerably.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.20-23
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• 2013

In the development of high temperature superconducting (HTS) power machines, HTS bushing is one of core technologies. In particular, the insulation body with sheds and electrical insulation at cryogenic temperature have attracted a great deal of interest from the view point of the size, weight and efficiency of bushing. In this study, the electrical and mechanical characteristics of various insulators for body in liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) were investigated. And the surface discharge distance, collar length of GFRP sheds were studied. To emit bubbles between sheds, the shape and arrangement of shed were studied. The shed structure for 60 kV class HTS bushing were designed with regular arrangement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.772-775
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• 2003

A bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is a hollow cylinder, which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the force applied to the shaft and the relative deformation of a bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A force-displacement relation for bushings is important for multibody dynamics numerical simulations. For the nonlinear viscoelastic axial response, Pipkin-Rogers model, the direct relation of force and displacement, has been derived from Lianis model and the sinusoidal input was used for Pipkin-Rogers model, and the affection of displacement with frequency change was studied with Pipkin-Rogers model.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2007

This paper presents the friction induced scuffing and wear defects analysis of a pin bushing bearing based on the chemical composition using a scanning microscopy (SEM) and an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). The SEM/EDX system, which may provide good information on the surface thermal defects and chemical compositions, provides impurities such as an aluminum, a silicon, a ferrous component and an oxygen, especially. The EDX measured results show that the oxygen may reduce the strength and a hardness of a pin busing, which may lead to a scuffing and a seizure on the rubbing contact surface. The current technology fabricated by a sintering for a pin bushing bearing should be modified or changed to reduce the oxygen composition and the impurities in pin bushing materials.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.797-802
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• 1997

The use of carbon materials in mechanical components such as bearings, seals, and bushings that do not require lubricants is increasing rapidly. This paper reports on establishing the optimal condition for resin-bonded carbon materials. We fixed the content ratio of materials, which include graphite powder and diatomite as a lubricant modifier and a friction modifier, respectably, with resin used as a bonding material. We then produced bushings using hot-pressing within the temperature range of resin curing. The properties of bushing, the friction coefficient, wear rate and the mechanical strengths are discussed in relation to the content of respective materials, with correlation of friction coefficient and sliding distance. Finally, we examined the friction coefficient changes according to the applied load on bushing and the friction coefficient changes according to contact speed of bushing.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.474-478
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• 2004

A bushing is a device used in automotive suspension systems to reduce the load transmitted from the wheel to the frame of the vehicle. A bushing is a hollow cylinder, which is bonded to a solid steel shaft at its inner surface and a steel sleeve at its outer surface. The relation between the force applied to the shaft and the relative deformation of a bushing is nonlinear and exhibits features of viscoelasticity. A force-displacement relation for bushings is important for multibody dynamics numerical simulations. For the nonlinear viscoelastic axial response, Pipkin-Rogers model, the direct relation of force and displacement, has been derived from Lianis model and the sinusoidal input was used for Pipkin-Rogers model, and the affection of displacement with frequency change was studied with Pipkin-Rogers model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Reliability Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.362-370
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• 2006

차량의 충격과 진동을 완화하고 링크의 조정역할을 하는 Rubber Bushing제품의 내구성이 약하게 되면 Control arm에서의 이탈사고나 차량의 떨림, 소음으로 인한 고객 불만이 발생하게 된다. 따라서, 국내외 시장에서의 경쟁력 향상을 위해 Rubber Bushing에 대한 내구성, 정특성, 동특성의 개선을 위한 기술의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 Rubber Bushing을 개발하는데 있어서 종전의 재료설계, 형상설계 및 공정설계에 대한 분석을 행하고, 실험계획법(DOE)을 활용하여 가장 적은 샘플의 시험으로 최적의 설계요소를 찾아내는 방법을 연구하는데 있다. Bushing의 품질특성이 재료, 형상 및 공정에서 어떠한 조건을 가질 때 특성치가 가장 높은 바람직한 반응을 얻을 수 있는 가를 연구하여 최적반응 조건을 결정하고자 한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 2003

In this paper, a blackbox approach is carried out to model the nonlinear dynamic bushing model. One-axis durability test is performed to describe the mechanical behavior of typical vehicle elastomeric components. The results of the tests are used to develop an empirical bushing model with an artificial neural network. The back propagation algorithm is used to obtain the weighting factor of the neural network. Since the output for a dynamic system depends on the histories of inputs and outputs, Narendra algorithm of 'NARMAX' form is employed to consider these effects. A numerical example is carried out to verify the developed bushing model.