• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2022

In this study, the dynamic behavior of functionally graded layered deep beams with viscoelastic core is investigated including the porosity effect. The material properties of functionally graded layers are assumed to vary continuously through thickness direction according to the power-law function. To investigate porosity effect in functionally graded layers, three different distribution models are considered. The viscoelastically cored deep beam is exposed to harmonic sinusoidal load. The composite beam is modeled based on plane stress assumption. The dynamic equations of motion of the composite beam are derived based on the Hamilton principle. Within the framework of the finite element method (FEM), 2D twelve -node plane element is exploited to discretize the space domain. The discretized finite element model is solved using the Newmark average acceleration technique. The validity of the developed procedure is demonstrated by comparing the obtained results and good agreement is detected. Parametric studies are conducted to demonstrate the applicability of the developed methodology to study and analyze the dynamic response of viscoelastically cored porous functionally graded deep beams. Effects of viscoelastic parameter, porosity parameter, graduation index on the dynamic behavior of porous functionally graded deep beams with viscoelastic core are investigated and discussed. Material damping and porosity have a significant effect on the forced vibration response under harmonic excitation force. Increasing the material viscosity parameters results in decreasing the vibrational amplitudes and increasing the vibration time period due to increasing damping effect. Obtained results are supportive for the design and manufacturing of such type of composite beam structures.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1059-1066
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• 2023

Objective: Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of Acacia nilotica bark extract as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers. Methods: Six hundred, day-old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups (NC, without any supplementation; AB, NC+Zinc Bacitracin; PB, NC+Safmannan; ANBE1, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.1%; ANBE3, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.3%; ANBE5, NC+A. nilotica bark extract 0.5%), with ten replicates per group (10 chicks/replicate) and feeding trial was lasted for 35 days. Results: Results showed that weight gain (1,296.63 g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR, 1.59) of AB was better than NC, during the finisher phase. Overall FCR of AB (1.53), PB (1.54), and ANBE5 (1.54) was significantly (p<0.05) better than NC. From carcass parameters relative weight of wing and heart were highest in ANBE3 (2.5% and 1.51%, respectively). Significantly (p<0.05) highest blood glucose level was observed in NC (264.5 mg/dL) and highest albumin concentration was found in AB (1.46 mg/dL). In addition, antibody titer levels against ND and IBD were higher in ANBE5 than NC, while higher relative weight of bursa was observed in ANBE3 than NC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in all experimental groups was better than NC. Conclusion: Acacia nilotica bark extract could be a suitable alternative to antibiotic growth promoters to support the growth in broilers.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2017

Objective: To find that the patients who conducted home self-exercise in conjunction with intra-articular corticosteroid injection will have better improvement in subacromial subdeltoid (SASD) bursitis symptoms than those who received only an injection. Method: A prospective, nonrandomized, comparison study was conducted in outpatient rehabilitation clinic in a tertiary university hospital. Patients diagnosed with SASD bursitis with physical examination and ultrasound evaluation were included and received ultrasound guided injection (UGI). Patients were divided into two groups according to the compliance of self-exercise: UGI-exercise group and UGI only group. Visual analog scale (VAS) was checked before, at 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after the UGI. A patient's global impression of change (PGIC) survey was made at 3 months after the UGI. Results: A total of 82 patients with SASD bursitis were included. At 3 weeks after the injection, the mean VAS for the UGI-exercise group was 2.6 ± 1.7 and for UGI only group was 1.9 ± 1.3 (p=0.030). At 3 months after the injection, the mean VAS for the UGI-exercise group was 4.0 ± 1.3 and for UGI only group was 5.4 ± 1.4 (p<0.001). Conclusion: We concluded that home-based self-exercise of the shoulder provides an additional benefit for pain alleviation possibly with prolonging the effect of injection in SASD bursitis.

• Clinical Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.82-87
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• 2019

Objective: To evaluate which Korean pain descriptors are frequently used in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases and compare the frequency of Korean pain descriptor according to age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis. Method: Two hundreds sixty nine patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases were enrolled in this study. The patients were asked to fill out a pain questionnaire using Korean. The Korean pain descriptors were collected and classified according to neurophysiological mechanism. The frequency of Korean pain descriptor was analyzed by age, gender, pain pattern and intensity, and clinical diagnosis. They were divided into axial spine and peripheral joint pain group depending on the location of causal disease and shoulder pain descriptors were divided into intra-articular and bursa group. Results: Among 24 Korean pain descriptors, 'arida' was the most common pain descriptor, followed by 'ssusida' and 'jjireunda'. When the pain descriptors were classified according to neurophysiological mechanism, superficial somatic pain was the most common, followed by deep somatic pain. There was a significant difference in the frequency of the pain descriptor between axial spine and peripheral joint pain group (p=0.007). The pain descriptor 'danggida' was used significantly more in the patients with axial spine pain than peripheral joint pain (p=0.024). However, there was no significant difference in other factors. Conclusion: The patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases expressed their pain using various Korean pain descriptors with stabbing nature and superficial somatic pain. Our results may be helpful to assess and develop a new Korean pain quality measure in the patients with neuromusculoskeletal diseases.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2024

PURPOSE. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the fracture resistance, surface hardness, and color stain of 3D printed, CAD-CAM milled, and conventional interim materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 80 specimens were fabricated from auto polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), bis-acryl composite resin, CAD-CAM polymethyl methacrylate resin (milled), and 3D printed composite resin (printed) (n = 20). Forty of them were crown-shaped, on which fracture strength test was performed (n = 10). The others were disc-shaped specimens (10 mm × 2 mm) and divided into two groups for surface hardness and color stainability tests before and after thermal cycling in coffee solution (n = 10). Color parameters were measured with a spectrophotometer before and after each storage period, and color differences (CIEDE2000 [DE00]) were calculated. The distribution of variables was measured with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey HSD, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U tests were used in the analysis of quantitative independent data. Paired sample t-test was used in the analysis of dependent quantitative data (P < .05). RESULTS. The highest crown fracture resistance values were determined for the 3D printed composite resin (P < .05), and the lowest were observed in the bis-acryl composite resin (P < .05). Before and after thermal cycling, increase in mean hardness values were observed only in 3D printed composite resin (P < .05) and the highest ΔE₀₀ value were observed in PMMA resin for all materials (P < .05). CONCLUSION. 3D printing and CAD-CAM milled interim materials showed better fracture strength. After the coffee thermal cycle, the highest surface hardness value was again found in 3D printing and CAD-CAM milled interim samples and the color change of the bis-acryl resin-based samples and the additive production technique was higher than the PMMA resin and CAD-CAM milled resin samples.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제82권1호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2021

건활막거대세포종은 이전에 색소성융모결절성 활막염으로 불리던 질환으로, 활막, 점액낭, 힘줄 등에 생기는 드문 양성 종양이다. 미만형의 건활막거대세포종은 국소형에 비해 드물고 그중에서도 관절 외에 발생하는 것은 더 드물다. 또한 대부분은 하나의 관절을 침범하기 때문에 양측을 대칭적으로 침범한 것도 매우 드물다. 이에 저자들은 64세 여자 환자에서 양측 손목의 신전건과 굴곡건을 모두 침범한 관절 외 미만형의 건활막거대세포종의 증례에 대해 초음파와 자기공명영상검사 소견을 중심으로 보고하고자 한다.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.24-31
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• 2023

Purpose: A response to conservative treatment is usually obtained in cases of ischiogluteal bursitis. However, the time required to achieve relief of symptoms can vary from days to weeks, and there is a high recurrence rate, thus invasive treatment in addition to conservative treatment can occasionally be effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine surgical excision in cases of refractory ischiogluteal bursitis and to evaluate patients' progression and outcome. Materials and Methods: A review of 21 patients who underwent surgical excision for treatment of ischiogluteal bursitis between February 2009 and July 2020 was conducted. Of these patients, seven patients were male, and 14 patients were female. Injection of steroid and local anesthetic into the ischial bursa was administered at outpatient clinics in all patients, who and they were refractory to conservative treatment, including aspiration and prescription drugs. Therefore, surgery was considered necessary. Excisions were performed by two orthopedic specialists using a direct vertical incision on the ischial area. A review of each patient was performed after excision, and quantification of the outcomes recorded using clinical scoring systems was performed. Results: The results of radiologic evaluation showed that the mean lesion size was 6.2 cm×4.5 cm×3.6 cm. The average disease course after excision was 21.6 days (range, 15-48 days). Measurement of clinical scores, including the visual analog scale and Harris hip scores, was performed during periodic visits, with scores of 0.7 (range, 0-2) and 98.1 (range, 96-100) at one postoperative month, respectively. Conclusion: Surgical excision, with an expectation of favorable results, could be considered for treatment of ischiogluteal bursitis that is refractory to therapeutic injections, aspirations, and medical prescriptions, particularly in moderate-to-severe cases.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2013

본 연구는 bacteriophage의 급여가 육계의 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 혈액 특성, 장기 무게 및 분내 미생물 조성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 시험을 실시하였다. 사양 시험은 1일령 ROSS 308 (♂, ♀) 340수 공시하였고, 시험 개시 체중은 $41.71{\pm}0.16$ g으로 31일 간 실시하였다. 시험 설계는 1) CON, basal diet, 2) SE05, CON+bacteriophage SE 0.05%, 3) SE10, CON+bacteriophage SE 0.10% 및 4) SE15, CON+bacteriophage SE 0.15%로 4개 처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 17수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 1~14일령의 생산성에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 그러나 15~31일령에 있어서는 증체량에서 SE15 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 높게 나타났고, 전체 시험 기간 동안의 증체량에 있어서도 SE10 및 SE15 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 영양소 소화율에서는 처리구 간 차이를 나타내지 않았고, 혈액 특성에 있어서도 처리구 간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 도체 특성 중 가슴육의 보수력 있어서는 SE15 처리구가 CON 처리구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났고, 장기 무게 중 F낭의 무게가 bacteriophage를 급여한 처리구에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 분내 미생물 조성에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로, 본 시험의 결과 육계에 사료 내 bacteriophage를 첨가 시 증체량을 향상시키고, F낭의 무게를 증가시킨다. 또한 0.15% 급여시 가슴육의 보수력이 증가하는 효과를 나타내었다. 이와같은 결과는 bacteriophage의 첨가를 통하여 생산성과 면역력을 향상시켜주고 육내 보수력을 개선하여 보다 고품질의 계육을 생산할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 1997

1996년(年) 6월(月) 상순(上旬)에 우리나라의 사과 주산지(主産地)에서 14시군(市那) 25읍면(邑面)의 27조사구(調査區)를 선정(選定)하여 잡초발생(雜草發生) 상황(狀況)을 조사(調査)하여 얻은 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 우리나라 사과원에서 발생(發生)되는 잡초(雜草)의 초종(草種)은 총(總) 23과(科) 69종(種)으로서 국화과 13종(種), 십자화과 10종(種), 마디풀과 9종(種), 화본과 6종(種) 등(等) 순(順)이었다. 2 잡초(雜草)의 생활사별(生活史別) 발생(發生) 초종수(草種數)는 1년생(年生) 44종(種)(64%), 다년생(多年生) 25종(種)(36%)으로 1년생(年生)이 우점(優占) 하였고, 형태별(形願別)로는 광엽잡초(廣葉雜草) 1년생(年生)이 39종(種), 다년생(多年生) 21종(種)으로 총(總) 60종(種)이 발생(發生)하여 87%를 차지하였으며, 그 다음은 화본과 10%, 방동산이류 3% 순(順)으로 발생(發生)하였다. 3. 잡초(雜草)의 번식방법별(繁殖方法法別)는 종자(種子) 번식(繁殖)이 53종(種)(76%)으로 가장 많았고, 지하경(地下莖) 번식(繁殖) 7종(種)(10%), 종자(種子) 지하경(地下莖)과 종자(種子) 포복경(葡匐莖) 번식(繁殖)이 각각 3種(4%), 포자 지하경(地下莖)과 종자(種子) 괴경, 인경 주아로 번식(繁殖)하는 것이 각각(各各) 1종(種) 이었다. 4. 잡초(雜草)의 발생빈도(發生頻度)를 보면 명아주가 82%로 가장 높았고, 냉이 바랭이가 각각 74%, 속속이풀 67%, 둑새풀 망초 63%, 쇠비름 쇠별꽃 59%, 벼룩이자리 37%, 꽃마리 좀명아주 깨풀 씀바뀌 33% 등(等)의 순(順)으로 높아 이들 초종이 과수원(果樹園)에 널리 분포(分布) 발생(發生)하였다. 5. 지역별 주요 우점(優占) 초종은 경북중북부권(慶北中北部圈)에서 31종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 냉이 명아주 개갓냉이 속속이풀 망초 등의 순(順)으로 우점(優占)하였고, 충북권(忠北圈)은 35종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 망초 여뀌 둑새풀 벼룩이자리 꽃마리 등의 순(順)으로 우점(優占)하였다. 충남권(忠南圈)은 27종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 개갓냉이 개밀 냉이 쇠별꽃 왕포아풀 등의 순으로 각각 우점(優占)발생 하였으며, 전북권(全北圈)은 30종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 둑새풀 망초 속속이풀 꽃마리 명아주 등의 순으로 우점(優占)하였다. 대구권(大邱圈)은 28종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 속속이풀 바랭이 좀명아주 쇠비름 명아주 등의 순으로 우점(優占)하였으며, 경남권(慶南圈)은 26종(種)의 잡초(雜草)가 발생(發生)하여 명아주 속속이풀 개여뀌 바랭이 냉이 등의 순으로 우점(優占)하였다. 지역(地域)에 따라 차이(差異)가 있으나, 대체로 명아주 속속이풀 망초 냉이 개갓냉이 둑새풀 바랭이 개밀 꽃마리 등의 순(順)으로 우점(優占) 발생(發生)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 6. 주요(主要) 우점(優占) 초종(草種)의 발생(發生) 개체수(個體數)는, 둑새풀이 (우점도(優占度)15.1 %)로 가장 많았으며, 냉이(7.9%), 바랭이(7.8%), 여뀌(7.4%), 꽃마리(6.2%), 왕포아풀(5.1%) 등의 순(順)이 었고 이들중 1년생(年生) 잡초(雜草)의 우점도(優占度)가 61.6%로 다년생(多年生)보다 우점(優占) 하였으며, 과별(科別)로는 화본과 잡초(雜草)가 28.0%로 가장 높았다. 건물중(乾物重)은 명아주가(우점도(優占度)10.5%)로 가장 많았고 망초(8.4%), 둑새풀(8.2%), 속속이풀(6.7%), 개갓냉이(6.3%), 냉이(6.2%), 쇠별꽃(5.1%) 등의 순으로 우점하였다. 이중 1년생(年生) 잡초(雜草)의 우점도(優占度)가 47.2% 다년생(多年生)보다 높았고, 형태적으로는 십자화과 잡초(雜草)가 19.2%로 가장 높았다. 7. 총(總) 27조사구간(調査區間)의 평균(平均) 비유사성계수(非類似性係數)가 78.5%로 높은 것으로 보아 우리나라 사과원에서 발생되는 잡초(雜草)의 초종(草種)은 지역(地域)에 따라 매우 상이함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2008

가시오갈피와 두충은 강력한 항산화 작용을 가진 약용 식물로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 상업용 브로일러를 대상으로 가시오갈피 잎과 두충 잎의 첨가 급여(0.5% 및 1%)가 개체의 생산 능력, 장기 무게, 혈장 생화학적 성분 및 텔로미어 함량에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 시험 전체 기간($4{\sim}35$일) 동안 체중, 증체량 및 사료 섭취량에서는 처리구 간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사료 요구율에 있어서는 가시오갈피 첨가 급여구가 대조구 및 두충 첨가구에 비해 다소 저조한 결과를 나타내었다. 장기 무게에 있어서 간, 비장 및 흉선의 무게는 처리구 간 차이가 없었으나, F낭(bursa of Fabricius)의 무게는 가시오갈피 및 두충 첨가 급여가 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈액 생화적 성분 분석에서는 혈장 내 albumin, AST, ALT 및 total protein은 대조구와 처리구 간에 거의 비슷한 수치를 나타내었으나 triglycerides, cholesterol 및 gluocose 수준은 생리활성 물질 첨가 급여구가 대조구에 비해 높게 나타났다. 가시오갈피 및 두충 급여에 따른 각 조직 별 텔로미어 함량 분석에 있어 백혈구 내 텔로미어 함유율은 모든 첨가 급여구가 대조구에 비해 현저히 높은 함량을 보이나 간, 심장, 정소 조직 간에는 처리구별 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로부터 브로일러에 가시오갈피와 두충의 첨가 급여는 생산의 능력 저하 없이 개체의 면역 활성을 증진시키고, 텔로미어 길이의 감축을 상대적으로 완화시키는 것으로 판단된다.