• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to study the protective role of polyherbal feed supplement (Growell) during induced mycotoxicosis in broilers. A total of 240 Vencobb broilers were divided at day old stage into eight equal groups. Group A served as control and was given plain feed, group B, D, F and H were given Growell at 0.35 g/kg of feed. Group C, D, G and H were given dietary aflatoxin $B_1$ at 0.2 ppm and groups E, F, G and H were given ochratoxin A at 0.2 ppm in feed to study effect of Growell on individual aflatoxicosis, ochratoxicosis and combined mycotoxicosis of broilers. The chicks were given their respective feeds from 1st day to 6th week of age and were vaccinated at 7th and 28th day of age with Lasota strain of Newcastle disease virus. There was no statistically significant effect of mycotoxins individually or in combination on body weight of broilers. However, body weights were highest in group B and lowest in co-mycotoxicated group G. Feed conversion ratio was best in group B followed by A, D, F, E, H and G. Significant improvement in haemoglobin values was observed in broilers due to feeding of Growell in ochratoxin and co-mycotoxicated groups. There was no significant effect of mycotoxin treatment on PCV, TEC and TLC of broilers. Due to single and combined mycotoxicosis, there was reduction in serum total protein, albumin, cholesterol and triglyceride and rise in alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and uric acid levels. Supplementation of diets with Growell reduced the alterations induced due to mycotoxins. There was a significant rise in per cent organ weight of liver and reduction of that of spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers fed mycotoxins. Protection from alteration in per cent organ weight of these organ by supplementation of Growell was recorded. The observed impaired immune response and histopathological changes in liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and thymus of broilers given mycotoxins were protected by supplementation of Growell.

• 대한정형외과 초음파학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.38-46
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• 2010

고관절에 위치한 골, 관절 및 주위 연부 조직의 병변은 고관절의 통증을 유발할 수 있다. 이를 진단하기 위해 기초적인 이학적 검사와 단순 방사선 검사를 시행하고, 경우에 따라 CT, MRI 등을 이용하였다. 그러나 건과 점액낭 등의 연부조직 병변 대해서는 초음파 검사가 비침습적이고 역동적인 검사가 가능하고, 고관절에 대한 수술 후 추시 검사 수단으로도 사용할 수 있다. 그러나 성인의 고관절은 심부에 위치하여 그 검사가 힘들고 비만인 환자에게는 적용하기 힘든 경우도 있다. 이에 고관절 주위의 구조물들의 정상적 초음파 소견과 고관절 질환의 병적 소견을 알아보고 또한 기타 활용 방안에 대해 설명하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.814-821
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• 1996

냉이의 건조방법에 따른 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하기 위해 SDE방법으로 정유성분을 추출한 다음 GC및 GC-MS를 이용하여 성분을 확인하였다. 음건시킨 시료에서는 탄화수소류 2종, 안데히드류 5종, 케톤류 3종, 알코올류 10종, 에스테르류 2종, 유기산류 1종 및 기타 7종이 확인되었고, steaming 후 음건시킨 시료에서는 탄화수소류 3종, 알데히트류 1종 케톤류 4종, 알코올류 3종, 에스테르류 2종 및 기타 5종, microwave로 건조시킨 시료에서는 탄산수소류 5종, 알데히드류 5종, 케톤류 3종, 알코올류 6종, 에스테르류 2종 및 기타 8종, 동결건조시킨 시료에서는 탄화수소류 7종, 알데히드류 3종, 케톤류 6종, 알코올류 5종, 에스테르류 2종 및 기타 2종이 확인되었다. 일반적으로 음건시킨 냉이와 microwave로 건조시킨 냉이에서는 확인된 휘발성 향기성분 중 알코올류가 차지하는 비율이 가장 높았고, microwave 건조 및 동결건조 방법보다는 steaming후 음건시킬 때 함유황화합물의 함량이 높게 나타났다.

• 한국공간정보시스템학회 논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 2000

개방형 GIS 협회(Open GIS Consortium 또는 OGC)에서는 상호연동성과 재사용성을 지닌 시스템 객체기술인 OLE/COM을 위한 단순개체 사양을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 OGC의 기준에 따라 ATL(Active Template Library)을 이용한 공간 기준 좌표계 컴포넌트를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 공간 기준 좌표계 컴포넌트는 44개 종류의 지구 투영법과 서로 다른 공간 좌표계 간의 변환기능을 제공한다. 공간 좌표계 변환방법은 7 매개변수 변환법(Bursa-Wolf) 좌표변환과 몰로덴스키(Molodensky) 좌표변환을 모두 포함한다. 또한 사용자는 공간 좌표계 설정에 필요한 모든 구성 요소와 그 속성값을 설정함으로써 사용자가 원하는 공간 좌표계를 설정할 수 있다. 그리고 미리 정의된 텍스트(WellKnownText)를 이용한 공간 기준 좌표계의 객체 생성 및 저장이 가능하다. 연구에서 구현한 공간 기준 좌표계 컴포넌트는 다양한 GIS 응용프로그램에서 재사용됨으로써 시스템 개발시간을 단축시키고 사용자가 원하는 공간 좌표계를 쉽게 정의할 수 있게 한다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2020

Birnessite-type manganese dioxide (δ-MnO₂) with hierarchical micro-/mesoporosity was synthesized via sacrificial graphene template approach under mild hydrothermal conditions for the first time. Graphene template was obtained by a surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB) assisted liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) in water. A thin PEDOT:PSS (poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate)) layer was applied to improve electrical conductivity and rate capability of MnO₂. The MnO₂ (535 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 45 F g^-1 at 10 A g^-1) and MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite (550 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1 and 141 F g^-1 at 10 A g^-1) delivered electrochemical performances superior to their previously reported counterparts. An asymmetric supercapacitor, composed of MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS (positive) and Fe₃O₄/Carbon (negative) electrodes, provided a maximum specific energy of 18 Wh kg^-1 and a maximum specific power of 4.5 kW kg^-1 (ΔV= 2 V, 1M Na₂SO₄) with 85% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles. The graphene-templated MnO₂/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposite obtained by a simple and green approach promises for future energy storage applications with its remarkable capacitance, rate performance and cycling stability

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

The nutritive values of leaves of Citrus grandis, Citrus aurantium, Citrus oranges, Citrus limon, and Citrus deliciosa were evaluated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production techniques. There were significant (p<0.001) differences among citrus species in terms of chemical composition. Crude protein (CP) contents ranged from 123.0 to 148.3 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were varied with species in the range 219.4-355.4 and 215.0-278.8 g/kg DM respectively. Condensed tannin (CT) contents were ranged from 5.9 to 10.2 g/kg DM. The PEG addition significantly (p<0.001) increased the gas production and some estimated parameters of citrus tree leaves. However, species showed variable responses to polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. There were also significant (p<0.001) differences among species in terms of gas production and estimated parameters. The OMD and ME contents of citrus leaves without PEG supplementation were ranged from 66.5 to 73.3% and 9.8 to 10.9 MJ/kg DM respectively. The improvement in gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) with PEG emphasized the negative effect of tannins on digestibility. The increase (%) in the estimated OMD and ME contents ranged from 5.5 to 9.8% and 5.7 to 10.2% respectively. All citrus tree leaves studied in this experiment have potential nutritive values indicated by high crude protein content, OMD, ME and low fiber values.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.405-411
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• 2007

Gal-13 is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from chicken intestine. Ninety chickens were randomly divided into two groups (45 chickens for each group) to determine the effect of oral administration of Gal-13 on the acquired immune response. The chickens in the first group were fed a diet without Gal-13 as the control, and the chickens in the second group were fed the same diet, except that Gal-13 ($1{\mu}g/ml$) was suspended in drinking water just after hatching. Samples of blood, thymus, bursa of fabricius and spleen were taken at day 1, 4, 7, 10 and 17. The chickens in both groups received infectious bursal disease virus vaccine at day 20, and then sera samples were collected for analysis at 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after vaccination. The results showed: (1) Gal-13 could enhance the content of immunoglobulin (Ig)G at the age of 4 to10 days (p<0.05) and IgM at the age of 4 and 10 days (p<0.05) in the serum; (2) In vitro experiments showed that Gal-13 (0.625-1.250${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the chickens stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavlin A (ConA). Compared to the control, Gal-13 (1 ${\mu}g/ml$) enhanced the proliferation of bursa lymphocytes at 17 days of age (p<0.01) and thymus lymphocytes at 7 days of age (p<0.01), but restrained lymphocyte proliferation in chicken spleen and differed significantly at day 10 (p<0.01); (3) Gal-13 enhanced infectious bursal disease virus antibody in sera of chickens 21 days after infectious bursal disease virus vaccine administration (p<0.05). These results suggested that Gal-13 could modulate adaptive immune responses of chickens.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.738-742
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• 1999

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccination on performance of broiler chicks for five weeks. Two types of poultry houses and three patterns of vaccination ($NDV^-/IBDV^-$, $NDV^+/IBDV^-$ and $NDV^+/IBDV^+$) were factorially assigned to six treatments. NDV, B1 strain and IBDV, Bursin-2 vaccine were orally administered at 5, 14 and 7, 18 days, respectively. Forty eight hundred chicks were grouped into four replications with two hundnyd hybro $\times$ hybro chicks per each treatment. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality and product index were surveyed at the end of experiment. Bursa index and IBDV antibody titer of chicks were weekly measured. Weight gain of chicks vaccinated with $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ was significantly increased compared to that of other treatments at both window and windowless poultry houses (p<0.05). Chicks vaccinated with $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ also showed significantly improving the FCR and mortality compared to those of other treatments at both poultry houses (p<0.05). The bursa indecies of both poultry houses were high from one-day- to three-weeks-old, but were low for the rest of two weeks. IBDV antibody of all chicks was detected 100% by agar gel precipitation (AGP) test at one day old, but was not detected in $NDV^-/IBDV^-$ and $NDV^+/IBDV^-$ treatments at four weeks old. However, it showed 100% in $NDV^+/IBDV^+$ treatment. Antibody titer using ELISA showed similar trend to that of AGP test. The results of this experiment confirmed that IBDV and NDV combined vaccine significantly improved the performance of broiler chicks.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2005

The present study was conducted to investigate the genetic profile of two prevalent avian pathogens in Korea namely, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Two farms located in Yeongi-gun, Chungnam were selected for this study. The two viruses were isolated from various organs (spleen, trachea, bursa of Fabricius) of deceased chickens that showed clinical symptoms of Newcastle Disease or Infectious bursal disease like swelling and congestion of the F bursa, facial edema, lacrimation, greenish yellow diarrhea as well as pathological signs like airsacculitis, haemorrhages in the intestines and so on. For analysis of NDV and IBDV, a 466 and 435 base pair fragments corresponding to the HN and VP2 regions which are highly conserved among related strains of NDV and IBDV, respectively, were amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed by sequencing. Comparison of the VP2 region showed a $99.3\%$ homology between the Korean IBDV isolate and the BJ836-attenuated vaccine strain. In contrast, the HN region of the Korean NDV isolate only has an 83 to $84\%$ homology with the vaccine strains LaSota, B1 and VGGA. Our findings reveal that the prevalent NDV strain in Korea is genetically different from the vaccine strains and may explain the recent outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the region.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 1998

닭에 있어서 닭와포자충 감염이 면역억제에 미치는 영항을 규명하기 위한 일환으로 150마리의 2 일령 SPF 병아리에 $5{\;}{\times}{\;}10^5$의 닭와포자충 오오시스트를 경구 투여하였다 경구투여 후 3일부터 95일까지 4일 간격으로 5마리씩의 병아리 정맥 내에 $1{\;}{\times}{\;}10^7$의 SRBC를 주입한 다음 각각 5일 후에 혈액을 채혈하여 SRBC의 응집소가를 측정하였다. 감염군에 있어서 분변 속의 오오시스트 배설은 정상적인 양상이었으며. 응집소가는 시일이 경과함에 따라 감염, 비감염 양군 모두 점점 높아져 52일에 최고에 이른 다음 점점 낮아졌다 한편. 실험기간을 통하여 응집소가는 오오시스트를 투여하지 않은 비감염군에 비하여 오오시스트를 투여한 감염군이 의의있게 낮았다. (P<0.05) 결과로 미루어 보아 닭와포자충 감염닭은 비감염닭베 비하여 항체반응이 저하되는 경향이 있다.