• Journal of the Korean Burn Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Purpose: Little information has been published regarding minor burn injuries in infants, most of which are preventable. To fill this research gap, this study explored the patterns and mechanisms of burn injuries in infants to ascertain whether such incidents can be prevented. Methods: This was a retrospective study, based on data collected prospectively from all infants (<12 months old) admitted to our hospital with burns in the four-year period between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018. A medical record review provided basic demographic information, such as age at the time of injury, sex, cause of injury, duration of treatment, operative treatment, and the extent and type of burn, as well as the anatomical region involved. Results: Fifty-seven infants were diagnosed with burn injuries, with scalding being the most common type (47%), followed by contact (32%) and steam (14%). Seven infants of eight steam burn patients injured by pressure cooker. Superficial second degree was the most common depth of injury (72%) followed by first degree (17%) and deep second degree (8%). Average age per injury type was calculated by independent T-test. Average ages of patients with contact and steam burns were significantly lower (7.06 months; P=0.19) and higher (9.25 months; P=0.005), respectively, than for other burn types. Conclusion: Given that infants cannot control their body movements, talk, or manage by themselves, they are entirely dependent on the proper care of adults. Consequently, in addition to the prevention of burns, special care should be taken for the pressure cooker.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2010

Purpose: This study investigated the Korean social workers’ burn-out factors and personal traits in hospice and palliative care field, and also examined the effect and correlation between their professionality, social support and supervision. Methods: Data (N=46) from 46 social workers working at hospice and palliative care field were collected, and the data were analyzed for the inferential statistics using t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression with the SPSS 12.0 program. Results: General factors of the burn-out were age and work experience. The effect of the organization environment is greatly dependant on social support and supervision, and the burn-out were protected when workers got an emotional support from their family. For the workers with supervision, the less negative feeling, the better for the burn-out protection. Furthermore, the low burn-out was thought about when professional organization, self regulation, job vocation and autonomy were utilized. Regression analysis needed that the burn-out were protected well when individual autonomy among expertise was guaranteed. As for social support, vertical support was able to protect physical burn-out. Conclusion: The training program for social workers in hospices and palliative care field is essential to reduce and prevent the burn-out. Hospice should be more activated and a training program with up-to-date knowledge and information should be adopted.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of job stress, burn-out and job satisfaction between intensive care unit nurses and general unit nurses. Methods: The subjects of this study were 100 intensive care unit nurses and 100 general unit nurses in university's hospitals. The data were collected using self-report questionnaires. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, -test, ANCOVA, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient by using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results: There were significantly negative correlation in the score of job stress and job satisfaction in both groups of nurses. Job stress of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of intensive care unit nurses was significantly differences according to position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of intensive care nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Job stress of general unit nurses unit was significantly differences according to department satisfaction. Burn-out of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, position, department satisfaction. Job satisfaction of general unit nurses was significantly differences according to clinical experience, department satisfaction. Conclusions: The appropriate rewards for intensive care nurses and general unit nurses to decrease their job stress will be needed in hospital settings. In addition, a plan for systemic nurse training program is needed to provide high quality nursing education for each unit nurses effectively.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.587-591
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• 2006

Purpose: Since Rheinwald and Green laid the foundation of epidermal cell culture technology in 1975, many clinicians and scientists have attempted to prove the effectiveness of cultured epidermal autologous(CEA) or homogenetic(CEH) grafts in the wound healing process. In contrast to CEA which cultured from a patient's skin on demand, Cultured Epidermal Homograft(CEH) can be readily available to use on cleaned wounds. In this study, we conducted a controlled clinical trial in order to confirm the effectiveness of CEH in treating partial-thickness 2nd degree burn wounds. Methods: From July 2003 to January 2004 at Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, we performed a clinical trial in which 35 patients who suffered from 2nd degree burns were enrolled. Wounds were randomly divided into two parts, control and test sites. Test sites were treated with allogeneic keratinocyte sheets ($Kaloderm^{(R)}$, Tegoscience Inc.), a CEH commercialized in Korea. Results: All wounds healed completely without any major complication. The complete healing took $8.3{\pm}2.8$($mean{\pm}S.D.$) days in the test sites as opposed to $11.7{\pm}3.3days$ in the control sites. Conclusion: Based on these results, we concluded that CEH accelerates re-epithelialization of partial thickness burn wounds and CEH can be an safe alternative to skin grafts for 2nd degree burns.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 2001

The possibility of biomaterials prepared from natural polymer as a skin substitute was evaluated by measuring biocompatibility. Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blend method in the weight ratio of chitosan for the purpose of useful biomaterials. These films were inserted in the back of rat and their biodegradability was investigated by the film weight and hematology as a function of time for the biotransformation. The result of rat test showed that medium, high viscosity chitosan induced some suspects of inbiocompatibililty in the tissue by foreign body reaction 48 and 72 hours after implantation. Also, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by low viscosity chitosan. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burn and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of the naked eye and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from chitosan was effective reduction of inflammation than negative group.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.295-298
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• 2012

Repair and strengthening is necessary to extend the service life of existing buildings. Polymer-modified cement mortar (PCM) has been extensively used as a high performance material particularly for finishing and repairing works in concrete building because of itsexcellent adhesion, waterproofing, resistance to chemical attack, and workability. As PCM contains organic polymer, it is necessary to clarify its properties at high temperature under fire, on which sufficient data are not available. This paper evaluated the burn-up characteristics of polymer-modified cement mortar with cone calorimeter test, non-combustibility test and flammability test with experimental parameters such as the types of polymer, unit-polymer content, polymer-cement ratio and thickness of the specimen.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.1005-1008
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• 1999

HMC has developed the lean burn system with alpha 4-valve into domestic market in the end of 1997. In a viewpoint of saving energy and prevention of global warming (CO2 reduction), the lean burn system has recently attracted a considerable attentions in gasoline engines. There has been, however, difficulty in extending LML(Lean Misfire Limit) enough to meet the emission regulations and satisfaction of driveability. In this paper some descriptions will be given upon the new technology of lean bum engine which will be installed in Accent, especially the improvement of the combustion, the development of engine management system such as intake system and wide range air fuel control strategy, and the result of vehicle test.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection often complicates burn wounds. Mupirocin is the antibiotic of choice for superficial MRSA infection, and its resistance is on the rise due to its frequent and widespread use. This study aimed to develop and evaluate Curcuma xanthorriza extract (CXE)-containing gel as a topical agent against MRSA-infected second-degree burn wound in rats. CXE was obtained using maceration with 96% ethanol. Xanthorrhizol level, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity were evaluated using a standardized method. In vivo, the wound's healing and bacterial load were evaluated every three days, whereas the histopathology of the wound was examined on day 12 of treatment. One-Way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. In this study, 27.0% and 7.10% of the obtained CXE were xanthorrhizol and curcumin, respectively. Additionally, an IC50 of 64.27 ppm was shown in antioxidant activity measurement, and MIC against MRSA was 5 mg/ml. Treatment with CXE-containing gels showed a significant reduction in bacterial load and proliferation of connective tissue in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, CXE-containing gel showed a greater reduction of bacterial load and more advanced wound healing phase than mupirocin.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2021

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the correlation between defense mechanism and posttraumatic stress disorder in burn patients. Methods : We recruit 40 burn patients and we evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, characteristics related to burn, korean version of Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Korean Version of Center for epidemiologic studies depression scale (CES-D) and Ewha Defense Mechanisms Test (EDMT). Multiple regression analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between EDMT score and IES-R score. Results : Factor 2 of EDMT which consists of Ego-expansion subjects was significantly correlate with IER-S score. In factor 2, Controlling (β=-0.299, p<0.05), Sublimation (β=-0.276, p<0.05) is significantly correlate with IER-S score. Conclusions : Some subjects of defense mechanism was significantly correlate with IES-R score. it might be helpful to understand defense mechanism for the posttraumatic stress disorder in burn patients.