• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.470-474
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• 2004

Both ratio error and phase angle error in voltage transformer(VT) depend on values of burden of VT used. A method of evaluation for linearity of ratio error and phase angle error in VT measurement equipment have been developed using the standard resistance burdens, with negligible AC-DC resistance difference less than $10^-6$. These burden consists of five standard resistors, with nominal resistance of 100 $\Omega$, 1 k$\Omega$, 10 k$\Omega$, 100 k$\Omega$, and 1 M$\Omega$. The developed method has been applied in VT measurement equipment of industry and the validity of the developed method has been verified by showing the consistency of the result of linearity obtained using VT with wide ratio error.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.213-217
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• 2004

A current transformer(CT) used for the estabilishment of high current national standard, has generally very small ratio error and phase angle error. Both the errors of CT depend critically on the external burden used. When both the ratio and phase angle errors at two different burdens including zero burden are known, those at any other burdens are calculated theoretically. The theoretical values are well consistent with the experimental results within the $82{\times}10$-6, implying the measurement system of CT in KRISS is well maintained.

• The Journal of KAIRB
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.33-42
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• 2023

In the conduct of multicenter clinical trials, multiple reviews by multiple Institutional Review Board (IRB) result in unnecessary duplication of efforts, delays and increased expenses of the trials, placing unavoidable burdens on not only investigators and sponsors but also IRBs. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic periods, as the need of multicenter clinical trials for its therapeutics and vaccines increased, a centralized IRB became more important than before in order to efficiently conduct the multicenter trials without unnecessary multiple reviews. Accordingly, government-supported central IBR as a new centralized IRB has launched to foster multicenter clinical trials while to avoid unnecessary reviews and delays and to reduce burdens of all stakeholders. However, there are still barriers to be overcome and problems to be solved in the central IRB. In this review, we introduce background and history of the central IRB and try to propose some strategies or solutions against the barriers and problems.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2005

Objectives: This study estimated the burden of disease due to high alcohol consumption using DALY, a composite indicator recently developed by the Global Burden of Disease study group. The results were analyzed by age and sex. Methods: Firstly, high alcohol consumption-related diseases, and their relative risk (RR), were selected. Secondly, population attributable fractions (PAFs) were computed using formulae, including the relative risk (RR) and prevalence of exposure (Pe). Thirdly, the DALYs of high alcohol consumption-related diseases were estimated. Lastly, the attributable burdens of diseases due to high alcohol consumption wereconcluded as being the sum of the products that multiplied the DALYs of high alcohol consumption-related diseases by their population attributable fraction (PAF). Results : The burden of high alcohol consumption in Korea was 2992.3 person years (PYs) per 100,000 persons in men, and 1426.6 in women. For men, the high alcohol consumption-induced diseases with the five biggest burdens were liver cirrhosis, hypertensive disease, liver cancer, cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. For women, these were cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive disease, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Conclusion: This study highlighted the attributable fraction of diseases due to exposure to high alcohol consumption, by quantifying the results of exposure to risk factors. Therefore, it is now possible to assess interventions for risk factors in quantifiable terms in each population. Finally, measuring the risk factor burdens was expected to contribute to priority setting and effective resource allocation in public health policy.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.84-93
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• 2014

Objectives: The incidence and survival rate of colorectal cancer in Korea are increasing because of improved screening, treatment technologies, and lifestyle changes. In this aging population, increases in economic cost result. This study was conducted to estimate the economic burden of colorectal cancer utilizing claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. Methods: Economic burdens of colorectal cancer were estimated using prevalence data and patients were defined as those who received ambulatory treatment from medical institutions or who had been hospitalized due to colorectal cancer under the International Classification of Disease 10th revision codes from C18-C21. The economic burdens of colorectal cancer were calculated as direct costs and indirect costs. Results: The prevalence rate (per 100 000 people) of those who were treated for colorectal cancer during 2010 was 165.48. The economic burdens of colorectal cancer in 2010 were 3 trillion and 100 billion Korean won (KRW), respectively. Direct costs included 1 trillion and 960 billion KRW (62.85%), respectively and indirect costs were 1 trillion and 160 billion (37.15%), respectively. Conclusions: Colorectal cancer has a large economic burden. Efforts should be made to reduce the economic burden of the disease through primary and secondary prevention.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2016

Objectives: In establishing policies for agricultural safety, evaluating injury burdens as well as investigating the rates and characteristics of work injury is important. This study investigated the types and characteristics of agricultural injury subjective burdens. Methods: By analyzing the injured farmers identified in the 2013 Korean Farmers' Occupational Injury Survey, the burdens caused by injuries were categorized using one direct cost item (medical costs) and five indirect cost items (including productivity decreases and wage increases). Statistical differences among the burden items were analyzed using logistic regression analysis according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. Results: Among the subjective burdens indicated by the 457 injured farmers, disruption to work was most common. The major influences on each subjective burden item are as follows: for the item of disruption to work, age, time of injury occurrence, treatment period, and farming machine use were influential; for an increased family member's burden of farm works, the number of family members and treatment period were influential. Regarding cost burden of treatment, the results varied according to whether or not the patient was hospitalized and annual income. Conclusion: Subjective burdens induced by indirect costs rather than those induced by direct costs were found to be higher in ratio. In regard to each burden item, the results varied according to the characteristics of the farmers and their farm injuries. To support injured farmer, setting goals to reduce indirect cost burdens and preparing concrete methods is necessary.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.1342-1347
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• 2016

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-147
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• 2001

The objective of study is to investigate the degree of burden of family who care for the elderly with dementia and to find out the factors related to the family burden as a pilot study. The number of subjects was total 137 and they were the families who were caring for elderly with dementia. The data was analyzed by SPSS/PC, t-test ANOVA. The results were as follows: 1. The score of family burden who were caring for elderly with dementia was 2.90 and the score of burden was high in case of the limitation of indivisual social activities. which was 3.09 and the lowest score was in case of the health of physical and limited which was 2.58 2. There was the correlation the level of dementia and the degree of burden of family who care for the elderly with dementia in character of dementia (p<0.05). 3. There was the correlation between the abnormal activities of the elderly with dementia and the degree of burdens of family (r=0.330). 4. There was the correlation between ADL of the elderly with dementia and the degree of burdens of family (r=-0.330). 5. The service duration had statistically significant correlation with burden In the character of family (P<0.05). 6. The using facility had statistically significant correlations with burden in the character of socity (P<0.05).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-111
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• 2002

Despite the substantial increase of the elderly population in Korea, welfare policies such as housing programs have not been developed enough to meet the diverse needs of the aging people. Particularly, caring for elderly dementia patients is becoming a serious social problem in Korean society. Families are still primarily responsible for taking care of the elderly dementia patients, and thus are suffering from tremendous caregiving burdens. In many Western countries, group homes, which are small-scale care facilities with home-like atmosphere, have become common housing alternatives for elderly dementia patients. Group homes effectively create a therapeutic environment while helping reduce the elder care burdens for the families. This article proposes to review group homes as a housing option for the elderly with dementia in Korea. The purpose of this article is to make suggestions for housing policies, separately or as a part of more general welfare policies. Based on the questionnaire survey conducted on 912 persons currently residing in Seoul and five different provinces, various possible policies and suggestions to promote establishing group homes and other facilities for elderly dementia patients are discussed in this article.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.205-217
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• 2014

This study examined attitudes of grandmothers who had experience in grandchild care in order to explore their subjectivity. Research questions were 1) to categorize the attitudes toward grandchild care, and 2) to analyze each type's characteristics and elucidate the analyses. The results are as follows. Grandmothers' attitudes toward grandchild care were categorized into three types: (1) adjusting-to-role-change type, (2) recognizing-the-role-burdens type, (3) enjoying-the-traditional-role type. Type 1, the adjusting-to-role-change type was aware of positive facets of grandchild care, and actively accepted the caring responsibility, but did not think it was a grandmother's duty to care for the grandchildren or that it was the sole pleasure in a grandmother's life. Type 2, the recognizing-the-role-burdens type, had a negative view regarding grandchild care, perceiving the cost too high relative to the reward. On the other hand, Type 3, the enjoying-the-traditional-role type considered grandchild care as a pleasure and a duty, and downplayed negative aspects such as having no time to herself, assuming the traditional grandmother role and enjoying it. These results imply that the attitudes of grandmothers nowadays are undergoing a change from the traditional grandmother role attitude.