• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.7
• /
• pp.981-990
• /
• 2010

The main objective of this study is to investigate the fluid flow and the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids using multi-phase thermal LBM and to realize theenhancement of heat transfer characteristics considered in the Brownian motion. In multi-phase, fluid component($H_2O$) is driven by Boussinesq approximation, and nanoparticles component by the external force gravity and buoyancy. The effect of Brownian motion as a random movement is modified to the internal velocity of nanoparticles(Cu). Simultaneously, the particles of both the phases assume the local equilibrium temperature after each collision. It has been observed that when simulating $H_2O$-Cu nanoparticles, the heat transfer is the highest, at the particle volume fraction 0.5% of the particle diameter 10 nm. The average Nusselt number is increased approximately by 33% at the particle volume fraction 0.5% of the particle diameter 10 nm when compared with pure water.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.11
• /
• pp.964-971
• /
• 2002

A numerical investigation of the constrained melting of phase change materials within spherical-like capsule is presented. A single-domain enthalpy formulation is used for simulation of the phase change phenomenon. The solution methodology is verified with the melting process inside an isothermal spherical capsule. Especially, the effect of capsule shape on the heat storage is emphasized. Two shape parameters are considered from the real capsule shape showing good characteristics of heat storage and the effect of these parameters is examined. Early during the melting process, the conduction mode of heat transfer is dominant. Thus the capsule shape with large surface area is desirable. However, the capsule shape with large surface area plays negative role on the strength of buoyancy-driven convection that becomes more important as melting continues.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.6
• /
• pp.496-506
• /
• 1998

This paper deals with the computational modeling of buoyancy-driven turbulent heat transfer involving spatially uniform volumetric heat sources in semicircular geometry. The Launder & Sharma low-Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulence model without any modifications and the SIMPLER computational algorithm were used for the numerical modeling, which was incorporated into the new computer code CORE-TNC. This computer code was subsequently benchmarked with the Mini-ACOPO experimental data in the modified Rayleigh number range of 2$\times$10$^{13}$ $\times$10$^{14}$ . The general trends of the velocity and temperature fields were well predicted by the model used, and the calculated isotherm patterns were found to be very similiar to those observed in previous experimental investigations. The deviation between the Mini-ACOPO experimental data and the corresponding numerical results obtained with CORE-TNC for the average Nusselt number was less than 30% using fine grid in the near-wall region and the three-point difference formula for the wall temperature gradient. With isothermal pool boundaries, heat was convected predominantly to the upper and adjacent lateral surfaces, and the bottom surface received smaller heat fluxes.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03b
• /
• pp.699-702
• /
• 2008

This paper describes the numerical simulations in the cooling of the radiator in a distribution transformer. The aim of this work is the cooling optimization of the transformer by CFD simulations. A clear understanding of the cooling pattern in a radiator which is a main heat remover in the power transformer is essential for optimizing the radiator design increasing the thermal efficiency. In this paper we study the heat transfer and fluid flow in a 3-phase 400kVA transformer. The plate radiators of this transformer become wrinkled (corrugated radiator) and there are filled with transformer oil. The oil is circulated due to the natural convection driven by buoyancy effects through radiators so that the ultimate cooling medium is the surrounding air. In the design of transformers, it is of interest to minimize the cost and size of radiators. The obtained results show the temperature and flow distributions and the possibility to optimize the transformer with 3-dimensional CFD models using FLUENT.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.2712-2723
• /
• 1994

Numerical simulation of an axisymmetric ethylene-air jet diffusion flame has been carried out in order to investigate flame dynamics and soot formation. The model solves the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations and includes models for soot formation, chemical reaction, molecular diffusion, thermal conduction, and radiation. Numerically FCT(Flux Corrected Transport) and DOM(Discrete Ordinate Method) methos are used for convection and radiation trasport respectively. Simulation was conducted for a 5 cm/sec fuel jet flowing into a coflowing air stream. The maximum flame temperature was found to be approximately 2100 K, and was located at an axial position of approximately 5 cm from the base of the flame. The maximum soot volume fraction was about $7{\times}10^{-7}$, and was located within the high temperature region where the fuel mole fraction ranges from 0.01 to 0.1. The buoyancy-driven low-frequency(12~13 Hz) structures convected along the outer region of the flame were captured. In case without radiation trasport, the maximum temperature was higher by 150 K than in case with radiation. Also the maximum soot volume fraction reached about $8{\times}10^{-6}$. As the the hydrocarbon fuel forms many soot particles, the radiation transport becomes to play a more important role.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2020

In last few decades, although thermal and/or solutal buoyancy-driven recirculating flows in a closed ampoule have been intensively studies as a model problem, there exist interesting total molar flux of Hg₂Br₂ that have been unreported in the literature. It is concluded that the total molar flux of Hg₂Br₂(A) increases linearly and directly as the temperature difference regions in the range of 10℃ ≤ ΔT ≤ 50°, 3.5 × 10³ ≤ Gr_t ≤ 4.08 × 10³, 4.94 × 10⁴ ≤ Gr_s ≤ 6.87 × 10⁴. For the range of 10 Torr ≤ P_B ≤ 150 Torr, the total molar flux of Hg₂Br₂(A) decays second order exponentially as the partial pressure of component B (argon as an impurity), P_B increases. From the view point of energy transport, the fewer the partial pressure of component B (argon), P_B is, the more the energy transport is achieved.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.43-53
• /
• 1986

The objective of this study is to report on the characterics of convective flow and heat transfer during metling process in order to provide design information for thermal energy storage systems which use phase change material. In present study, flow and heat transfer characteristics of the Phase Change Material in the Open Top Model (O.T.M) and in the Closed Top Model (C.T.M) were studied numerically by the control volume formulation using the algebraic non-orthogonal coordinate transformation. For the calculation procedure, the physical properties of fluid are assumed to be constant except density which is linely dependent on temperature in the bouyancy term of momentum equations. At start of melting process, the thickness of melting layer is assumed from the Stefan Problem assumption. The heat transfer results of Open Top Model and Closed Top Model are compared with the parameters of Grashof number and aspect ratio. It was found that heat transfer phenomena in melted region was greatly affected by buoyancy-driven natural convection and the melting distance of Open Top Model at the upper region is greater than that of Closed Top Model.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.48-54
• /
• 2024

During the Hg₂Br₂ physical vapor transport process with self-diffusion, it is concluded that for 10^-3g₀≤ g ≤ 1g₀ the thermal buoyancy driven convection is dominant in the vapor phase; at the gravitational level of g = 10^-4g₀, the transition region from the convection to diffusion occurs; for 10^-6g₀ ≤ g ≤ 10^-5g₀, the diffusion mode is predominant. The total molar flux of Hg₂Br₂ decays exponentially with the decreasing of one tenth of gravitational magnitude. For 10℃ ≤ ΔT ≤ 50℃, the total molar flux increases linearly and directly with the temperature difference between the source and crystal regions.

• Solar Energy
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.70-83
• /
• 1992

The interaction between the surface radiation and the mixed convection transport from an isolated thermal source, with a uniform surface heat flux input and located in a rectangular enclosure, is stuied numerically. The enclosure simulates a practical system such an air cooled electric device, where an air-stream flows through the openings on the two vertical walls. The heat source represents an electric component located in such an enclosure. The size of this cavity is $0.1[m]{\times}0.1[m]$. The inlet velocity is assumed as 0.07[m/s] and the inlet temperature is maintained as $27^{\circ}C$. The inflow is kept at a fixed position. Laminar, two dimensional flow is assumed, and the problem lies in the mixed convection regime, governed by buoyancy force and surface readiation. The significant variables include the location of the out-flow opening, of the heat source and the wall emissivity. The basic nature of the resulting interaction betwwn the externally induced air stream and the buoyancy-driven flow generated by the source is investigated. As a result, the best location of the heat source to make the active heat transfer is 0.075[m] from the left wall on the floor. The trends observed are also discussed in terms of heat removal from practical systems such as electric circuitry.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.22 no.12
• /
• pp.711-716
• /
• 2012

Tungsten bronze structure $Sr_{1-x}Ba_xNb_2O_6$ (SBN) single crystals were grown primarily using the Czochralski method, in which several difficulties were encountered: striation formation and diameter control. Striation formation occurred mainly because of crystal rotation in an asymmetric thermal field and unsteady melt convection driven by thermal buoyancy forces. To optimize the growth conditions, bulk SBN crystals were grown in a furnace with resistance heating elements. The zone of $O_2$ atmosphere for crystal growth is 9.0 cm and the difference of temperature between the melt and the top is $70^{\circ}C$. According to the growth conditions of the rotation rate, grown SBN became either polycrystalline or composed of single crystals. In the case of as-grown $Sr_{1-x}Ba_xNb_2O_6$ (x = 0.4; 60SBN) single crystals, the color of the crystals was transparent yellowish and the growth axis was the c-axis. The facets of the crystals were of various shapes. The length and diameter of the single crystals was 50~70 mm and 5~10 mm, respectively. Tungsten bronze SBN growth is affected by the temperature profile and the atmosphere of the growing zone. The thermal expansion coefficients on heating and on cooling of the grown SBN single crystals were not matched. These coefficients were thought to influence the phase transition phenomena of SBN.