• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2016

In this paper, we investigated the hotcarrier injection (HCI) mechanism, one of the most important reliability issues, in 10 nm node Input/Output (I/O) bulk FinFET. The FinFET has much intensive HCI damage in Fin-bottom region, while the HCI damage for planar device has relatively uniform behavior. The local damage behavior in the FinFET is due to the geometrical characteristics. Also, the HCI is significantly affected by doping profile, which could change the worst HCI bias condition. This work suggested comprehensive understanding of HCI mechanisms and the guideline of doping profile in 10 nm node I/O bulk FinFET.

• Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

CSR for bulk carrier has been required 25 years operation life in North Atlantic condition. As the fatigue life requirement of ship structure is increased it is necessary to study to satisfy the fatigue life which is much severe. Therefore from the fatigue analysis, especially fatigue strength for double bottom & lower stool connection area is not enough. To satisfy the fatigue life, it needs to increase double bottom strength or insert thicker plate. In this study, the consideration though structure modification have been doe with 81K bulk carrier and to find the solution of fatigue problem.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.285-289
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• 2015

We prepared silver Schottky contacts to O-polar and nonpolar m-plane bulk ZnO wafers. Then, by considering various transport models, we performed a comparative analysis of the current transport properties of Ag/bulk ZnO Schottky diodes, which were measured at 300, 200, and 100 K. The fitting of the forward bias current-voltage (I-V) characteristics revealed that the tunneling current is dominant as the transport component in both the samples. Compared to thermionic emission (TE), a stronger contribution of tunneling current was observed at low temperature. The reverse bias I-V characteristics were well fitted with the thermionic field emission (TFE) in both the samples. The presence of acceptor-like adsorbates, such as O₂ and H₂O, modulated the surface conductive state of ZnO, thereby affecting the tunneling effect. The degree of activation/passivation of acceptor-like adsorbates might be different in both the samples owing to their different surface morphologies and surface defects (e.g., oxygen vacancies).

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.54-58
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• 2002

This paper describes the theoretical analysis and performance of a 2.4㎓ bulk-driven downconversion mixer, where the LO signal is input via the bulk. A mixer core designed with a 0.18$\mu\textrm{m}$ CMOS process is able to operate under 0.8V∼1V supply voltage. The RF, LO, and IF port frequencies are 2.45㎓, 2.4㎓, and 50MHz, respectively. The measurement results exhibit conversion gain of -1.8㏈, l㏈ compression point of -17㏈m and IIP3 of -4㏈m with 0㏈m LO power. The power consumption is as small as 4mW.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.341-346
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• 2018

Supramax bulk carriers cover a wide range of ocean transportation requirements, from major to minor bulk cargoes. Market forecasting for this segment has posed a challenge to researchers, due to complexity involved, on the demand side of the forecasting model. This paper addresses this issue by using technical indicators as input features, instead of complicated supply-demand variables. Artificial neural networks (ANN), one of the most popular machine-learning tools, were used to replace classical time-series models. Results revealed that ANN outperformed the benchmark binomial logistic regression model, and predicted direction of the spot market with more than 70% accuracy. Results obtained in this paper, can enable chartering desks to make better short-term chartering decisions.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 1988

Bulk-type dryers which are widely used for drying special agricultural products such as tobaco leaf, red pepper, mushroom, ginseng, medicinal herb, etc, began to be distributed on a full scale since 1980 and the total number of dryers introduced to farms reached to about 36,600 units as of the end of 1986. In this study a survery was carried on the farmers cultivating special crops, dryer manufacturers and related administrative institutes and associations by means of on-the-spot investigation, mail or interview to collect data on scales and patterns of farming, utilization of bulk-type dryers, production and price streams of the special crops etc. Based on the analysis of the data surveyed predictions were made for the total demand on the bulk-type dryers and for annual demand over five-year span.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.839-844
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• 2007

In order to reduce resultant stress of the connection detail of longitudinal and rib and floor beam, in this study, the parameter studies for the reinforcement details as the bulk head and the vertical rib were preformed with FE analysis. As the result, it was shown that reinforcement detail with the bulk head plate in longitudinal rig reduced generally the principal stress at the connection detail, but the stress concentration of the weld toe parts occurring fatigue crack increased. However, it was known that the reinforcement detail with the vertical rib in the rib is more effective than the bulk head plate of the reduction stress concentration in the weld toe parts.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.112-124
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• 1993

It has been reported that fatigue damage sometimes occurred at the stress concentrated and dynamic loaded structural members of bulk carrier. In this paper, studies on fatigue strength of hull structures are reviewed, and the program for evaluating fatigue strength is developed. And the fatigue crack initiation and propagation on the end part of cargo hold frame of bulk carrier were calculated by FEM stress analysis and the fatigue strength evaluation program. These method can be applied not only to the crack initiation life but also to crack propagation life for the hull structural members at the hull design stage and be effective as the guideline to prevent the crack initiation or to estimate the fatigue strength for repairing of the fatigue damaged structures of real ships.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.9B
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• pp.783-792
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• 2003

We consider a finite-buffer discrete-time queueing system with fixed-size bulk-service discipline: Geo/ $G^{B}$1/K＋B. The main purpose of this paper is to present a performance analysis of this system that has a wide range of applications in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and other related telecommunication systems. For this purpose, we first derive the departure-epoch probabilities based on the embedded Markov chain method. Next, based on simple rate in and rate out argument, we present stable relationships for the steady-state probabilities of the queue length at different epochs: departure, random, and arrival. Finally, based on these relationships, we present various useful performance measures of interest such as the moments of number of packets in the system at three different epochs and the loss probability. The numerical results are presented for a deterministic service-time distribution - a case that has gained importance in recent years.s.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.95-98
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• 2000

Film bulk acoustic resonator used in microwave region can be analyzed by one-dimension Mason's model and one-dimensional numerical method, but it had several constraints to analyze effects of area variation, electrode-area variation, electrode-shape variation and spurious characteristics. To overcome these constraints film bulk acoustic resonator must be analysed by three dimensional numerical method. So, in this paper three dimensional finite element method was used to analyze several moles of resonance and was compared with the one dimension Mason's model analysis and analytic solution.