• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2022

Purpose With the recent development of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence technology, self-driving technology has developed into three stages (partial self-driving) or four stages (conditional self-driving), it is expected to bring a new paradigm to transportation in the city. Although many researchers are researching related technologies, there is no research on self-driving for disabled persons. In this study, the basic research was conducted based on the assumption that the shared self-driving car used by the disabled person is similar to the special transportation currently driving. Design In this study, data analysis and machine learning techniques were utilized to analyze the mobility patterns of disabled persons by type and to search for leading factors affecting the traffic volume of special transportation. Findings The study found that external physical disorders and developmental disorders often visit general welfare centers, internal organ disorders often visit general hospitals, and the elderly and mental disorders have various destinations. In addition, machine learning analysis showed that the main transportation routes for the disabled person use arterial roads and auxiliary arterial roads and that the ratio of building usage-related variables affecting the use of special transportation for a disabled person is high. In addition, the distance to the subway and bus stops was also mentioned as a meaningful variable. Based on these analysis results, it is expected that the necessary infrastructure for shared self-driving cars for disability person traffic will be used as meaningful research data in the future.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2023

초연결, 초지능, 초융합의 패러다임 기반의 4차 산업혁명 시대를 맞이하고 있는 오늘날에는 모바일, 클라우드, 빅데이터 등의 기술을 바탕으로 원격업무 환경이 중심이 되고 있다. 이와 같은 원격업무 환경은 코로나19로 인한 비대면에 대한 요구로 가속화되었다. 원격업무 환경은 언제, 어디에서나 서비스 및 자원에 접근하여 다양한 업무를 수행할 수 있기 때문에, 업무 효율성은 증가시켰으나 내외부 경계를 모호하게 만듦으로써 전통적인 경계 기반 네크워크 보안모델을 무력화시키는 문제점을 야기시켰다. 본 논문에서는 경계면의 개념을 넘어 네트워크에서 발생하는 모든 행위를 신뢰하지 않는다는 제로 트러스트 사상에 기반한 핵심 구성요소와 이들 간의 관계를 중심으로 한 보안모델을 구축함으로써, 전통적인 경계면 중심 보안 전략의 한계점을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.277-296
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• 2023

The South Korean ethnic diaspora US lobby shows efficacy as an interest group in generating influence in American foreign and domestic public policy making. The persuasive portrayal of South Korea as a critical Cold War US ally reinforced US amenability to pro-South Korea lobbying. Also, the South Korean US diaspora is a comparatively recent immigrant group, thus its lingering resistance to assimilation facilitates its political mobilization to lobby the US government. One source of this influence includes the foundational legacy of proselytizing Western and particularly American religious social movement representatives in Korean religiosity and society. US protestant Christianity acquired a strong public association with emerging Korean nationalism in response to Japanese imperialism and occupation. Hostility towards Japanese colonialism followed by the threat from Soviet-sponsored, North Korean Communism meant Christianity did not readily become a cultural symbol of excessive external, US interference in South Korean society by South Korean public opinion. The post-Cold War shift in US foreign policy towards targeting so-called rogue state vestiges of the Cold War including North Korea enhanced further South Korea's influence in Washington. Due to essential differences in the perceived historical role of American influence, extrapolation of the South Korean development model is problematic. US hegemony in South Korea indicates that perceived alliance with national self-determination constitutes the core of soft power appeal. Civilizational appeal per se in the form of religious beliefs are not critically significant in promoting American polity influence in target polities in South Korea or, comparatively, in the Middle East. The United States is a perceived opponent of pan-Arab nationalism which has trended towards populist Islamic religious symbolism with the failure of secular nationalism. The pronounced component of evangelical Christianity in American core community nationalism which the Trump campaign exploited is a reflection of this orientation in the US.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.409-416
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• 2009

This paper presents a tool called Quality-Cost optimization system (QCOS), which integrates Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD), for tradeoff between quality and cost of the unitized metal curtain-wall unit. A construction owner as the external customer pursues to maximize the quality of the curtain-wall unit. However, the contractor as the internal customer pursues to minimize the cost involved in designing, manufacturing and installing the curtain-wall unit. It is crucial for project manager to find the tradeoff point which satisfies the conflicting interests pursued by the both parties. The system would be beneficial to establish a quality plan satisfying the both parties. Survey questionnaires were administered to the construction owner who has an experience of curtain-wall project, the architects who are the independent assessor, and the contractors who were involved in curtain-wall design and installation. The Customer Requirements (CRs) and their importance weights, the relationship between CRs and Technical Attributes (TAs) consisting of a curtain-wall unit, and the cost ratios of each components consisting curtain-wall unit are obtained from the three groups mentioned previously. The data obtained from the surveys were used as the QFD input to compute the Owner Satisfaction (OS) and Contractor Satisfaction (CS). MOGA is applied to optimize resource allocation under limited budget when multi-objectives, OS and CS, are pursued at the same time. The deterministic multi-objective optimization method using MOGA and QFD is extended to stochastic model to better deal with the uncertainties of QFD input and the variability of QFD output. A case study demonstrates the system and verifies the system conformance.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 헤도닉 모형을 활용하여 공공주택가격(복합재화)에 영향을 주는 변수들을 분리하여 각각의 변수들에 대한 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 이때 변수로 주차장(세대당 주차면수)을 포함하여 금전적 가치를 추정하고 시사점을 도출하고자 한다. 주차장을 비시장재화로 보고 공동주택에서 주차가 갖는 금전적 가치를 공동주택의 실거래가를 활용하여 추정하고 제시했다는 점에서 기존의 연구들과 차별성을 보인다. 하남시를 대상으로 분석한 결과, 주차 1면의 증가는 약 2,597만원~5,968만원의 가격상승에 영향을 주며, 이는 주차 1면에 대한 경제적 가치로 해석될 수 있다. 본 연구를 시작으로 주차장에 대한 지속적인 연구가 이루어진다면, 재정투자사업 평가를 과학적이고 객관적으로 수행하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2022

Purpose - Drawing on relational institutional theory, we explored how demographic similarity between board members of a firm and newly emerged political elites led to firms' increased financial resource acquisition such as leverage ratio and decreased export intensity amidst the Asian financial crisis. We also studied how a firm's leverage ratio and export intensity can further affect firm profitability and financial credit rating. Design/methodology - We revisited and explored a unique, unprecedented crisis that affected most Korean firms: the Asian financial crisis that coincided with a governmental shift from a conservative to a liberal party. We collected demographic information from 432 listed Korean firms' board members and 43 political elites of the Blue House from 1998-2000 to create a demographic similarity measurement. We collected firms' financial information, built panel data, and used ordinary least squares regression to test our theory. Findings - Our results showed that demographic similarity between a firm's directors and newly emerged politicians had a positive association with a firm's leverage ratio but a negative association with a firm's export intensity. A firm's leverage ratio had a negative relationship with firm performance measured by firm profitability and financial credit rating. A firm's export intensity showed a positive effect on firm performance. Originality/value - We highlighted that during an economic crisis that coincided with a governmental shift and change of leading political actors, firms exerted efforts to survey the environment and build new external stakeholder relationships to cope with the changing landscape. We proposed that in an emerging market like Korea where low levels of trust and favoritism are prevalent across society, one of the relational institutional strategies that firms can employ is the selection of directors with similar demographic characteristics to political elites based on factors including birthplace and school affiliations. We examined the efforts of firms to build political networks with newly empowered political elites during a financial crisis, and the consequences of establishing such networks. We highlighted that during a financial crisis, the demographic similarity between a firm's board members and newly emerged politicians can provide firms with access to financial resources but can also result in poor management and reduced effort to enhance its international competitiveness.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.457-468
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• 2023

Buildings, bridges, and dams are examples of civil infrastructure that play an important role in public life. These structures are prone to structural variations over time as a result of external forces that might disrupt the operation of the structures, cause structural integrity issues, and raise safety concerns for the occupants. Therefore, monitoring the state of a structure, also known as structural health monitoring (SHM), is essential. Owing to the emergence of the fourth industrial revolution, next-generation sensors, such as wireless sensors, UAVs, and video cameras, have recently been utilized to improve the quality and efficiency of building forensics. This study presents a method that uses a target-based system to estimate the dynamic displacement and its corresponding dynamic properties of structures using UAV-based video. A laboratory experiment was performed to verify the tracking technique using a shaking table to excite an SDOF specimen and comparing the results between a laser distance sensor, accelerometer, and fixed camera. Then a field test was conducted to validate the proposed framework. One target marker is placed on the specimen, and another marker is attached to the ground, which serves as a stationary reference to account for the undesired UAV movement. The results from the UAV and stationary camera displayed a root mean square (RMS) error of 2.02% for the displacement, and after post-processing the displacement data using an OMA method, the identified natural frequency and damping ratio showed significant accuracy and similarities. The findings illustrate the capabilities and reliabilities of the methodology using UAV to evaluate the dynamic properties of structures.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.119-138
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• 2023

Concrete carbonation is a prevalent phenomenon that leads to steel reinforcement corrosion in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, thereby decreasing their service life as well as durability. The process of carbonation results in a lower pH level of concrete, resulting in an acidic environment with a pH value below 12. This acidic environment initiates and accelerates the corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete, rendering it more susceptible to damage and ultimately weakening the overall structural integrity of the RC system. Lower pH values might cause damage to the protective coating of steel, also known as the passive film, thus speeding up the process of corrosion. It is essential to estimate the carbonation factor to reduce the deterioration in concrete structures. A lot of work has gone into developing a carbonation model that is precise and efficient that takes both internal and external factors into account. This study presents an ML-based adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) approach to predict the carbonation depth of fly ash (FA)-based concrete structures. Cement content, FA, water-cement ratio, relative humidity, duration, and CO2 level have been used as input parameters to develop the ANFIS model. Six performance indices have been used for finding the accuracy of the developed model and two analytical models. The outcome of the ANFIS model has also been compared with the other models used in this study. The prediction results show that the ANFIS model outperforms analytical models with R-value, MAE, RMSE, and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency index values of 0.9951, 0.7255 mm, 1.2346 mm, and 0.9957, respectively. Surface plots and sensitivity analysis have also been performed to identify the repercussion of individual features on the carbonation depth of FA-based concrete structures. The developed ANFIS-based model is simple, easy to use, and cost-effective with good accuracy as compared to existing models.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.276-287
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• 2022

1990년대 이후로 문화유산 분야에서도 디지털 기술의 적용이 활발히 진행되고 있으며, 이는 기존에 기록, 보관되고 있던 문화원형 데이터를 활용하는 방안으로 문화유산의 새로운 활용 가능성을 제시하였다. 특히, COVID-19, 시간적 제약과 같은 다양한 외부 상황으로 문화유산을 향유하는 방법이 다변화되었고, 건물 자체를 옮길 수 없는 건축문화유산에서 비대면 디지털 콘텐츠의 활용은 중요한 역할을 하게 되었다. 건축문화유산의 진정성을 올바르게 표현하는 방안으로 건축정보모델(BIM) 기술이 고려되지만, 단순히 BIM으로 건축문화유산 콘텐츠를 만드는 것으로는 문화유산의 진정성을 표현한다고 할 수 없다. 따라서 콘텐츠 제작 과정의 신뢰성을 인증된 기관을 통해 보여주며, 콘텐츠 상에서 부재의 정보 제공이 필요하다. 본 연구는 건축문화유산 콘텐츠 제작에서 신뢰성 확보와 진정성 표현을 위한 방안을 제시하여, 디지털 문화유산 분야에 기여하고자 한다.