• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2014

It was identified by the excavation that architecture remains were confirmed buddhist temple consist of ruins of main building of a temple, auditorium site, ruins of stone pagoda, embankment, pedestrian Facilities and drainage etc. in the Gwangmyeong-dong site. The site has been held temple arrangement with 1 main building of a temple, twin Pagodas from the Unified Silla period to Goryeo dynasty. The temple constructed after that was destroyed the architecture in the Unified Silla period. It seems that aristocrat or royalty power of within group of the nearby remains of city which was constructed in the Unified Silla period build and visit the temple. Considering there are excavations, it assumes that the temple had been constructed during the last days of the Unified Silla, was closed up during the mid-Goryeo Dynasty.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.7-26
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• 2003

This article works on the development process of the Buddhist Temple with two pagodas in the Eastern Asia. in 7-8th centuries. This study was motivated from the observation that why there are many the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas only around the late 7th century, roughly around 670 A.D.. This period corresponds to the Silla Dynasty(in Korean History) and Hakuho Period(in Japan History) among the Eastern Asia while the composition of the temple being changed as Buddhism spreads out from China. The results of this study are the followings. The appearance of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas was resulted from the representation of the Ideology in Botabpum(dogma of pagoda security) of the Saddharmapundarika Sutra, that is to say, two Buddhas sit side by side and iconography of Esoteric Buddhism dogma supports the spirit for defending one's country. Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in China had separate tab-won(areas with pagodas outer temple building block). Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Korea had begun with sacheunwangsa temple in Unified-Silla. But it had two pagodas with inner temple area instead of outer. This was different from the composition of China. It can be related to the layout of the temple haying two pagodas in East-Jin(in China History) and the sculpture of two pagodas in Ungang-stonecave(in China). Thus the layout of the Buddhist Temple having two pagodas in Silla had been originated from that of China, but was developed to the main temple layout on her own accord. As Japanese Temple having two pagodas had been influenced diplomatically, it had two pagodas inner area as like the layout in Shilla. But later under the influence of Tang it was modified to the layout having them in separate area. And this influence can be seen for example Tangchojaesa temple. For the more, We call see that the diplomatic trends according to the policies in East asia affected to Buddhism and then naturally also to the layout of the Buddhist Temple.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

The subjects of this study were limited to Silla buddhist temple remains in the 6~8th century, where the excavation survey report was published and the details of the remains of the corridor are revealed. Since the corridor completes the structure of temple and is involved in formation of the space, the building plan for corridors is thought to have an intention linked to the entire temple. Thus, more closer study is required for this construction plan to identify the role of corridors. The corridor is a building that has a low architectural hierarchy and completes the layout and composition of the temple. In the unit planning of the corridor, unit were designed to be of a certain size in the temple layout. Then, the overall scale was made by adding the fixed size of unit. The combination of corridors are the combined points of paths and were used as visual points. The structure of the corridor was constructed to be adjusted according to the size of the main compartment of the building to which it was connected and inserted under the roof of the building. The adjustment of the unit changed in the range of 0.5 to 2 of Silla's system of measurement. The usage of embedded pillar in the corridor presents a new perspective on Silla architecture.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

This paper aimed to identify a main-path remains in the Hwangnyongsa temple site based on studying published the excavation survey report and researching relics related to the path in the ancient temple site. Hwngnyongsa temple, there were three type's paved footway, straight path to the central axis line of the layout, outside path around the main buildings and the front square of the lecture hall. These remains were expected that installed for some purposes, such as marches, touring, sort of a Buddhist ceremony been performed at the time of Silla. Straight path shows there were two rows of the main access inside the roofed corridor. A row consisted of the 2~3 pieces processed stone(Jangdaeseok) altogether with 92cm width and combined with square stone and stepping stone on the end of the road. It is regarded as very characteristic form and one of the architectural elements of Hwangnyongsa temple in Unified Silla period.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.265-280
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• 2022

황룡사는 약 685년이라는 긴 시간 동안 법등이 이어진 대사찰이다. 1976년부터 1983년까지 이루어진 발굴조사에서 1탑 3금당식의 가람배치가 밝혀진 후 크게 네 차례에 걸쳐 창건부터 최종까지의 가람추정도가 제시된 바 있다. 그러나 지금까지 황룡사 가람구조에 대한 연구는 회랑내곽(佛地) 위주로 연구가 진행되어왔다. 사찰의 건립 이유를 생각한다면 금당지 등 중심건물지에 대한 연구가 먼저 이루어지는 것은 당연하겠지만 사찰 전체의 가람구조를 연구하기 위해서는 회랑외곽(僧地)에 대한 연구도 선행되어야 한다. 신라 사찰의 회랑내·외곽을 포함한 전체 가람구조를 파악하기 위해서는 신라시대 대표사찰인 황룡사를 빼놓을 수 없다. 현재까지 조사된 삼국시대 사찰은 회랑외곽에 대한 자료가 많지 않고 사역의 정확한 범위를 추정하기 어려운 경우가 많다. 이에 비해 황룡사는 사방으로 주변과의 경계인 담장이 축조된 것으로 확인되어 사역의 정확한 범위를 추정하는 것이 가능하다. 즉, 회랑내곽과 외곽, 회랑외곽과 사역외곽과의 공간을 비교적 명확하게 확인할 수 있어 사역 전체 가람 구조의 변화를 추정하기에 적합한 곳이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 황룡사 사역이 통일신라시대부터 고려시대까지 어떠한 변화를 거쳤는지 확인하고 전체 가람 구조의 변화과정을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 황룡사 사역 남쪽으로의 확장을 확인할 수 있는 남문지의 건립시기와 사역 경계인 사방 담장의 축조시기와 변화과정을 검토하였다. 그 결과 회랑내곽의 가람변화와 함께 회랑외곽 역시 1~3차에 걸쳐 변화했을 가능성을 제시하였다. 또한, 황룡사의 전체 가람구조가 변화하게 된 계기는 단순히 사찰 규모의 변화만을 의미하는 것이 아니라 일찍부터 신라왕경의 중심지에 창건된 지리적 중요성과 함께 주변으로 도시유적이 들어서면서 사찰의 경관 역시 변화를 같이 한 것으로 생각된다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2014

This paper aimed to identify the variation of layout in Hwangnyoungsa buddhist temple site based on studying published the excavation research paper and texts related to layout. According to earlier studies, in 1st construction period(553~569) of Hwangnyoungsa, there were trisection spaces with one main hall and two corridors in inner part and then in 2nd period(584~645), unified one. But actually trisection spaces had been maintained until the middle part of 8th century. And in each space there was the main hall with large yard. That is the 2nd period layout of Hwangnyoungsa. For the attainment this result, each building remains are judged under duplicated situation which one was the previous and next by consideration of the construction condition and special features of foundation. Although the meaning of trisection system of Hwangnyoungsa is similar with the layout of ancient palace, it could be said to derive from accumulation excavation research in Silla's archeological site and such studies.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2021

In the study of Buddhist architecture before the Goryeo Dynasty, the analysis of sectarian viewpoints is one of the effective means. In the study of Buddhist architecture before the Goryeo Dynasty, analyzing from the point of view of a Buddhism sect is one of the effective means. Until now, compared to the importance of the Beopsang school before the Goryeo period in the field of research on the history of Buddhist architecture, research on its temples was the least compared to those of other denominations. In this study, as one of the studies on Beopsang school temples, Geumsansa(金山寺), Beopjusa(法住寺), and Donghwasa(桐華寺), which were built as the Jinpyo's Beopsang school temple in the late 8th century and maintained until the Goryeo Dynasty, were targeted. And I tried a rudimentary analysis on the building composition of those temples from the viewpoint of the beliefs and teachings of Beopsang school. This study is meaningful in that it is the first attempted study in the field of architectural history on the Buddhist temple of the Beopsang school, which led non-Zen sects of Buddhism along with the Hwaeom school until the Goryeo Dynasty.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

This paper aimed to identify architectural historical meaning of the brick-constructed platform of the west hall in Hwangnyoungsa buddhist temple site based on studying published the excavation survey report and comparing with other platforms of Silla remains. Mass and height of the building has a hierarchical structure within a buddhist temple site, this is applicable in Hwangnyongsa. So in case of a rank equal to or lower buildings than the west hall, those of platforms were built of brick-constructed. As stone relics, jidaeseoks are very narrow, I think that wooden pagoda and main hall's platform were built of brick in first construction period. West hall's platform was built at the late 6th~the mid of 7th century, these brick-remains were considered as a quite earlier construction period relics. Because in west hall there is no jidaeseok under bricks, and all bricks relics have a rectangular shape.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to reconstruct the wooden frame structure of Buddhist temple, Kumdang in Youngamsaji which assumed to be built in the 9th century of Unified Silla Dynasty. The remaining site of Kumdang in Youngamsaji is investigated thoroughly with a particular attention to bay size and column distribution. The five ancient Buddhist temples which were built in the same period also have the same frame type as Youngamsaji Kumdang. These five ancient Buddhist temples and Kumdang in Youngamsaji are meticulously investigated in terms of their bay sizes and measuring modules. The framework schema is devised as a conceptual tool to conjecture wooden frame structures of Buddhist temple. A theoretical differentiation between frame type and frame structure is attempted to formulated a wooden frame structure as a stepping-stone for the reconstruction of traditional wooden building. The wooden frame structure of 9C Kumdang in Youngamsaji mainly follows the oldest Korean wooden pavilion, Muryangsujeon in Busuk temple, with a hip and gable roof. The wooden frame structure of 9C Kumdang in Youngamsaji is reconstructed through 3D computer modeling to such an extent that every wooden components of the structure can be 3D printed. The reconstruction also takes reference from the Cai-Fen system in Yingzao Fashi.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find framework schema of early J usimpo-style Buddhist halls (Geungnakjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple, Muryangsujeon Hall of Buseoksa Temple, and Daeungjeon Hall of Sudeoksa Temple). Though the halls are known as built in the late Goryeo Period, they show the influence of the architectural style of the early Unified Silla Period. To find the adopted modules and proportions of these halls, this study conceived a schematic diagram based on the whole frame structure taking reference from the Cai-Fen system in Yingzao Fashi. In these three halls, the heights of each cross-beam (Dori) are made up by the layers of member and member units. This study computes the values of Cai, Zhi, and Fen which can apply to both the section and the plan. The vertical section structure is determined by combining the standard member heights (Cai) and the standard unit heights (CaiZhi). The bays of columns are made by multiples of the standard member width (Fen).