• 약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 1983

Effective BuOH fraction was extracted from Puerariae radix (Pueraria thunbergiana), and several pharmacological activities were examined. From several pharmacological examinations, it was found that BuOH fraction has an antipyretic activity against typhoid vaccine pyrexia in rabbit, a papaverine-like antispasmodic activity on isolated ileum and jejunum of rat, an analgesic effects on mice treated by 0.7% HAc, and an anti-inflammatory activity of carrageenin edema in rat. It was found that BuOH fraction has detoxication effects on acute and subacute toxic rat induced by alcohol in consequence of biochemical tests of serum. Therefore it was considered that BuOH fraction has preventive and therapeutic effects in alcohol intoxication.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2007

In order to evaluate the improvement effects of head of Panax ginseng on chronic arthritis, we have investigated the activity of butanol fraction (BuOH fraction) in vitro and in vivo system. BuOH fraction showed significant inhibition on the elastase activity. Anti-arthritic activity of BuOH fraction was also examined on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. Mice were immunized with injection of type II collagen emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant, followed by a booster injection 21 days later. BuOH fraction(BHPG) was administered at an oral dose of 500mg/kg for 2 weeks from the 1st day boost. The hind paw edema was significantly decreased in the group of treatment with BuOH fraction compared to control. In collagen-induced DBA/1J mice, BuOH fraction did not affected the collagen antibody titer but significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factoralpha(TNF-${\alpha}$) activity. These results were confirmed with histological evaluation of joint tissues. This study may raise the possibility that the usage of BuOH fraction of head of Panax ginseng as alternative medicine for the relief and prevention of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

• 생약학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2015

Wound healing is a complex process that includes inflammation, granulation tissue formation, re-epithelialization, and remodeling. We reported previously that BuOH fraction from Hydnocarpi Semen (HS) crude extract exhibited wound healing activity in animal ulcer models. In this study, we investigated whether BuOH fraction activates keratinocyte and fibroblast via wound closure test and migration assay. In the scratch test, BuOH fraction accelerated the closure of a monolayer wound scratch at $100{\mu}g/mL$. After treatment with BuOH fraction for 18 h, keratinocytes showed a increase in migration at $25{\mu}g/mL$, whereas the migration of fibroblast increased significantly at $100{\mu}g/mL$ of BuOH fraction compared to control. The mechanism that the BuOH fraction of HS helps to promote healing by inflammation is possibly associated with the migration of keratinocyte and fibroblast.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권11호
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• pp.1389-1394
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• 2008

본 연구는 산겨릅나무의 식품학적 가치를 알아보고 기능성식품 소재로서의 이용.개발을 위하여 항산화 및 간 기능 보호효과를 탐색하였다. 항산화성 결과 가운데 총 폴리페놀은 EtOAc fr.에서 함량이 가장 많았고 BuOH fr., EtOH ex., $CHCl_3$ fr., hot water ex., aqueous fr. 순으로 높게 나타났다. 전자공여능은 EtOAc fr.과 BuOH fr.이 ascorbic acid와 유사한 전자공여능을 보였으며 SOD 유사활성능은 $250\;{\mu}g/mL$ 이하의 농도에서는 BuOH fr.이 가장 높게, 그 이상에서는 aqueous fr.에서 가장 높게 나타났다. LPS로 급성 간 손상을 유도한 마우스에서의 BuOH fr.의 간 기능 보호효과에서는 BuOH fr.을 전 처치한 다음 LPS를 투여한 군이 LPS만을 투여한 군보다 혈장 AST와 ALT의 활성은 유의하게 감소 되었으나 BUN의 농도는 유의성이 관찰되지 않았다. 간조직의 형태학적 관찰에서 BuOH fr.을 투여하고 LPS로 급성 간 손상을 유도한 군의 간세포는 염증과 괴사가 나타났지만 LPS군에 비하여 그 정도가 적은 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.1-30
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• 2016

Objectives Previous studies have found out that Forsythiae Fructus (FF) extracts have anti-atopic activities by in vitro experiment. In order to understand more about FF extracts' benefit, we subdivided FF extracts depending on systematic fractionation method by using Methylene chloride (MC), Ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-BuOH and n-hexane (n-Hx). This study is designed to examine the effect of FF fractions on the PMA- ionomycin-induced activation of RBL-2H3 mast cell lines in vitro and on the DNCB-induced activation of NC/Nga mice in vivo. Methods For this study, we examined IL-4, IL-13 production by ELISA analysis, IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA and TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression by real-time PCR and manifestations of AP-1 and MAPKs transcription factors by western blotting in vitro. Through in vitro experiment, we selected FF n-BuOH fraction that seems the best effective in atopic dermatitis then induced it on NC/Nga mice by DNCB. We measured mice's WBC, eosinophil and neutrophil in heart blood, IL-4, IL-5, IFN-${\gamma}$ in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, the absolute cell numbers of CD4+, CD8+, B220+CD23+, CD3+CD69+ and Gr-1+CD11b+ in the PBMCs, ALN and dorsal skin, IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA in the dorsal skin by real-time PCR and the distribution of immune cells by H&E on dorsal skin and ANL and toluidine blue staining on dorsal skin. Results FF n-BuOH fraction suppressed IL-4, IL-13 production and mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA and TNF-${\alpha}$. Results from the western blot analysis showed that FF n-BuOH fraction reduced the activation of the mast cell specific transduction factors involved in AP-1 by suppressing JNK and ERK phosphorylation. In the gross, atopic dermatitis induced by DNCB in NC/Nga mice were improved by oral administration of FF n-BuOH fraction. Oral FF n-BuOH fraction also decreased the level of IgE in mice's serum and the level of IL-4 and IL-5 in the spleenocyte culture supernatant, cell numbers of CD8+, B220+CD23+ in the PBMCs, CD4+ in the ALN and CD4+, Gr-1+CD11b+ in the dorsal skin and suppressed mRNA expression of IL-5, IL-13, IL-31, IL-31RA in the dorsal skin. Histological examination showed that infiltration levels of immune cells in atopic dermatitis induced NC/Nga mice were improved by FF n-BuOH fraction. Conclusions FF n-BuOH fraction can reduce pruritus by suppressing IL-31, IL-31RA secretion and modulate molecular mediators and immune cells associated with atopic dermatitis induced in NC/Nga mice which may have played a significant role in recovering atopic dermatitis symptoms.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.86-89
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated the free radical [1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) and superoxide anion (${O_2}^-$)] scavenging activity of MeOH extract and 3 fractions of Citrus junos. Of the tested fractions, the BuOH fraction showed the strongest DPPH scavenging activity, showing the $IC_{50}$ values of 63.4 mg/mL. Therefore, we continuously carried out DPPH, ${\cdot}OH$ and ${O_2}^-$ scavenging activity tests of BuOH fraction of Citrus junos. The BuOH fraction of Citrus junos inhibited DPPH radical to 97.5% at a concentration of 1000 mg/mL and the scavenging activities were increased concentration-dependently. In addition, BuOH fraction from Citrus junos also scavenged ${\cdot}OH$ in a concentration dependent manner from 5 to 1000 mg/mL. Furthermore, BuOH fraction showed about 56% ${O_2}^-$-scavengimg activity at 25 mg/mL concentration but, the scavenging activities were not enhanced in a dose dependent manner. The present results suggest that BuOH fraction of Citrus junos would have the protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2021

뇌 내 amyloid beta (Aβ) 축적으로 인한 신경독성은 산화적 스트레스를 야기하여 알츠하이머 질환(Alzheimer's disease, AD)을 유도하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 여주(Momordica charantia L.)의 활성분획물인 butanol (BuOH) 분획물의 Aβ_25-35 유도 AD 동물모델에서 인지능 개선 효과에 대해 연구하였다. T-미로 실험 및 물체인지실험을 통해서 여주 BuOH 분획물 100 및 200 mg/kg/day 농도 투여군은 AD를 유도한 control군에 비해 유의적으로 새로운 경로와 물체를 탐색하는 비율이 감소되어 공간인지 및 물체인지능력 개선 효과를 확인하였다. 수중미로실험을 통해 학습·기억력에 미치는 효과를 측정한 결과, 여주 BuOH 분획물 투여군은 훈련을 반복할수록 숨겨진 도피대를 찾아가는 시간이 감소함을 통해 학습·기억력 개선 효과를 나타내었다. 여주 BuOH 분획물이 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 뇌, 간, 신장 조직에서 지질과 산화 함량 및 nitric oxideNO 생성량을 측정하였다. 여주 BuOH 분획물을 처리한 군은 Aβ_25-35를 주입한 control군에 비해 유의적으로 뇌, 간, 신장 조직에서 지질과산화 함량 및 NO 생성량이 감소되어 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 여주 BuOH 분획물이 Aβ_25-35 유도 AD 동물모델에서 산화적 스트레스 개선을 통해 인지능력 개선 효과를 나타냄을 확인하였으며, 이에 따라 여주는 AD 예방 및 개선용 소재로써의 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2013

To investigate radical scavenging effects and protective activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) against oxidative stress, in vitro and a cellular system using LLC-$PK_1$ renal epithelial cells were used in this study. The butanol (BuOH) fraction of bitter melon scavenged 63.4% and 87.1% of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals at concentrations of 250 and $500{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In addition, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon effectively scavenged hydroxyl radicals (${\cdot}OH$). At all concentrations tested, the scavenging activity of the BuOH fraction was more potent than that of the positive control, ascorbic acid. Furthermore, under the LLC-$PK_1$ cellular model, the cells showed a decline in viability and an increase in lipid peroxidation through oxidative stress induced by pyrogallol, a generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). However, the BuOH fraction of bitter melon significantly and dose-dependently inhibited cytotoxicity. In addition, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) formed by simultaneous releases of nitric oxide and $O_2{^-}$, caused cytotoxicity in the LLC-$PK_1$ cells while the BuOH fraction of bitter melon ameliorated oxidative damage induced by $ONOO^-$. These results indicate that BuOH fraction of bitter melon has protective activities against oxidative damage induced by free radicals.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Cinnamomum camphora on melanogenesis. The MeOH extract of Cinnamomum camphora inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it significantly suppressed the melanin production in melan-a cells at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The MeOH extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. Among them, the BuOH soluble fraction exhibited significant inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase. In addition, the BuOH soluble fraction reduced the melanin production in melan-a cells. But, the BuOH soluble fraction had less inhibition effects on melan-a cell originated tyrosinase. So, it was performed western blotting for melanogenic proteins (tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP-2)) using melan-a cells. The BuOH soluble fraction inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase at the concentration of $100{\mu}/m{\ell}$. The results suggested that the BuOH soluble fraction of C. camphora might be a potent inhibitor of melanin biosynthesis in melan-a cells.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.176-181
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• 2004

솔잎 BuOH획분을 하루 25, 50, 100 mg/kg BW로써 SD계 랫트에 45일 동안 투여하여 뇌조직획분의 콜레스테롤 및 LF의 침착, ACh 및 ACh의 합성효소, ChAT, 신경전달에 관여하는 효소 AChE의 활성, 카테콜라민계 신경 전달물질의 파괴효소 MAO-B의 활성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 뇌조직의 mitochnodria 및 microsome 획분 중의 콜레스테롤이 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 14∼17% 및 23∼34%의 통계적인 억제효과가 인정되었고, 뇌조직에 대한 LF도 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 10∼14%의 유의적인 침착 억제효과가 인정되었다. 뇌조직중의 신경전달물질 ACh의 함량 및 ACh의 합성효소 ChAT의 활성은 BuOH획분의 거의 용량의존적으로 증가현상이 나타났지만, BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 각각 11∼17% 및 11∼23%의 통계적인 증가효과가 인정되었을 뿐만 아니라 AChE의 활성도 BuOH-50 및 BuOH-100 투여그룹에서 14∼17%의 통계적인 증가효과가 인정되었다. 뇌조직중의 MAO-B의 활성은 BuOH 획분의 거의 용량의존적으로 억제하였지만, 그 유의성은 인정할 수 없었다. 따라서 솔잎 BuOH 획분의 투여는 뇌조직의 유동성을 축진하고 콜레스테롤의 침착을 억제하며 ACh와 그 관련효소의 활성을 촉진하여 기억ㆍ학습의 증진에 매우 효과적으로 작용할 것으로 기대된다.