• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of varying levels of metabolizable energy (ME) and crude protein (CP) on growth performance and carcass characteristics in layer-type growing male chicks. Nine hundred 1-d-old Hy-Line Brown male chicks were randomly allocated to 30 pens in a $2{\times}3$ factorial design. The experimental diets contained 2 levels of ME (2,800 kcal/kg and 2,950 kcal/kg) in combination with 3 levels of CP (17%, 18.5%, and, 20%). A significant interaction of ME and CP on feed intake was observed (p<0.05). No interaction was observed between ME and CP for 53 d BW gain or FCR, which improved linearly with dietary CP levels (p<0.05). A significant interaction or tendency was observed between ME and CP levels. The intake of ME for 1 g BW gain was linearly decreased with increasing CP levels (p<0.001). The intake of CP per bird was significantly increased in low ME (2,800 kcal/kg) treatment than that of the high ME treatment (2,950 kcal/kg) (p<0.05), and dietary CP level had more influence on CP intake for gram BW gain than level of ME. The relative weights of liver, spleen, breast meat and, leg were not influenced by the dietary treatments. Serum BUN, albumin, creatinine, and the activities of GOT and GPT were not influenced significantly by the diet treatment. In conclusion, the growth performance in layer-type male chicks was linearly increased when the level of dietary CP increased. The ME and CP did not affect the carcass characteristics and blood profiles. Therefore, the optimum levels of dietary ME and CP to improve the growth were 2,800 kcal/kg and above 18.5% in layer-type growing male chicks, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2009

This study was carried out to develop transgenic rice cultivars with the CAX1 (accession no. U57411) gene. We successfully selected the transgenic rice plants over-expressing the Arabidopsis H+/$Ca^{2+}$ antiporter CAX1 (accession no. U57411) gene in T6 generation. The brown rice of the CAX1 expressing rice contained 13.4~68.0 % more calcium $(Ca^{2+})$ than that of the wild type and 5 lines were selected based on the phenotypes compared to the control cultivar at the GMO field. The CAX1 expressing transgenic rice plants were similar in phenotype to the wild type during the whole growth period. Also these selected 4 lines appeared to be resistant to blast, cold and water solution compared with the wild type. Difference in 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was observed among each line but grain shape did not show any morphological alternations. These results suggest the enhanced Ca-substrate specificity of CAX1 exchanger in donor plant. Therefore, intact CAX1 exchanger can be functionally useful for $Ca^{2+}$ nutrient enrichment of rice with reduced accumulation of undesirable cation.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) precursor and produce supplementation on egg production, egg quality and blood immunological parameters in laying hens. The total of 252 (32-wk) Hy-line brown commercial hens were used for 5 weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet + oat 1% + soybean oil 1%), 2) WOS (basal diet + whey 0.5% + oat 0.5% + soybean oil 1%), 3) WS (basal diet+ whey 1% + soybean oil 1%), 4) WOCLA (basal diet + whey 0.5% + oat 0.5% + CLA produce 1%), 5) WCLA (basal diet + whey 1% + CLA produce 1%) and 6) FOCLA (basal diet + Fish oil 0.5% + oat 1% + CLA produce 0.5%). For 4 weeks egg shell thickness was higher in WOS and FOCLA treatments than WOCLA and WCLA treatments (P<0.05). Egg weight was significantly increased (P<0.05) in WOS and FOCLA treatments compared to WS and WCLA treatments for 4 weeks. From 4 to 5 weeks yolk high, yolk color and haugh unit were significantly higher in FOCLA treatment than CON treatment (P<0.05). IgG concentration of blood was increased in WOS and FOCLA treatments compared to CON, WS and WOCLA treatments(P<0.05). In conclusion, fish oil, CLA produce and oat supplementation in laying hens diet improve egg shell thickness, yolk high, yolk color and haugh unit, also, CLA precursor supplementaion in laying hens diet improve IgG concentration of blood higher than CON treatment.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of mineral and vitamin-enhanced supplementation on egg production, egg quality and concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in serum of spent laying hens. A total of 240 (72-wk-old) Hyline brown commercial hens were used in the current trial for 4 weeks. Dietary treatments included 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ESS1 (basal diet + Egg shell strengthen 0.1%), 3) ESS2 (basal diet + Egg shell strengthen 0.2%) and 4) FESS (basal diet + Fe egg shell strengthen 0.2%). During the overall period, egg production was increased in CON and ESS2 treatments compared with ESS1 treatment (P<0.05). Egg shell breaking strength and final egg shell thickness were significantly higher in ESS2 treatment than CON and FESS treatments (P<0.05). Egg yolk color index was significantly lower in ESS1 treatment than other treatments (P<0.05). Moreover, Haugh unit was significantly lower in ESS1 and FESS treatments than CON treatment (P<0.05). Mineral- and vitaminenhanced supplementation did not affect either egg shell color or calcium and phosphorus concentration in serum. In conclusion, mineral- and vitamin- enhanced supplementations of laying hens diet are helpful in improving egg shell breaking strength and thickness by supplementation of Egg shell strengthener 0.2%.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.721-726
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• 2010

'Nampung', a new soybean cultivar for soy-paste, was developed from the cross between Suwon190 and 'Pokwangkong' by soybean breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. A promising line, SS97215-S-S-20, was selected and designated as the name of Milyang162. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials(RYT) for three years from 2005 to 2007 and was released as the name of 'Nampung'. It has a determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, yellow seed coat, light brown hilum, medium spherical seed (19.9 grams per 100 seeds). 'Nampung' is resistant to soybean mosaic virus and bacterial pustule, the major soybean disease in Korea. It is possible to harvest of 'Nampung' using combine because of it's lodging tolerance, few branches, and high position of pod attachment. The average yield of 'Nampung' is 2.97 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials (RYT) carried out for three years from 2005 to 2007 which is 21 percent higher than the check variety, 'Taekwang'.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

We conducted a 4 × 4 diallel cross-mating test using 934 chickens from four grandparent stock lines to develop a new synthetic breed of Korean native chicken. The mean values, combining ability, and reciprocal effects on survival rate, body weight, and hen-day egg production were analyzed. In phenotypes, most chickens have yellowish-brown, reddish-brown and mixed color feathers. The average survival rate was 86.8±12.3%, with the highest in YH combination. Specific combining ability (SCA) had a greater effect on survival rate than general combining ability (GCA), and the SCA of HY combination was the highest. The 16 cross-combinations were distinctly divided into three weight groups according to their genetic characteristics. At 12 weeks of age, GCA showed a greater effect on weight than SCA, and the SCA of FH combination was the highest. The age at first egg laying was 157 days, and the crosses reached sexual maturity faster than the pure lines. The egg production rate was highest in SY at 79.5±2.1%. The GCA and SCA for hen-day egg production were similar, and the SCA was highest in the HS and FY combinations. The reciprocal effect showed that the offspring's egg production rate was high when S and Y were maternal parents in almost all combinations. In conclusion, FH and HF combinations, which have excellent growth performance, are the most desirable paternal parent stock strains, and FY, FS, HY, and SY combinations, which have excellent laying performance with moderate weight, are the preferred maternal strains.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

In this study, we explore the morphological and geochemical characteristics for 440 manganese nodules collected from two different water depths [ARA12B-St52 (150 m, n = 239) and ARA12B-St58i (73 m, n = 201)] on the continental shelf of the East Siberian Sea from the ARA12B expedition in 2021. We also discussed the variations in the characteristics of manganese nodules with varying water depths in the Arctic Sea. The sizes of the nodules are generally greater than 3 cm at both sites. However, there is an obvious difference in the morphology with water depths. For the nodules collected at 150 m, brown-black colored tabular, tube, and ellipsoidal shapes with a rough surface texture are dominant. On the other hand, yellow-brown tabular shapes with a smooth surface texture are common for the nodules collected at 73 m. Furthermore, the slope of trend line between size and weight is significantly different at both sites: particularly, the slopes of nodules at 150 and 73 m are 1.60 and 0.84, respectively. This indicates the difference in the internal structure, porosity, and constituting elements between both nodules. Micro X-ray Flourescence (µ-XRF) results clearly demonstrate that the internal textures and chemical compositions are different with water depths. The nodules at 150 m are composed of a thick Mn-layer and a thin Fe-layer centered on the nucleus, while the nodules at 73 m are alternately grown with thin Mn- and Fe- layers around the nucleus. The average chemical compositions obtained by µ-XRF are 40.6 wt% Mn, 5.2 wt% Fe, and 7.9 Mn/Fe ratio at 150 m, and 10.3 wt% Mn, 19.0 wt% Fe, and 0.6 Mn/Fe ratio at 73 m. The chemical compositions of the nodules at 150 m are similar to those of nodules from the Peru Basin in the Pacific Ocean, while the compositions of the nodules at 73 m are similar to those of nodules from the Cook Islands or the Baltic Sea. The observed morphological and geochemical characteristics of the nodules show a clear difference at the two sites, which indicates that the aqueous conditions and formation processes of the nodules in the Arctic Sea vary with the water depths.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1391-1399
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• 2009

Two hundred and sixteen 68-week-old Hy-Line brown laying hens were used in a 6-week feeding trial to compare the efficacy of phytases Optiphos (OPT) and Natuphos (NAT), which were isolated from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger, respectively. Hens were randomly allotted into six treatments with six replications (six layers in three adjacent cages) per treatment according to their initial BW. The hens were then subjected to one of the following dietary treatments: i) Positive Control (PC; available phosphorus (AP) 0.4%); ii) Negative control (NC; AP 0.2%); iii) NAT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg NAT); iv) NAT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg NAT); v) OPT1 (NC+250 FTU/kg OPT); vi) OPT2 (NC+500 FTU/kg OPT). Feed intake, egg production, egg quality, apparent nutrient digestibility and serum P and Ca concentration were evaluated to compare the effect of the two phytases. Feed intake and eggshell thickness were not affected by the treatments. Superior effects (p<0.05) of OPT were only observed in egg production and egg weight compared with NAT. Characteristics such as eggshell breaking strength, apparent digestibility of N, Ca and P and serum P concentration were equally increased with the supplementation of both phytases (p<0.05), where no significant difference was observed in those characteristics between PC and phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equally effective improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in egg production and DM digestibility, where no improvements were observed (p<0.05) between the PC group and the groups with phytase supplementation at 500 FTU/kg. Equal increases in the serum Ca level were observed when the groups with phytase supplementation were compared to the PC group. Overall, the results of this study suggest that NAT and OPT are equally effective at liberating phytate-bound complexes when included in 0.2% available phosphorus diets for 68-week laying hens; either source of phytase can be fed to commercial 68-week laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to correct the negative effects associated with a 0.2% available phosphorus diet. In conclusion, either source of phytase can be fed to commercial first cycle laying hens at 500 FTU/kg to effectively replace inorganic phosphorus when economically justified.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.191-197
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• 2016

Historically, Korea old cattle had been consisted with various lines of coat color brindle, black and white-brown breeds or more. The two rare lines of black and white coat color are maintained for animal resources and preserved critically. The present study was carried out to evaluate potential usage of cysteamine supplementation during in vitro matration (IVM) and in vitro culture/production of embryo (IVP) by transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (Ovum Pick-Up: OPU) for the establishment of cryo-banking system. Immature slaughterhouse-derived cumulus-oocyte complexes (SL-COCs) were matured in IVM medium supplemented with 0, 0.1, 0.3 or 0.9 mM cysteamine, and then cultured in mSOF-BAS for 8 days after in vitro fertilization. The treatment of 0.1 mM cysteamine on SL-COCs showed higher rate of blastocyst, so OPU-derived COCs from rare breeds were matured in TCM media supplemented with or without 0.1 mM cysteamine, FSH and 5% FBS. The embryos were evaluated their developmental stages on day 8. During IVM, cysteamine treatment significantly increased the embryo production rate of slaughterhouse-derived COCs (19.6% vs. 30.5%). The presence of cysteamine during IVM of OPU-derived COCs from rare Korean cattle breeds (albino white and black line) also increased embryo production rates than those from SL-COCs (27.4% vs. 41.9% and 36.4%). With these results, cysteamine treatment during IVM is one of key factors IVP of blastocysts to establish banking system of endangered rare Koarean cattle with OPU derived transferable blastocysts.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.799-806
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• 2008

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding limestone to high and low Ca layer diets on laying performance and eggshell quality in laying hens. Five hundred and twenty-eight HyLine brown layer allotted to six treatments consisting of high and low Ca diets. Limestone added to two kinds of basal diet with 1, 2 and 3 fold compared to conventional diet. Egg production was not different regardless Ca level and amount of added limestone in overall periods. However, the increment of egg observed in high Ca diet and added 10g limestone group during later period. Ca and limestone intake were increased as increasing feeding limestone. Eggshell strength and thickness were improved in high Ca consumption group. It was concluded that feeding Ca sources to conventional diets was helpful improving eggshell quality and reducing feed cost per egg mass by increasing proportion of Ca intake.