• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1999

Three types of commercial broiler farms were surveyed to evaluate the effects of housing and production systems on environment and performances in broiler production. Environment condition of broiler house was better in windowless type than vinyl house. Ammonia, carbon dioxide and dust in vinyl house was 28ppm, 2,000ppm, 50.5CPM, respectively. Mortality was higher in vinyl house than that of widowless broiler house. Body weights at the age of 39 days were 1,551g, 1,607g and 1,620g of vinly house, open-sided broiler house and windowless broiler house, respectively. The incidence of abnormal carcass from the vinyl house was higher than those of the others.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.39-47
• /
• 2008

Most of the broiler houses in Korea have experienced problems on controlling the environmental conditions such as suitability, stability and uniformity of rearing condition inside the broiler house. It is very critical which if not properly controlled, would cause serious stress on the chickens. It is therefore urgent to develop optimum designs of naturally ventilated broiler house which is appropriate to the four seasons of Korea. Field experiment for this matter is very difficult to conduct due to the unpredictable and uncontrollable weather condition. In this study, the heating load of a naturally ventilated broiler house was calculated using TRANSYS 15 BES program while internal climate and thermal condition were computed using Fluent 6.2. The computed resulted of the conventional ventilation system (A) and upgraded ventilation system (B) (Seo et al, 2007) were compared with each other for cold season. The results of the Building Energy Simulation(BES) indicated that the system B, the upgraded ventilation system made 8% lower total heating load and 47% lower at only the broiler zone compared to the conventional broiler house. Considering the entire broiler house, the existence of middle ceiling made the heating energy 11% lower required than without middle ceiling. Accordingly, the system B with middle ceiling was found to save heating energy by 20% in average. This study showed that the BES program can be a very powerful to effectively compute the energy loads of agricultural building while the energy load is very close related to ventilation efficiency.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2001

This research was carried out to determine the quantity and characteristics of broiler excreta produced in different age and different types of broiler house. Daily feed intakes of broiler chicks ranged over 160.1~165g/d in the sixth week of age. Female and male broiler consumed 211.3 and 252.9 $m\ell$/d of water in the period, respectively. The amount of excreta produced by female and male broiler was 164.3 and 176.3g/d/bid in the sixth week, but average daily excreta production from birth to the sixth week of age was 90.5g/bird. Accumulated excreta production of broiler per bird in the sixth week was 3,800g. The contents of N, $P_2O_5$ and $K_2O$ in broiler excreta were 4.49, 1.28 and 2.02% in DM basis, respectively. The average moisture contents of litter produced from windowless broiler house, open-sided and vinyl house type broiler house were 18.3, 29.7 and 30.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2014

In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in recent agricultural energy and increase the energy self-sufficiency rate of each farmer, it is extremely important to expand the supply of solar energy using unused space of agricultural facilities, roof. This study surveyed and analyzed the environmental and administrative factors such as problems according to the structure, azimuth and latitude of broiler houses and stability of standard broiler houses required to use broiler house roof based on the poultry houses in Sangju-si. The results can be summarized as follows: 55.6% of the solar energy facilities of according to the classification of arable lands of broiler houses were available, and 31.7% of them were available by classifying according to the azimuth. However, 20.6% of them were available in the survey considering all the arable land and azimuth. In the roof inclination of the broiler houses, from 20 to $25^{\circ}$ was the most common, 30 broiler houses. The broiler houses with the roof inclination more than $20^{\circ}$ accounted for 63% of the total. It was considered that the inclination was generally proper. In the structural safety, only 3 broiler houses that were constructed as a standard broiler house were available. In practice, all but one broiler house was inappropriate to expand the solar energy project using roof. The solar thermal facility weighed $63.6kg/m^2$ in total: the frame and solar thermal collector weighed $27.8kg/m^2$ and $35.8kg/m^2$, respectively. The standard broiler house required to be internally reinforced. This study suggested a plan for internal reinforcement and a feasible plan because there were problems with structural safety when installing solar thermal and photovoltaic systems.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.57 no.6
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2015

Improvement in domestic poultry production has a positive effect on the export competitiveness of the poultry industry. However, overproduction and enlargement of facilities to assure a supply increase a stocking density which make a poor environment in the broiler house. In particular, an intensive rearing environment is vulnerable to dust control that causes respiratory diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, etc., to farmers and broilers. However, monitoring data and research for environment control are not adequate, and there are no air quality regulations in broiler houses in Korea. In this study, TSP, PM10, inhalable dust and respirable dust concentration were monitored according to season, age of broiler and broiler's activities. Air quality assessment was also performed in accordance with the threshold limit value by Donham et al. (2000). The TSP concentrations were 77.5 %, 219.7 % higher and PM10 concentrations were 121.2 %, 303.8 % higher when change of season and winter respectively than summer. There were significantly different concentrations according to season and age of broiler. Inhalable and respirable dust concentration were also clearly different according to the season and age of broiler. A high dust concentration was observed, specifically exceeding the threshold limit by 119 % in the winter. In the case of the broiler's motion was activity according to worker's access into the broiler house, concentration level was 769.6 % higher than broiler's motion was stable and exceeded the threshold limit. These results suggest that the worker should put on protective equipment to protect there's respiratory health in the broiler house.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.55-65
• /
• 2012

In the winter season, when the ventilation system is operating, the fresh cold air from the slot-type openings of broiler house which directly reached the animal zone can cause various problems such as thermal stress, decreasing of feed and water consumption, occurrence of respiratory disease, and etc. Therefore it is very important to control the trajectory of aero-flow from the slot openings to induce an efficient thermal heat change. Jet-drop distance model was proposed to predict and control the jet-trajectory. However their study was restricted due to the small scaled model and difficulties of measuring the Jet-drop distance. In this study, CFD was applied to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the jet-drop distance in a real broiler house. The various variables were considered such as installed slot-angle, designed ventilation rate, and the outdoor ambient temperature. From the present study, two linear-regression models using the Jet-drop factor and corrected Archimedes number, and their R-squared values 0.744 and 0.736, respectively, were used. From this study, the applicability of CFD on the analysis of Jet-drop distance model was confirmed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.43 no.3
• /
• pp.185-193
• /
• 2017

Objectives: An on-site study was conducted in order to quantify indoor exposure levels and the emission rate of particulate matter for domestic poultry buildings. Materials and methods: Three types of poultry building (caged layer house, broiler house, and layer house with manure belt) as classified by mode of manure treatment and ventilation were investigated in this study. Nine sites per each poultry building were selected and visited for measuring exposure levels and emission rate of particulate matter. Total dust and respirable dust among the particulate matter were analyzed based on the weight method. Emission rates were estimated by dividing emission amount, which was calculated through multiplying indoor concentration ($mg/m^3$), by the ventilation rate ($m^3/h$), into indoor area ($m^2$) and number of poultry reared in the poultry building. Results: Mean exposure levels for total dust and respirable dust in the poultry buildings were $3.91({\pm}1.99)mg/m^3$ and $1.99({\pm}0.89)mg/m^3$, respectively. The emission rates of particulate matter in the poultry buildings were estimated as $4.75({\pm}1.22)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $64.39({\pm}24.95)g\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for total dust and $0.58({\pm}0.23)mg\;head^{-1}h^{-1}$ and $7.52({\pm}2.51)mg\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for respirable dust, respectively. The distribution patterns for total dust and respirable dust were similar regardless of poultry building type. Among poultry buildings, broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of total dust and respirable dust, followed by layer house with manure belt and caged layer house. Conclusions: The finding that the broiler house showed the highest exposure level and emission rate of particulate matter can be attributed to sawdust utilized as bedding material, which can be dispersed into the air by movements of the chickens. Thus, a work environmental management solution for optimally reducing dust concentrations is necessary for broiler houses.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.63 no.1
• /
• pp.75-87
• /
• 2021

Air quality related to particulate matters and ammonia is being come to the fore as the national concern in Korea. CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) provides emission coefficients of these kinds of particulate and gaseous matters in the fields of livestock; however reliability issues are consistently mentioned. Evaluation of emission rates of PM2.5 and NH3 of the country is very important, but only few studies are available as the background related to observation of the concentration of the particulate matter and ammonia, especially within livestock house in Korea. In this paper, long-term measurement of PM10, PM2.5, and ammonia within the mechanically ventilated broiler house were carried out to introduce backgrounds of generation and emission of the particulate matters and ammonia. Measurement results were analyzed according to seasonal changes, age of broilers(weeks) and measurement locations. Concentration of inhalable and respirable dust were also evaluated in terms of occupational respiratory health according to increase in broiler's activity. From the results of this study, identification of the generation mechanisms of the particulate and gaseous matters, and evaluation of the emission rate of these in the broiler house will be carried out.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2022

Livestock industry in Korea has been growing rapidly and has reached 23 trillion Korean won in 2021. This study focuses on broiler, which is one of the largest sectors in livestock industry. As the effects of climate change get more serious, primary industry such as livestock industry is fragile to climate change since it directly interacts with nature. Therefore, maintaining suitable rearing environment is important. One of the most frequently used ventilation type for controlling the rearing environment of broiler house, tunnel ventilation, causes frequent air velocity fluctuation which makes maintaining the rearing environment important. By measuring the air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in various points inside the broiler house, the internal thermal environment uniformity was analyzed according to length, width and zone. The experimental house was found to have dead zone with high air temperature, relative humidity and low air velocity near the end of the inlet and at the end of the broiler house. By using heat stress index to analyze quantitatively, zone with highest heat stress index was found to increase by 7.55% compared to the lowest zone. As a result, to maintain uniform rearing environment inside the broiler house, different factors must be measured and analyzed and used to operate the environmental control facilities.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.475-482
• /
• 2002

The experiment was conducted to evaluate a ventilation system, which was devised to encourage farmers to use the enclosed poultry housing system. The study was observed in the National Livestock Research Institute from May 9 to May 30 in 2002. The main results of the experiment are as follows: 1. Although the outside temperature of the enclosed poultry house was 9.6 ${\sim}$ 21.2$^{\circ}C$ with 11.6$^{\circ}C$ variation, the house with an excellent heat insulation was maintained at 32${\sim}$33$^{\circ}C$ in a variation of 2$^{\circ}C$ which is within the range of the optimal temperature for broiler, being aided with two small electric heaters. 2. The average of air flow rates of the upper, middle and low parts of the room in the broiler house were detected at 0.57, 0.22 and 0.04 m/sec, respectively. The air flow in the whole room was distibuted uniformly by a perforated duct. In conclusion, heat and humidity could be controlled without any problem in this enclosed housing system. Especially, air flow in all parts of the room was detected in uniform rates, resulting in the better ventilation performance with air inhalation through the duct and air exhaust through the side walls of the house.